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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Heritage_management_in_the_Philippines
rdfs:label
Heritage management in the Philippines
rdfs:comment
Heritage management in the Philippines is guided by laws and agencies that create regulations for potentially destructive behaviors such as excavations and demolition. Legislation pertaining to heritage management consists of Republic Acts and Presidential Decrees. Organizations such as UNESCO, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the Heritage Conservation Society are also referred to in laws.
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dbc:Public_archaeology dbc:Philippine_culture
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61934708
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1070217029
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dbo:abstract
Heritage management in the Philippines is guided by laws and agencies that create regulations for potentially destructive behaviors such as excavations and demolition. Legislation pertaining to heritage management consists of Republic Acts and Presidential Decrees. Organizations such as UNESCO, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the Heritage Conservation Society are also referred to in laws. Republic Acts are pieces "of legislation used to create policy in order to carry out the principles of the Constitution." They are written by Congress and approved by the President. The National Heritage act is a Republic Act which created the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property and gave ultimate power to the National Museum of the Philippines. The Local Government Code is a Republic Act which required the national government to collaborate with local governing bodies when preparing to damage land. The General Appropriations Acts are Republic Acts which required certain agencies to avoid damaging cultural properties including bridges, train stations, capitol buildings, and universities. The Indigenous Peoples' Act was a Republic Act which gave consideration and ownership to indigenous people who would be affected by any excavation or damage. The Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act required digging teams to report findings to the Director of the National Museum. The purpose of Presidential Decrees was and is "to arrogate unto the Chief Executive the lawmaking powers of Congress." Presidential Decree No. 105 defined National Shrines and enforced their safety by threatening violators with 10 or more years in prison, a fine of 10,000 pesos, or both. Presidential Decree No. 374 provided a definition for the phrase National Cultural Treasure. Presidential Decree No. 374 added certain sites to the list of Philippine National Cultural Treasures. Presidential Decree No. 1505 made it illegal to “modify, alter, repair, or destroy” the natural state of national shrines and landmarks without consent from the National Historical Institute of the Philippines, punishable by 1 to 5 years in prison or a fine between 1,000 and 10,000 pesos. These laws can be separated into categories such as built environment, indigenous peoples' laws, and intangible heritage. The National Cultural Heritage Act is an example of built environment legislation, the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act is an example of indigenous peoples' legislation, and both Presidential Decree No. 374 and the Cultural Properties Preservation and Protection Act refer to National Cultural Treasures which include intangible heritage. Heritage management in the Philippines is not only about archaeology, it is about peoples' relationship to, and ownership of, their culture.
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