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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Exclusive_dealing
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Exclusive dealing 獨佔交易
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In Economics and Law, exclusive dealing arises when a supplier entails the buyer by placing limitations on the rights of the buyer to choose what, who and where they deal. This is against the law in most countries which include the USA, Australia and Europe when it has a significant impact of substantially lessening the competition in an industry. When the sales outlets are owned by the supplier, exclusive dealing is because of vertical integration, where the outlets are independent exclusive dealing is illegal (in the US) due to the Restrictive Trade Practices Act, however, if it is registered and approved it is allowed. While primarily those agreements imposed by sellers are concerned with the comprehensive literature on exclusive dealing, some exclusive dealing arrangements are imposed 在競爭法中，獨占交易（Exclusive Dealing）是指批發商與零售商達成協議，令供應商不會供應相關商品或原材料予其他零售商。（Vertical Integration）往往被指是做成獨占交易的原因，因爲批發與零售均爲同一間公司所擁有。在大部分國家中，獨占交易違反競爭法，是反競爭行爲（Anti-Competitive Behaviour）之一。 獨占交易可以是市場門檻的其中一種。
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在競爭法中，獨占交易（Exclusive Dealing）是指批發商與零售商達成協議，令供應商不會供應相關商品或原材料予其他零售商。（Vertical Integration）往往被指是做成獨占交易的原因，因爲批發與零售均爲同一間公司所擁有。在大部分國家中，獨占交易違反競爭法，是反競爭行爲（Anti-Competitive Behaviour）之一。 獨占交易可以是市場門檻的其中一種。 In Economics and Law, exclusive dealing arises when a supplier entails the buyer by placing limitations on the rights of the buyer to choose what, who and where they deal. This is against the law in most countries which include the USA, Australia and Europe when it has a significant impact of substantially lessening the competition in an industry. When the sales outlets are owned by the supplier, exclusive dealing is because of vertical integration, where the outlets are independent exclusive dealing is illegal (in the US) due to the Restrictive Trade Practices Act, however, if it is registered and approved it is allowed. While primarily those agreements imposed by sellers are concerned with the comprehensive literature on exclusive dealing, some exclusive dealing arrangements are imposed by buyers instead of sellers Exclusive dealing can be considered as a barrier to entry especially in market that operate under imperfect competition, which is either Monopoly or Oligopoly where there is price and product differentiation as well as an imbalance of market power between incumbent, entrants and competitors due to the existing of vertical integrations within the market, leading to market inefficiencies.
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