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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Hetmans_of_the_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
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Grande atamano di Lituania Hetman van het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest Гетманы Речи Посполитой ポーランドとリトアニアのヘトマン一覧 Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetmans du royaume de Pologne et du grand-duché de Lituanie
rdfs:comment
ポーランドとリトアニアのヘトマン一覧は、ポーランド王国（王冠領）とリトアニア大公国、そして1569年に成立した両者の連合体であるポーランド・リトアニア共和国において、国王に次ぐ最高軍司令官の職である。ヘトマンの称号は1505年にポーランド王国で創設された。ヘトマンの称号は1581年までは戦時のみ軍司令官に与えられていたが、その後は終身の称号となった。1585年以後、ヘトマンの称号はそれを帯びている者の国家反逆行為が証明されない限り、剥奪されないことが取り決められた。 Ге́тман в Речи Посполитой — должностное лицо в Королевстве Польском и Великом княжестве Литовском, командующий армией. Il Grande atamano (Hetman Wielki in lingua polacca, letteralmente "Capo Supremo") era il più elevato grado militare nelle forze armate della Confederazione polacco-lituana. Il titolo ebbe origine nel 1505 nel Granducato di Lituania per indicare il capo militare ("atamano", italianizzazione di hetman) designato dal granduca quale comandante supremo di una specifica campagna militare: cioè l'atamano che avrebbe dovuto comandare su tutti gli atamani le cui truppe componevano l'esercito lituano secondo il modello della leva feudale. Quando la Lituania si confederò al Regno di Polonia tramite l'Unione di Lublino (4 luglio 1569), la pratica di designare specificatamente un comandante unico per il grande esercito confederato durante i conflitti divenne la prassi. La carica di grande atamano diven Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were the highest-ranking military officers, second only to the King, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. The title of hetman was given to the leader of the Polish Army and until 1581 it was awarded only for a specific campaign or war. Later it became a permanent title, as did all the titles in the Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It could not be revoked unless treachery had been proven (from 1585). Hetmans were not paid for their services by the Royal Treasury. Les hetmans du royaume de Pologne ou hetmans de la Couronne (hetmani koronni) et les hetmans du grand-duché de Lituanie (hetmani litewscy) sont les responsables militaires les plus haut placés de la République des Deux Nations. Ils ne sont pas rémunérés par le trésor royal. De hetman van het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest was de hoogste militaire officier, naast de koning, van het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest.
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Il Grande atamano (Hetman Wielki in lingua polacca, letteralmente "Capo Supremo") era il più elevato grado militare nelle forze armate della Confederazione polacco-lituana. Il titolo ebbe origine nel 1505 nel Granducato di Lituania per indicare il capo militare ("atamano", italianizzazione di hetman) designato dal granduca quale comandante supremo di una specifica campagna militare: cioè l'atamano che avrebbe dovuto comandare su tutti gli atamani le cui truppe componevano l'esercito lituano secondo il modello della leva feudale. Quando la Lituania si confederò al Regno di Polonia tramite l'Unione di Lublino (4 luglio 1569), la pratica di designare specificatamente un comandante unico per il grande esercito confederato durante i conflitti divenne la prassi. La carica di grande atamano divenne permanente, come tutti gli altri titoli nel regno polacco e nella Confederazione, e non revocabile nel 1581.Dal 1585 venne specificato che il titolo di grande atamano poteva essere revocato in caso di alto tradimento. Esistevano due grandi atamani: all'originale Grande atamano di Lituania (Hetman Wielki Litewski), responsabile per l'esercito lituano, venne affiancato il Grande atamano della Corona (Hetman Wielki Koronny), vero e proprio comandante generale delle forze confederate secondo solo al sovrano polacco nella linea di comando. Quello di Grande atamano era un titolo onorifico, simboleggiato dalla coppia di mazze (bulava) incrociate, e non si era remunerati per il suo esercizio. Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were the highest-ranking military officers, second only to the King, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. The title of hetman was given to the leader of the Polish Army and until 1581 it was awarded only for a specific campaign or war. Later it became a permanent title, as did all the titles in the Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It could not be revoked unless treachery had been proven (from 1585). Hetmans were not paid for their services by the Royal Treasury. Ге́тман в Речи Посполитой — должностное лицо в Королевстве Польском и Великом княжестве Литовском, командующий армией. De hetman van het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest was de hoogste militaire officier, naast de koning, van het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest. ポーランドとリトアニアのヘトマン一覧は、ポーランド王国（王冠領）とリトアニア大公国、そして1569年に成立した両者の連合体であるポーランド・リトアニア共和国において、国王に次ぐ最高軍司令官の職である。ヘトマンの称号は1505年にポーランド王国で創設された。ヘトマンの称号は1581年までは戦時のみ軍司令官に与えられていたが、その後は終身の称号となった。1585年以後、ヘトマンの称号はそれを帯びている者の国家反逆行為が証明されない限り、剥奪されないことが取り決められた。 Les hetmans du royaume de Pologne ou hetmans de la Couronne (hetmani koronni) et les hetmans du grand-duché de Lituanie (hetmani litewscy) sont les responsables militaires les plus haut placés de la République des Deux Nations. Ils ne sont pas rémunérés par le trésor royal.
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