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Subject Item
dbr:Hogback_(geology)
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Crêt ホッグバック Hogback 豬背嶺 Hogback (geology) Skalní zeď حيد ظهر الخنزير Abaulamento (geologia) Schichtrippe
rdfs:comment
Een hogback is een cuesta-achtige geomorfologische vorm. In tegenstelling tot de cuesta, waarbij de helling van de cuestarug slechts zwak is, is de helling van het gesteente hier groter dan 25°. Een hogback kan door obsequente riviertjes (riviertjes die zich doorheen het cuestafront insnijden) aanleiding geven tot een landschap met strijkijzers (flatirons): naast elkaar gelegen driehoekige structuren waarvan de punt telkens gevormd wordt door het deel van de hogback dat nog niet weggeërodeerd is. 豬背嶺（hogback ridge或hogback），或稱豚背山，是一種地形，指當侵蝕傾斜排列的岩層後，形成兩邊山坡極斜的山。其形成的環境與單面山類似，都是硬和軟的岩層排列，但地層傾斜度較大，以致軟的岩層被侵蝕後，不僅軟的一面，未被侵蝕而保留的硬岩層的一面坡度也很大。 Als Schichtrippe wird eine in der geologischen Vergangenheit durch tektonische Prozesse relativ stark verkippte oder sogar senkrecht gestellte Schicht aus Sedimentgesteinen bezeichnet, die heute über die Geländeoberfläche hinausragt, da sie eine höhere Verwitterungs- und Erosionsresistenz besitzt als die sie über- oder unterlagernden Schichten (Kompetenzkontrast). Beispiele für besonders prominente Schichtrippen in Deutschland sind: * die Teufelsmauer im Nördlichen Harzvorland * die Externsteine im Teutoburger Wald * der Ith-Kamm im Weserbergland * die Richelsley in der westlichen Nordeifel In geology and geomorphology, a hogback or hog's back is a long, narrow ridge or a series of hills with a narrow crest and steep slopes of nearly equal inclination on both flanks. Typically, the term is restricted to a ridge created by the differential erosion of outcropping, steeply dipping (greater than 30–40°), homoclinal, and typically sedimentary strata. One side of a hogback (its backslope) consists of the surface (bedding plane) of a steeply dipping rock stratum called a dip slope. The other side (its escarpment, frontslope or "scarp slope") is an erosion face that cuts through the dipping strata that comprises the hogback. The name "hogback" comes from the Hog's Back of the North Downs in Surrey, England, which refers to the landform's resemblance in outline to the back of a hog. T ホッグバック (Hogback) は組織地形の一。地質構造を反映した差別侵食により形成された山地。であり、ケスタと類似しているが、地層の傾斜角が急であり、緩斜面を有さないものを指す。 地殻運動により地層が急傾斜で地表に露出した地形において、軟らかい地層が浸食を受け取り除かれ、侵食の抵抗度の高い地層部が残され山地となったものである。地層の分布・走向に応じてホッグバックの山地も連なった形状を持つ。抵抗度の高い地層部の地層面と山地の傾斜面が一致することはケスタ背面と同等であるが、ケスタより傾斜が大きいことで区分がなされている。 Le crêt est un terme utilisé dans les reliefs de plissement pour désigner les corniches rocheuses situées en bordure des combes anticlinales. Um Abaulamento (hogback em inglês, ou crêt em francês) designa em geologia e em geomorfologia estrutural uma cadeia de encostas escarpadas, ou uma ondulação da linha de cume. É [no âmbito das montanhas] um conjunto compacto e rígido de cumes (tergos) estreitos e longos, ou uma série de morros (colinas) com uma cumeeira geralmente estreita e encostas íngremes de inclinação quase igual em ambos os flancos. O termo abaulamento é utilizado para descrever dobraduras do relevo ou para designar saliências rochosas que marcam fronteira com vales anticlinais. Corresponde a uma deformação que provoca o encurvamento de camadas com dobras de grande curvatura e inclinações divergentes para o exterior. A estrutura resultante é assim do tipo domo. Skalní zeď je geomorfologický termín označující skalní tělesa ve tvaru zdi. Skalní zdi se podle původu hornin, z nichž jsou utvořeny, dělí na endogenní a exogenní. Zatímco endogenní zdi vznikly v důsledku proniknutí magmatu do vertikálních či strmých puklin, exogenní byly utvořeny uložením sedimentárních hornin. Nad povrchem se tyto zdi tyčí buď proto, že měkčí horniny byly postupně z jejich okolí odneseny v důsledku eroze a následných denudačních procesů, nebo že v dané lokalitě došlo k tektonickému vyzdvižení sedimentárních souvrství s odolnějšími polohami hornin. Z odborného hlediska mají skalní zdi význam pro studium starých zlomů v tektonických deskách a procesů vývoje zemského reliéfu. حَيْد ظهر الخنزير والجمع أحياد وحُيُود. هو جرف من الأرض ينشأ في الطبقات ذوات الميل الشديد فيكون جانب المنحدر الميل مساويًا تقريبًا لجانب الجرف مكونًا حيدًا يشبه ظهر الخنزير.
