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Subject Item
dbr:Gas_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
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Plynová chromatografie s hmotnostní spektrometrií ガスクロマトグラフィー–質量分析法 Chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Cromatografia gasosa–espectrometria de massa Gaschromatographie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung استشراب غازي-مطياف كتلة Gascromatografia-spettrometria di massa 氣相色譜法-質譜聯用
rdfs:comment
La chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, abrégé CPG-SM, ou GC-MS de l'anglais Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, est une technique d'analyse qui combine les performances de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, pour la séparation des composés d'un échantillon, et de la spectrométrie de masse, pour la détection et l’identification des composés en fonction de leur rapport masse sur charge. Cette technique permet d'identifier et/ou de quantifier précisément de nombreuses substances présentes en très petites quantités, voire en traces. Les applications de la CPG-SM comprennent le dosage de médicaments ou de stupéfiants, l'analyse environnementale, la médecine légale et l'identification de toutes substances inconnues même sous forme de traces. La CPG-SM est d'a كروماتوغرافيا الغاز - مطياف الكتلة أو الاستشراب الغازي - مطياف الكتلة تعتبر الكروماتوغرافيا الغازية طريقة فعالة من اجل فصل وكشف المركبات العضوية القابلة للتطاير ومزائج غازية من مختلفة.وهي تعتبر تقنية مفيدة اكتشفت أول مرة عام 1940م حيث أدخلت فيما بعد كأداة أولية استخدمت في مختبرات عديدة .وهي قدمت تطور تقني واضح في مجال الالكترونيات والنظم المؤتمتة وتملك تقنية العامود إنتاج اقل وحدود كشف اقل وتحديد أدق للمواد من خلال التباين وتقنيات التحديد النوعي المميز. La gascromatografia-spettrometria di massa, indicata con la sigla GC-MS o GC/MS (dall'inglese gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), è la tecnica analitica basata sull'utilizzo di un gascromatografo accoppiato a uno spettrometro di massa. Il gascromatografo separa i composti presenti nel campione mentre lo spettrometro di massa funziona da rivelatore. Tale tecnica insieme alla LC-MS costituisce uno dei metodi analitici più avanzati e consente l'identificazione e la quantificazione di sostanze organiche in una varietà di matrici. L'implementazione delle tecniche GC e MS richiede un adattamento delle caratteristiche della strumentazione cromatografica e spettrometrica per raggiungere un sufficiente grado di compatibilità. Una rappresentazione schematica di un moderno GC/MS comprende: un crom Gaschromatographie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung ist ein Verfahren der Analytischen Chemie zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung organischer Verbindungen. Die Kopplung eines Gaschromatographen (GC) mit einem Massenspektrometer (MS) wird verkürzend auch als GC-MS, GC/MS oder GCMS bezeichnet, im Falle der Tandem-Massenspektrometrie GC-MS/MS oder ähnlich. 氣相色譜法–質譜法聯用（英語：Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry，簡稱气质联用，英文缩写GC-MS）是一種結合氣相色譜法和質譜法的特性，在試樣中鑒別不同物質的分析的方法。GC-MS的使用包括藥物檢測（主要用于監督藥物的濫用）、火災調查、環境分析、爆炸調查和未知樣品的測定。GC-MS 也用于為保障機場安全測定行李和人體中的物質。另外，GC-MS還可以用于識別物質中以前認為在未被識別前就已經蛻變了的痕量元素。 GC-MS已經被廣泛地譽為司法學物質鑒定的金標方法，因為它被用于進行“專一性測試”。所謂“專一性測試”就是能十分肯定地在一個給定的試樣中識別出某個物質的實際存在。而非專一性測試則只能指出試樣中有哪類物質存在。儘管非專一性測試能夠用統計的方法提示該物質具體是那種物質，但存在識別上的正偏差。 Cromatografia gasosa–espectrometria de massa (CG-EM), ou espectrometria de massa por cromatografia em fase gasosa (abreviada na literatura em inglês como GC-MS, de gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) é um método analítico que combina os recursos de e espectrometria de massa para identificar diferentes substâncias em uma amostra de teste. As aplicações de CG-EM incluem detecção de drogas, investigação de incêndios, análise ambiental, investigação de explosivos e identificação de amostras desconhecidas, incluindo amostras de materiais obtidas do planeta Marte durante missões de sondas desde a década de 1970. CG-EM também pode ser usado na segurança do aeroporto para detectar substâncias na bagagem ou em seres humanos. Além disso, ela pode identificar em materiais que antes se pensava ter ガスクロマトグラフィー–質量分析法(Gas Chromatography - Mass spectrometry、GC/MS)とは、ガスクロマトグラフで分離させた種々の成分を、質量分析計で検出する方法。 