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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Corporate_average_fuel_economy
rdf:type
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Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy Corporate Average Fuel Economy Corporate average fuel economy
rdfs:comment
Gli standard della Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) misurano il risparmio di carburante, ponderato con le vendite dell'industria automobilistica. Si tratta di un insieme di leggi introdotte nel 1975 in U.S.A., dopo l'embargo arabo. L'NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) esamina i dati CAFE e impone alle industrie automobilistiche certe soglie in mpg (miglia per gallone) da non superare. Tali standard vengono calcolati separatamente in base al tipo di vettura (SUV, autovetture o autocarri). Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) bezeichnet in den USA eine gesetzliche Regelung zur Begrenzung des Flottenverbrauchs bei Kraftfahrzeugen. Sie berechnet sich als der nach Marktanteilen gewichtete Flottenverbrauch der Fahrzeuge eines Herstellers in „miles per gallon“ (mpg). Sie umschließt alle Fahrzeuge (PKW und Klein-LKW), die eine Masse („gross vehicle weight rating“, GVWR) von weniger als 8500 lbs. (Pfund, ca. 4000 kg) aufweisen und für den Verkauf in den USA hergestellt wurden. Die Berechnung erfolgt für jedes Modelljahr. The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulations in the United States, first enacted by the United States Congress in 1975, after the 1973–74 Arab Oil Embargo, to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks (trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles) produced for sale in the United States. CAFE neither directly offers incentives for customers to choose fuel efficient vehicles nor directly affects fuel prices. Rather, it attempts to accomplish the goals indirectly, by making it more expensive for automakers to build inefficient vehicles by introducing penalties. CAFE（英: corporate average fuel economy）とは、「企業（別）平均燃費」のことである。アメリカ合衆国では自動車製造企業ごとに企業平均の燃費を算定し、その燃費が基準値を下回らないように義務付けられている。 Le Corporate Average Fuel Economy, couramment abrégé en CAFE, est une réglementation en vigueur depuis 1975 aux États-Unis destinée à améliorer la consommation de carburant moyenne des automobiles et des camions légers. La réglementation locale aux États-Unis définit les "light-duty truck" comme des véhicules dont le PTAC inférieur à 3,86 tonnes (8,500 unités locales) qui correspondent à l'une des trois catégories suivantes :
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Observed CAFE by regulatory class
dbp:content
Chart|width=500|height=300|xAxisTitle=Model Year|yAxisTitle=CAFE (MPG)|legend=Legend|type=line| x=1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019, 2020 |y1=18.7,19.3,22.6,24.2,25.0,24.4,25.5,26.3,26.9,27.0,27.4,27.2,26.9,27.3,27.0,27.8,27.5,27.7,28.1,27.8,28.6,28.0,28.7,28.7,29.1,29.1,29.9,30.5,30.3,30.6,31.2,32.1,33.1,32.7,34.8,36.1,36.3,37.2,37.3,39.2,41.7,40.8,43.6 |y2=27.3,26.1,29.6,31.5,31.1,32.4,32.0,31.5,31.6,31.2,31.5,30.8,29.9,30.1,29.2,29.6,29.6,30.3,29.6,30.1,29.2,29.0,28.3,29.0,28.8,29.9,28.7,29.9,29.7,32.2,31.8,33.8,35.2,33.7,36.0,36.8,36.9,37.3,38.1,39.7,39.6,40.1,40.7 |y3=,18.2,18.5,20.1,20.5,20.7,20.6,20.7,21.5,21.7,21.3,21.0,20.8,21.3,20.8,21.0,20.8,20.5,20.8,20.6,21.0,20.9,21.3,20.9,21.4,21.8,21.5,22.1,22.5,23.1,23.6,24.8,25.2,24.7,25.0,25.7,26.5,27.3,27.4,28.6,29.4,29.5,30.1 |y4=19.9,20.1,23.1,24.6,25.1,24.8,25.0,25.4,25.9,26.2,26.0,25.6,25.4,25.6,25.1,25.2,24.7,24.9,24.9,24.6,24.7,24.5,24.8,24.5,24.7,25.1,24.6,25.4,25.8,26.6,27.1,29.0,29.3,29.0,30.8,31.6,31.7,32.2,32.3,33.4,33.9,33.5,34.3 | y1Title=Domestic Car |y2Title=Import Car|y3Title=Light Truck|y4Title=Total Fleet |colors=#0000aa,#ff8000,#FFC0CB,#36454F |showSymbols=1
dbp:footer
0001-03-31
dbp:image
CAFE-MY-2024-2026 cars.png CAFE-MY-2024-2026 lightTrucks.png
dbp:width
400
dbo:abstract
