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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Hiring_and_mop_fairs
rdfs:label
Hiring and mop fairs 雇用市
rdfs:comment
雇用市（こよういち）又はモップ市は14世紀から20世紀初めごろまでイギリスで行われた年毎の使用人の雇用を決める市（いち）。雇用市は、黒死病の結果生じた労働者不足を受けてイングランド王エドワード3世が制定したにより始まった。秋、特にの日（9月29日）、後にグレゴリオ暦が用いられるようになってからは10月10日に行われることが多かった。 雇用を求める者は自分の職業を示す道具（家事手伝いであればモップ）を目印として持ち、雇用者にアピールした。市に合わせて屋台や見世物も行われた。 Hiring fairs, also called statute or mop fairs, were regular events in pre-modern Great Britain and Ireland where labourers were hired for fixed terms. They date from the time of Edward III, and his attempt to regulate the labour market by the Statute of Labourers in 1351 at a time of a serious national shortage of labour after the Black Death. Subsequent legislation, in particular the Statute of Apprentices of 1563, legislated for a particular day when the high constables of the shire would proclaim the stipulated rates of pay and conditions of employment for the following year. Because so many people gathered at a fair, it quickly turned into the major place for matching workers and employers. Hiring fairs continued well into the 20th century, up to the Second World War in some places bu
foaf:depiction
n10:Sippers_and_Topers_c1900_Stone.jpg n10:Take_Notice_that_the_Cardigan_Hiring_Fair_1861.jpg n10:Charles-François_Marchal,_La_foire_aux_servantes.jpg n10:Three_farm_labourers_waiting_to_be_hired_for_work..jpg n10:Tewkesbury_Mop_Fair.jpg
dct:subject
dbc:Recruitment dbc:Autumn_traditions dbc:Festivals_established_in_1351 dbc:Festivals_established_in_1563 dbc:Fairs_in_England
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43261316
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1115410805
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dbr:Driffield dbr:Shire dbc:Recruitment dbr:Old_Michaelmas_Day dbr:Pack_Monday_Fair dbr:Banbury dbr:Marlborough,_Wiltshire dbr:Statute_of_Apprentices dbr:Black_Death dbr:Shilling dbr:Howden dbr:Beverley n14:Sippers_and_Topers_c1900_Stone.jpg dbr:Warwick n14:Take_Notice_that_the_Cardigan_Hiring_Fair_1861.jpg dbr:East_Riding_of_Yorkshire dbr:Hedon dbr:Kilmarnock dbr:Corn_Production_Act_1917 dbr:Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750 dbr:Southam dbr:Cirencester n14:Tewkesbury_Mop_Fair.jpg dbr:Tewkesbury n14:Three_farm_labourers_waiting_to_be_hired_for_work..jpg dbr:Chipping_Norton dbr:Pocklington dbr:Chipping_Sodbury dbr:Malton,_North_Yorkshire dbr:Patrington dbr:Bridlington dbr:Moreton_in_Marsh dbr:Statutes_Fair dbr:Burton_upon_Trent n14:Charles-François_Marchal,_La_foire_aux_servantes.jpg dbr:Hornsea dbc:Autumn_traditions dbr:Job_fair dbr:Sherborne dbr:Daventry dbr:Ledbury dbr:York dbr:Stratford_upon_Avon dbr:Ashby-de-la-Zouch dbr:Constable dbr:Great_Britain dbr:Evesham dbr:Kingston_upon_Hull dbr:Kings_Norton dbc:Festivals_established_in_1351 dbr:Edward_III_of_England dbr:Statute_of_Labourers dbc:Festivals_established_in_1563 dbr:Dudsday dbr:Martinmas dbr:Ireland dbr:Alcester dbc:Fairs_in_England
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wikidata:Q5769830 dbpedia-ja:雇用市 n16:4maVq freebase:m.09gnk3t
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dbt:Short_description dbt:Reflist
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n10:Three_farm_labourers_waiting_to_be_hired_for_work..jpg?width=300
dbo:abstract
Hiring fairs, also called statute or mop fairs, were regular events in pre-modern Great Britain and Ireland where labourers were hired for fixed terms. They date from the time of Edward III, and his attempt to regulate the labour market by the Statute of Labourers in 1351 at a time of a serious national shortage of labour after the Black Death. Subsequent legislation, in particular the Statute of Apprentices of 1563, legislated for a particular day when the high constables of the shire would proclaim the stipulated rates of pay and conditions of employment for the following year. Because so many people gathered at a fair, it quickly turned into the major place for matching workers and employers. Hiring fairs continued well into the 20th century, up to the Second World War in some places but their function as employment exchanges was diminished by the Corn Production Act 1917. This legislation guaranteed minimum prices for wheat and oats, specified a minimum wage for agricultural workers and established the Agricultural Wages Board, to ensure stability for farmers and a share of this stability for agricultural workers. Annual hiring fairs were held, during Martinmas week at the end of November, in the market towns of the East Riding of Yorkshire in places like Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Hedon, Hornsea, Howden, Hull, Malton, Patrington, Pocklington, and York. Both male and female agricultural servants would gather in order to bargain with prospective employers and, hopefully, secure a position for the coming year. The yearly hiring included board and lodging for single employees for the whole year with wages being paid at the end of the year's service. These fairs attracted all the other trappings of a fair, and they turned into major feasts in their own right, and attracted poor reputations for the drunkenness and immorality involved. Later, when wage rates and conditions were no longer officially set, the hiring fair remained a useful institution, especially as much employment in rural areas was by annual agreement. Prospective workers would gather in the street or market place, often sporting some sort of badge or tool to denote their speciality. Shepherds held a crook or a tuft of wool, cowmen brought wisps of straw, dairymaids carried a milking stool or pail and housemaids held brooms or mops; this is why some hiring fairs were known as mop fairs. Employers would look them over and, if they were thought fit, hire them for the coming year, handing over a shilling to seal the arrangement. 雇用市（こよういち）又はモップ市は14世紀から20世紀初めごろまでイギリスで行われた年毎の使用人の雇用を決める市（いち）。雇用市は、黒死病の結果生じた労働者不足を受けてイングランド王エドワード3世が制定したにより始まった。秋、特にの日（9月29日）、後にグレゴリオ暦が用いられるようになってからは10月10日に行われることが多かった。 雇用を求める者は自分の職業を示す道具（家事手伝いであればモップ）を目印として持ち、雇用者にアピールした。市に合わせて屋台や見世物も行われた。
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wikipedia-en:Hiring_and_mop_fairs?oldid=1115410805&ns=0
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wikipedia-en:Hiring_and_mop_fairs