Plynová chromatografie s hmotnostní spektrometrií (GC-MS) je analytická metoda využívající k oddělení složek směsi plynový chromatograf a k jejich následné analýze hmotnostní spektrometrii. Využívá se například při detekci drog, vyšetřování požárů, analýze výbušnin látek v životním prostředí či neznámých vzorků, jako například zkoumání hornin z Marsu. Také ji lze využít při zajišťování bezpečnosti na letištích k určení látek přítomných v zavazadlech. Podobně jako kapalinová chromatografie s hmotnostní spektrometrií umožňuje prokázat i velmi nízké koncentrace látek ve vzorku. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Applications of GC-MS include drug detection, fire investigation, environmental analysis, explosives investigation, and identification of unknown samples, including that of material samples obtained from planet Mars during probe missions as early as the 1970s. GC-MS can also be used in airport security to detect substances in luggage or on human beings. Additionally, it can identify trace elements in materials that were previously thought to have disintegrated beyond identification. Like liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, it allows analysis and detection even of tiny amounts of a substance.
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氣相色譜法–質譜法聯用（英語：Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry，簡稱气质联用，英文缩写GC-MS）是一種結合氣相色譜法和質譜法的特性，在試樣中鑒別不同物質的分析的方法。GC-MS的使用包括藥物檢測（主要用于監督藥物的濫用）、火災調查、環境分析、爆炸調查和未知樣品的測定。GC-MS 也用于為保障機場安全測定行李和人體中的物質。另外，GC-MS還可以用于識別物質中以前認為在未被識別前就已經蛻變了的痕量元素。 GC-MS已經被廣泛地譽為司法學物質鑒定的金標方法，因為它被用于進行“專一性測試”。所謂“專一性測試”就是能十分肯定地在一個給定的試樣中識別出某個物質的實際存在。而非專一性測試則只能指出試樣中有哪類物質存在。儘管非專一性測試能夠用統計的方法提示該物質具體是那種物質，但存在識別上的正偏差。 Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Applications of GC-MS include drug detection, fire investigation, environmental analysis, explosives investigation, and identification of unknown samples, including that of material samples obtained from planet Mars during probe missions as early as the 1970s. GC-MS can also be used in airport security to detect substances in luggage or on human beings. Additionally, it can identify trace elements in materials that were previously thought to have disintegrated beyond identification. Like liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, it allows analysis and detection even of tiny amounts of a substance. GC-MS has been regarded as a "gold standard" for forensic substance identification because it is used to perform a 100% specific test, which positively identifies the presence of a particular substance. A nonspecific test merely indicates that any of several in a category of substances is present. Although a nonspecific test could statistically suggest the identity of the substance, this could lead to false positive identification. However, the high temperatures (300°C) used in the GC-MS injection port (and oven) can result in thermal degradation of injected molecules, thus resulting in the measurement of degradation products instead of the actual molecule(s) of interest. كروماتوغرافيا الغاز - مطياف الكتلة أو الاستشراب الغازي - مطياف الكتلة تعتبر الكروماتوغرافيا الغازية طريقة فعالة من اجل فصل وكشف المركبات العضوية القابلة للتطاير ومزائج غازية من مختلفة.وهي تعتبر تقنية مفيدة اكتشفت أول مرة عام 1940م حيث أدخلت فيما بعد كأداة أولية استخدمت في مختبرات عديدة .وهي قدمت تطور تقني واضح في مجال الالكترونيات والنظم المؤتمتة وتملك تقنية العامود إنتاج اقل وحدود كشف اقل وتحديد أدق للمواد من خلال التباين وتقنيات التحديد النوعي المميز. ガスクロマトグラフィー–質量分析法(Gas Chromatography - Mass spectrometry、GC/MS)とは、ガスクロマトグラフで分離させた種々の成分を、質量分析計で検出する方法。 Cromatografia gasosa–espectrometria de massa (CG-EM), ou espectrometria de massa por cromatografia em fase gasosa (abreviada na literatura em inglês como GC-MS, de gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) é um método analítico que combina os recursos de e espectrometria de massa para identificar diferentes substâncias em uma amostra de teste. As aplicações de CG-EM incluem detecção de drogas, investigação de incêndios, análise ambiental, investigação de explosivos e identificação de amostras desconhecidas, incluindo amostras de materiais obtidas do planeta Marte durante missões de sondas desde a década de 1970. CG-EM também pode ser usado na segurança do aeroporto para detectar substâncias na bagagem ou em seres humanos. Além disso, ela pode identificar em materiais que antes se pensava