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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Home_market_effect
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自国市場効果 Home market effect Efecto mercado interno
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El efecto mercado interno es una hipotética razón explicativa de la concentración de determinadas industrias en mercados grandes. El concepto forma parte de la nueva teoría del comercio y se deriva de modelos que incorporan rendimientos de escala y costes de transporte. Cuando existen rendimientos de escala que hacen más barato para una empresa producir en una única localización, la empresa se situará en el mercado donde se concentra la mayor parte de la demanda de su producto, reduciendo así los costes de transporte.​ El resto de mercados se abastecerían a través de exportaciones. El efecto mercado interno implica de esta forma una relación entre tamaño del mercado y exportaciones que no es identificada por los modelos tradicionales basados en el concepto de ventaja comparativa.​ 自国市場効果（じこくしじょうこうか、英: The home market effect）とは、市場規模が大きいとその国の需要を満たす以上の規模の産業が集積するようになる効果のこと。に最初に提示され、ポール・クルーグマンの1980年の論文で体系的に整理された。 The home market effect is a hypothesized concentration of certain industries in large markets. The home market effect became part of New Trade Theory. Through trade theory, the home market effect is derived from models with returns to scale and transportation costs. When it is cheaper for an industry to operate in a single country because of returns to scale, an industry will base itself in the country where most of its products are consumed in order to minimize transportation costs. The home market effect implies a link between market size and exports that is not accounted for in trade models based solely on comparative advantage.
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dbr:New_Trade_Theory dbr:Linder_hypothesis dbr:Comparative_advantage dbr:Economies_of_scale dbr:Paul_Krugman dbc:International_trade_theory dbr:Returns_to_scale
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自国市場効果（じこくしじょうこうか、英: The home market effect）とは、市場規模が大きいとその国の需要を満たす以上の規模の産業が集積するようになる効果のこと。に最初に提示され、ポール・クルーグマンの1980年の論文で体系的に整理された。 El efecto mercado interno es una hipotética razón explicativa de la concentración de determinadas industrias en mercados grandes. El concepto forma parte de la nueva teoría del comercio y se deriva de modelos que incorporan rendimientos de escala y costes de transporte. Cuando existen rendimientos de escala que hacen más barato para una empresa producir en una única localización, la empresa se situará en el mercado donde se concentra la mayor parte de la demanda de su producto, reduciendo así los costes de transporte.​ El resto de mercados se abastecerían a través de exportaciones. El efecto mercado interno implica de esta forma una relación entre tamaño del mercado y exportaciones que no es identificada por los modelos tradicionales basados en el concepto de ventaja comparativa.​ El efecto mercado interno fue propuesto por Corden​ y posteriormente desarrollado por Paul Krugman en 1980.​ The home market effect is a hypothesized concentration of certain industries in large markets. The home market effect became part of New Trade Theory. Through trade theory, the home market effect is derived from models with returns to scale and transportation costs. When it is cheaper for an industry to operate in a single country because of returns to scale, an industry will base itself in the country where most of its products are consumed in order to minimize transportation costs. The home market effect implies a link between market size and exports that is not accounted for in trade models based solely on comparative advantage. The home market effect first proposed by Corden and was developed by Paul Krugman in a 1980 article. Krugman sought to provide an alternative to the Linder hypothesis. Based on recent research, the home market effect confirms Linder's sentiment that a nation's demand is a predicate for its exports, but does not support Linder's claim that differences in countries' preferences impede trade. Krugman's model yields two related predictions regarding the effects of market size asymmetries on the geographic distribution of industry activity. Krugman (1980) demonstrates that a country with larger consumers of an industry's goods will run a trade surplus in that industry characterized by economies of scale. Helpman and Krugman (1985) show that the larger country's share of firms in that increasing returns industry exceed its share of consumers. Thus, a further development in the literature has been to examine the robustness of the home market effects (HMEs) under different modeling assumptions. In the empirical literature, Head et al. (2001) show that, from a panel of U.S. and Canada, an increasing returns model where varieties linking to firms predicts HMEs. In contrast, a constant returns model with national product differentiation predicts reverse HMEs. Feenstra et al. (2001) also find reverse HMEs in a 'reciprocal-dumping' model. Behrens et al. (2005) further apply to a cross-section of OECD and non-OECD countries, and their main finding strongly backs the HMEs prediction, especially between OECD countries. Huang et al. (2007) derive the gravity equation, using the U.S. patent stock of 2002 for six industries, and find that the more the technology intensity of an industry, the higher the effect of the technology advantage to offset HMEs and more likely to reverse the HMEs. On theoretical side, Davis (1998) shows that if both homogeneous and differentiated goods have identical transport costs, then the HMEs disappear. Head et al. (2002) considers four kinds of horizontal product differentiation models to examine the pervasiveness of the HMEs. Reverse HMEs are found based on the Markusen-Venables (1988) model that varieties are linking to nations rather than firms. Behrens (2005) discusses the HMEs in the context of regional economics. When non-traded goods are taken into consideration, the HMEs may be offset, whereas a reverse HME may arise. Yu (2005) shows that if consumer preference follows the form of a constant demand elasticity of substitution between the homogeneous and the composite of differentiated goods, then the reverse HMEs may occur depending on the level of elasticity.
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