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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Florida_Constitution_of_1885
rdfs:label
Florida Constitution of 1885
rdfs:comment
Florida's Constitution of 1885, its fifth, was drawn up by the Constitutional Convention of 1885. The convention was held from June 9, 1885 until August 3, 1885in Tallahassee, Florida "for the purpose of reforming the "Carpetbag" Constitution of 1868", according to course literature from the University of Virginia. It was Florida's fifth constitutional convention and restored the election of many public officials, reduced the salaries of the governor and other state officers, made the governor ineligible for reelection, abolished the office of lieutenant governor, and provided for a legislature of fixed numbers.
dcterms:subject
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1098699238
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dbr:John_Neel dbr:Charles_Cooper_Wilson dbr:Austin_S._Mann dbr:Bradford_County,_Florida dbr:Jefferson_County,_Florida dbr:Joseph_H._Humphries dbr:St._Johns_County,_Florida dbc:History_of_racism_in_Florida dbr:Walton_County,_Florida dbr:Sumter_County,_Florida dbr:Carpetbagger dbr:Thomas_E._Clark dbr:Syd_L._Carter dbr:Hamilton_County,_Florida dbr:Henry_H._Duncan dbr:Samuel_Pasco dbr:Reconstruction_era dbr:Henry_C._Baker dbr:Disenfranchise dbr:Putnam_County,_Florida dbr:Henry_Clay_Hicks dbr:John_R._Herndon dbr:Calhoun_County,_Florida dbr:Brevard_County,_Florida dbr:John_Newton_Krimminger dbr:John_Parsons_(Florida_politician) dbr:William_T._Weeks dbr:B.F._Oliveros dbr:James_E._Yonge dbr:Manatee_County,_Florida dbr:David_Shelby_Walker,_Jr. dbr:Washington_County,_Florida dbr:Thomas_F._Swearingen dbr:James_Wood_Davidson dbc:Defunct_state_constitutions_of_the_United_States dbr:Thomas_L._Clarke dbr:Lewis_D._Carson dbr:Hernando_County,_Florida dbr:Jonathan_C._Greeley dbr:John_C._Pelot,_M.D. dbr:Daniel_Campbell_(Florida_politician) dbr:John_C._Richard dbr:Escambia_County,_Florida dbr:Daniel_M._McAlpin dbr:John_William_Tompkins dbr:William_A._Hocker dbr:John_B._Johnson_(Florida_politician) dbr:William_A._Blount dbr:Theodore_Randell dbr:Augustus_Maxwell dbr:Orange_County,_Florida dbr:John_W._Mitchell_(Florida_politician) dbr:F._B._Genovar dbr:University_of_Virginia dbr:James_F._McClellan dbr:Alachua_County,_Florida dbr:James_Gamble_Speer dbr:Marion_County,_Florida dbr:Poll_tax_(United_States) dbr:Liberty_County,_Florida dbr:Taylor_County,_Florida dbr:James_B._Stone dbr:Hillsborough_County,_Florida dbr:James_D._Goss dbc:Legal_history_of_Florida dbr:William_T._Orman dbr:Florida_Constitutional_Convention_of_1838 dbr:Thomas_N._Bell dbr:William_F._Green dbr:Levy_County,_Florida dbr:William_F._Thompson dbr:Wallace_B._Carr dbr:John_Westcott dbr:Franklin_County,_Florida dbr:John_T._Lesley dbr:Simon_Barclay_Conover,_M.D. dbr:Columbia_County,_Florida dbr:George_P._Fowler dbr:Duval_County,_Florida dbr:Henry_W._Chandler dbr:Henry_L._Parker dbr:Samuel_E._Hope dbc:Anti-black_racism_in_the_United_States dbr:Samuel_J._Turnbull dbr:Holmes_County,_Florida dbr:Robert_Henderson_(Florida_politician) dbc:American_constitutional_conventions dbr:Madison_County,_Florida dbr:Tallahassee,_Florida dbr:Racial_segregation dbr:Robert_Furman_Rogers dbr:Polk_County,_Florida dbr:Burton_Daniel_Wadsworth dbr:Alex._L._McCaskill dbr:Dade_County,_Florida dbr:William_H._Reynolds_(Florida_politician) dbr:Wakulla_County,_Florida dbr:Thomas_Van_Renssalaer_Gibbs dbc:Florida_law dbr:Jackson_County,_Florida dbr:Florida_Constitution dbc:1885_in_Florida dbr:William_Hall_Milton dbc:Government_of_Florida dbr:Norman_T._Scott dbr:Hugh_E._Miller dbr:Nassau_County,_Florida dbr:Constitution_of_Florida dbr:Samuel_Petty dbr:A._Douglas_McKinnon dbr:Leon_County,_Florida dbr:Suwannee_County,_Florida dbr:Gadsden_County,_Florida dbr:Joseph_M._Tolbert dbr:Santa_Rosa_County,_Florida
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dbo:abstract
Florida's Constitution of 1885, its fifth, was drawn up by the Constitutional Convention of 1885. The convention was held from June 9, 1885 until August 3, 1885in Tallahassee, Florida "for the purpose of reforming the "Carpetbag" Constitution of 1868", according to course literature from the University of Virginia. It was Florida's fifth constitutional convention and restored the election of many public officials, reduced the salaries of the governor and other state officers, made the governor ineligible for reelection, abolished the office of lieutenant governor, and provided for a legislature of fixed numbers. The agreed-upon constitution added a residency requirement, forbade a second consecutive term for the office of governor, made the cabinet elected instead of appointed, and made many state and local offices elective. It also gave the legislature the option of requiring the payment of a poll tax as a requirement for voting (Article VI, Section 8). This was a compromise between smaller "black belt" counties who wanted more offices elected and those from larger and more prosperous counties. The poll tax disenfranchised African-Americans, and anyone else too poor to pay the tax. Racial segregation in schools was mandatory (Article XII, Section 12). The constitution also prohibited marriage between "a white person and a person of negro descent" (Article XVI, Section 24). The constitution ratified at the convention passed with a vote of 31,804 to 21,243. It was "the model" of Florida's government until 1968 and "represented the regression to racial discrimination which was occurring throughout the South in the post-Reconstruction era period." The Constitution was weighted in favor of counties. Each new county was entitled to one to three representatives according to population. Every ten years the lower house was automatically reconstructed on a basis of these members for each of the five largest counties, two members for each of the next eighteen, and one for each remaining county. In 1930, the big counties of the time, containing Florida’s largest cities, Jacksonville, Tampa, and Miami, had a combined population of 451,977, and had nine representatives and three senators. The four smallest counties had a combined of population of only 30,000, but had four representatives and three senators. This overrepresentation of rural, conservative areas led to increasing tension in twentieth-century Florida politics, as central and then south Florida grew. It was a major factor leading to the current Constitution of 1968, which changed apportionment.
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