Le Corporate Average Fuel Economy, couramment abrégé en CAFE, est une réglementation en vigueur depuis 1975 aux États-Unis destinée à améliorer la consommation de carburant moyenne des automobiles et des camions légers. La réglementation locale aux États-Unis définit les "light-duty truck" comme des véhicules dont le PTAC inférieur à 3,86 tonnes (8,500 unités locales) qui correspondent à l'une des trois catégories suivantes : * Conçu ou dérivé d'un véhicule de transport de biens * Conçu pour le transport d'au moins 12 personnes, * Disponible avec des fonctions spéciales permettant une utilisation hors-route CAFE（英: corporate average fuel economy）とは、「企業（別）平均燃費」のことである。アメリカ合衆国では自動車製造企業ごとに企業平均の燃費を算定し、その燃費が基準値を下回らないように義務付けられている。 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) bezeichnet in den USA eine gesetzliche Regelung zur Begrenzung des Flottenverbrauchs bei Kraftfahrzeugen. Sie berechnet sich als der nach Marktanteilen gewichtete Flottenverbrauch der Fahrzeuge eines Herstellers in „miles per gallon“ (mpg). Sie umschließt alle Fahrzeuge (PKW und Klein-LKW), die eine Masse („gross vehicle weight rating“, GVWR) von weniger als 8500 lbs. (Pfund, ca. 4000 kg) aufweisen und für den Verkauf in den USA hergestellt wurden. Die Berechnung erfolgt für jedes Modelljahr. Der Begriff „Fuel economy“ (Sparsamkeit im Kraftstoffverbrauch) ist definiert als durchschnittliche Meilenstrecke, die ein Automobil per Gallone Benzin (oder äquivalenter Beträge anderer Kraftstoffe) zurücklegt, in Übereinstimmung mit den Test-Regularien der Umweltschutzbehörde EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Im Jahr 1975 legte der amerikanische Kongress erstmals Verbrauchsgrenzen für PKW und Klein-LKW fest als Reaktion auf das Öl-Embargo von 1973. Im Jahr 2007 verweigerte die Bush-Regierung es dem Bundesstaat Kalifornien und weiteren 13 US-Bundesstaaten, schärfere Verbrauchsgrenzen zu etablieren. Autohersteller wie GM und Ford vertraten damals die Ansicht, dass es ihnen nicht zuzumuten sei, zwei unterschiedliche Standards zu befolgen. Im März 2009 verschärfte die Obama-Regierung die seit 1985 unverändert geltenden Grenzwerte und kündigte im Mai 2009 an, die von Kalifornien vorgeschlagenen Grenzwerte bis 2016 umzusetzen. Diese liegen um ca. 30 % unter den derzeitigen Grenzwerten. Die Regierung von Donald Trump nahm die Regelungen der Obama-Administration zurück und senkte die Standards. So sollte anstelle eines Zielwertes von 55 mpg bis 2025 nur 40 mpg bis 2026 erreicht werden. Die Liste der Automobilhersteller, die im Jahr 2010 Strafzahlungen nach der CAFE-Gesetzgebung wegen eines zu hohen Flottenverbrauchs leisten mussten, umfasst Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, Porsche, Fiat, und Volvo. Gli standard della Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) misurano il risparmio di carburante, ponderato con le vendite dell'industria automobilistica. Si tratta di un insieme di leggi introdotte nel 1975 in U.S.A., dopo l'embargo arabo. In base ai valori CAFE, possono essere condizionate le decisioni dei consumatori per quanto riguarda l'acquisto di un nuovo veicolo. Se gli standard sono limitati e ad essi sono associate severe sanzioni per la contravvenzione, verranno vendute meno automobili dal mercato. In questo caso, i consumatori continueranno a guidare le loro vecchie vetture, causando un aumento del consumo di carburante rispetto a quello previsto dai nuovi veicoli. Al contrario, per bassi CAFE, si otterrà un risparmio di carburante medio e, di conseguenza, le aziende terranno poco in considerazione gli standard. L'NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) esamina i dati CAFE e impone alle industrie automobilistiche certe soglie in mpg (miglia per gallone) da non superare. Tali standard vengono calcolati separatamente in base al tipo di vettura (SUV, autovetture o autocarri). The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulations in the United States, first enacted by the United States Congress in 1975, after the 1973–74 Arab Oil Embargo, to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks (trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles) produced for sale in the United States. CAFE neither directly offers incentives for customers to choose fuel efficient vehicles nor directly affects fuel prices. Rather, it attempts to accomplish the goals indirectly, by making it more expensive for automakers to build inefficient vehicles by introducing penalties. The original CAFE standards sought to drive automotive innovation to curtail fuel consumption, and now the aim is to create domestic jobs and cut global warming.Stringent CAFE standards together with government incentives for fuel efficient vehicles in the United States should accelerate the demand for electric vehicles. CAFE standards are administered by the Secretary of Transportation via the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
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