terem se desintegrado além da capacidade de identificação. Como a cromatografia líquida–espectrometria de massa, ela permite análise e detecção mesmo de pequenas quantidades de uma substância. CG-EM tem sido considerada um "padrão ouro" para identificação de substâncias forenses porque é usado para realizar um teste 100% , que identifica positivamente a presença de uma substância específica. Um teste inespecífico indica apenas que alguma de várias de uma categoria de substâncias está presente. Embora um teste não específico possa sugerir estatisticamente a identidade da substância, isso pode levar à identificação de . La gascromatografia-spettrometria di massa, indicata con la sigla GC-MS o GC/MS (dall'inglese gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), è la tecnica analitica basata sull'utilizzo di un gascromatografo accoppiato a uno spettrometro di massa. Il gascromatografo separa i composti presenti nel campione mentre lo spettrometro di massa funziona da rivelatore. Tale tecnica insieme alla LC-MS costituisce uno dei metodi analitici più avanzati e consente l'identificazione e la quantificazione di sostanze organiche in una varietà di matrici. L'implementazione delle tecniche GC e MS richiede un adattamento delle caratteristiche della strumentazione cromatografica e spettrometrica per raggiungere un sufficiente grado di compatibilità. Una rappresentazione schematica di un moderno GC/MS comprende: un cromatografo, uno spettrometro di massa e un sistema di raccolta ed analisi dei dati (DataSystem) che costituisce il sistema per l'analisi e la separazione (qualitativa e quantitativa) di miscele complesse. Il cromatografo consiste di un iniettore (auto-campionatore), un sistema per il controllo della temperatura della colonna e una linea di trasferimento che consente all'effluente della colonna di entrare nello spettrometro di massa. Lo spettrometro di massa consiste di una camera di ionizzazione (sorgente di ioni), di un analizzatore di masse (analizzatore a quadrupolo) e di un rivelatore di ioni; il tutto tenuto sotto alto vuoto mediante pompe a diffusione supportate da pompe molecolari. La GC-MS è una delle tecniche più usate in chimica analitica. Plynová chromatografie s hmotnostní spektrometrií (GC-MS) je analytická metoda využívající k oddělení složek směsi plynový chromatograf a k jejich následné analýze hmotnostní spektrometrii. Využívá se například při detekci drog, vyšetřování požárů, analýze výbušnin látek v životním prostředí či neznámých vzorků, jako například zkoumání hornin z Marsu. Také ji lze využít při zajišťování bezpečnosti na letištích k určení látek přítomných v zavazadlech. Podobně jako kapalinová chromatografie s hmotnostní spektrometrií umožňuje prokázat i velmi nízké koncentrace látek ve vzorku. GC-MS je považována za standardní metodu při forenzní identifikaci látek, protože je 100% specifická při určování konkrétní látky. Nespecifickými metodami je možné určit pouze skupinu látek, což může vést k nesprávné identifikaci. La chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, abrégé CPG-SM, ou GC-MS de l'anglais Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, est une technique d'analyse qui combine les performances de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, pour la séparation des composés d'un échantillon, et de la spectrométrie de masse, pour la détection et l’identification des composés en fonction de leur rapport masse sur charge. Cette technique permet d'identifier et/ou de quantifier précisément de nombreuses substances présentes en très petites quantités, voire en traces. Les applications de la CPG-SM comprennent le dosage de médicaments ou de stupéfiants, l'analyse environnementale, la médecine légale et l'identification de toutes substances inconnues même sous forme de traces. La CPG-SM est d'ailleurs présentée comme étant la référence absolue des analyses en médecine légale. Gaschromatographie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung ist ein Verfahren der Analytischen Chemie zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung organischer Verbindungen. Die Kopplung eines Gaschromatographen (GC) mit einem Massenspektrometer (MS) wird verkürzend auch als GC-MS, GC/MS oder GCMS bezeichnet, im Falle der Tandem-Massenspektrometrie GC-MS/MS oder ähnlich.
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