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In geology and geomorphology, a hogback or hog's back is a long, narrow ridge or a series of hills with a narrow crest and steep slopes of nearly equal inclination on both flanks. Typically, the term is restricted to a ridge created by the differential erosion of outcropping, steeply dipping (greater than 30–40°), homoclinal, and typically sedimentary strata. One side of a hogback (its backslope) consists of the surface (bedding plane) of a steeply dipping rock stratum called a dip slope. The other side (its escarpment, frontslope or "scarp slope") is an erosion face that cuts through the dipping strata that comprises the hogback. The name "hogback" comes from the Hog's Back of the North Downs in Surrey, England, which refers to the landform's resemblance in outline to the back of a hog. The term is also sometimes applied to drumlins and, in Maine, to both eskers and ridges known as "horsebacks". Hogbacks are a typical regional topographic expression of outcrops of steeply dipping strata, commonly sedimentary strata, that consist of alternating beds of hard, well-lithified strata, i.e. sandstone and limestone, and either weak or loosely cemented strata, i.e. shale, mudstone, and marl. The surface of a hard, erosion-resistant layer forms the back slope (dip-slope) of the hogback where weaker strata have been preferentially stripped off of it by erosion. The opposite slope that forms the front of a hogback, which is its escarpment or scarp, consists of a slope that cuts across the bedding of the strata. Because of the steeply dipping nature of the strata that forms a hogback, a slight shift in location may take place as the landscape is lowered by erosion, but it will be a matter of feet rather than miles, as might happen with cuestas. All gradations occur between hogbacks, homoclinal ridges, and cuestas. The differences between these landforms are related to the steepness in dip of the resistant beds from which they have been eroded and to their geographic extent. Where each type occurs depends upon whether the local rock attitudes are either nearly vertical, moderately dipping, or gently dipping. Because of their gradational nature, the exact angle of dip and slope that separates these landforms is arbitrary and some differences in the specific angles used to define these landforms can be found in the scientific literature. It also can be difficult to distinguish immediately adjacent members of this series of landforms. Skalní zeď je geomorfologický termín označující skalní tělesa ve tvaru zdi. Skalní zdi se podle původu hornin, z nichž jsou utvořeny, dělí na endogenní a exogenní. Zatímco endogenní zdi vznikly v důsledku proniknutí magmatu do vertikálních či strmých puklin, exogenní byly utvořeny uložením sedimentárních hornin. Nad povrchem se tyto zdi tyčí buď proto, že měkčí horniny byly postupně z jejich okolí odneseny v důsledku eroze a následných denudačních procesů, nebo že v dané lokalitě došlo k tektonickému vyzdvižení sedimentárních souvrství s odolnějšími polohami hornin. Z odborného hlediska mají skalní zdi význam pro studium starých zlomů v tektonických deskách a procesů vývoje zemského reliéfu. حَيْد ظهر الخنزير والجمع أحياد وحُيُود. هو جرف من الأرض ينشأ في الطبقات ذوات الميل الشديد فيكون جانب المنحدر الميل مساويًا تقريبًا لجانب الجرف مكونًا حيدًا يشبه ظهر الخنزير. Als Schichtrippe wird eine in der geologischen Vergangenheit durch tektonische Prozesse relativ stark verkippte oder sogar senkrecht gestellte Schicht aus Sedimentgesteinen bezeichnet, die heute über die Geländeoberfläche hinausragt, da sie eine höhere Verwitterungs- und Erosionsresistenz besitzt als die sie über- oder unterlagernden Schichten (Kompetenzkontrast). Beispiele für besonders prominente Schichtrippen in Deutschland sind: * die Teufelsmauer im Nördlichen Harzvorland * die Externsteine im Teutoburger Wald * der Ith-Kamm im Weserbergland * die Richelsley in der westlichen Nordeifel Le crêt est un terme utilisé dans les reliefs de plissement pour désigner les corniches rocheuses situées en bordure des combes anticlinales. 豬背嶺（hogback ridge或hogback），或稱豚背山，是一種地形，指當侵蝕傾斜排列的岩層後，形成兩邊山坡極斜的山。其形成的環境與單面山類似，都是硬和軟的岩層排列，但地層傾斜度較大，以致軟的岩層被侵蝕後，不僅軟的一面，未被侵蝕而保留的硬岩層的一面坡度也很大。 ホッグバック (Hogback) は組織地形の一。地質構造を反映した差別侵食により形成された山地。であり、ケスタと類似しているが、地層の傾斜角が急であり、緩斜面を有さないものを指す。 地殻運動により地層が急傾斜で地表に露出した地形において、軟らかい地層が浸食を受け取り除かれ、侵食の抵抗度の高い地層部が残され山地となったものである。地層の分布・走向に応じてホッグバックの山地も連なった形状を持つ。抵抗度の高い地層部の地層面と山地の傾斜面が一致することはケスタ背面と同等であるが、ケスタより傾斜が大きいことで区分がなされている。 Um Abaulamento (hogback em inglês, ou crêt em francês) designa em geologia e em geomorfologia estrutural uma cadeia de encostas escarpadas, ou uma ondulação da linha de cume. É [no âmbito das montanhas] um conjunto compacto e rígido de cumes (tergos) estreitos e longos, ou uma série de morros (colinas) com uma cumeeira geralmente estreita e encostas íngremes de inclinação quase igual em ambos os flancos. O termo abaulamento é utilizado para descrever dobraduras do relevo ou para designar saliências rochosas que marcam fronteira com vales anticlinais. Corresponde a uma deformação que provoca o encurvamento de camadas com dobras de grande curvatura e inclinações divergentes para o exterior. A estrutura resultante é assim do tipo domo. Existem, abaulamentos em Portugal, por exemplo os abaulamentos monoclinais do Maciço Calcário Estremenho. Een hogback is een cuesta-achtige geomorfologische vorm. In tegenstelling tot de cuesta, waarbij de helling van de cuestarug slechts zwak is, is de helling van het gesteente hier groter dan 25°. Een hogback kan door obsequente riviertjes (riviertjes die zich doorheen het cuestafront insnijden) aanleiding geven tot een landschap met strijkijzers (flatirons): naast elkaar gelegen driehoekige structuren waarvan de punt telkens gevormd wordt door het deel van de hogback dat nog niet weggeërodeerd is.
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