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dbr:Korean_pottery_and_porcelain
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Korean pottery and porcelain 한국의 토기와 도자기 朝鲜陶瓷 Tembikar dan keramik Korea Cerámica y porcelana coreana Корейская керамика Céramique coréenne Ceramica coreana
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한국의 토기와 도자기는 기원전 8000년경부터 만들어지기 시작한 것으로 파악된다. 서구에 비해 상대적으로 오랜 기간 정치적으로 안정적이었던 까닭에 지역 고유의 전통과 장인 기술이 확립되었다. 신석기 시대의 토기는 독특한 햇빛을 상징하는 기하학적인 무늬와 빗살무늬무늬가 장식되어있다. 한반도 남부 지방에서는 민무늬토기가 유행했다. 민무늬토기에 빨간색과 검은색을 내기 위해 특별한 광물을 사용하기도 했다. 시대가 흐르며 한국의 독자적인 형태인 달항아리, 분청사기, 고려청자 및 조선 철학 사사의 영향을 받은 최소주의적 양식이 나타났다. 임진왜란 당시 한국의 도예가들이 일본으로 끌려갔는데, 그 중 이삼평은 일본에서 이마리야키의 시대를 열었다. 이외에도 심당길과 박평의는 를 만들어 현대까지 그 맥이 이어지고 있다. La céramique coréenne apparaît vers 10 000 avant notre ère, dans des cultures du Paléolithique ou opérant la transition entre Paléolithique supérieur et néolithisation. Il s'agit, ensuite, au Néolithique, de formes simples, aux légers reliefs qui facilitent la préhension. Bien avant la constitution des premiers royaumes, l'espace culturel coréen était en relation avec ses voisins et des similitudes dans les céramiques peuvent en témoigner dès cette époque lointaine. La ceramica coreana appare verso il 10 000 prima della nostra era, nelle culture del Paleolitico o in corso di transizione tra il Paleolitico superiore e la neolitizzazione. Si tratta in seguito, nel Neolitico, di forme semplici, con leggeri rilievi che facilitano la presa. Ben prima della costituzione dei primi regni, lo spazio culturale coreano era in relazione con i suoi vicini e alcune similitudini nelle ceramiche possono testimoniarlo. Tembikar dan keramik Korea adalah jenis barang-baran yang terbuat dari tanah liat yang secara umum dapat dibagi menjadi 2 kategori, yang ber dan tak berglasir. Tembikar tak berglasir termasuk tembikar dengan dekorasi yang berasal dari Zaman Neolitikum, tembikar corak polos dari Zaman Perunggu, tembikar abu-abu dari periode Tiga Kerajaan Korea, keramik abu-abu dari periode Goryeo dan Joseon dan guci tembikar berwarna coklat tua dari zaman modern yang dinamai . Tembikar berglasir dimulai dengan dan tembikar glasir hitam dari abad ke-9 periode Silla yang ditemukan di situs tungku serta onggi yang bercirikhas glasir coklat tua yang digunakan untuk menyimpan makanan. Perabotan dari tembikar, baik yang berglasir maupun tidak, telah digunakan dari zaman prasejarah sampai sekarang dan digunakan Korean ceramic history begins with the oldest earthenware from around 8000 BC.Throughout the history, the Korean peninsula has been home to lively, innovative, and sophisticated art making. Long period of stability have allowed for the establishment of spiritual traditions, and artisan technologies specific to the region. Korean ceramics in Neolithic period have a unique geometric patterns of sunshine, or it's decorated with twists. In Southern part of Korea, Mumun pottery were popular. Mumun togi used specific minerals to make colors of red and black. Korean pottery developed a distinct style of its own, with its own shapes, such as the moon jar or Buncheong sagi which is a new form between earthenware and porcelain, white clay inlay celadon of Goryeo, and later styles like minimalism tha 朝鲜陶瓷开始于。9世纪后期，统一新罗从中国引进制瓷技术，是世界上最早引进制瓷技术的国家之一。12世纪，青瓷在朝鲜半岛的发展达到鼎盛，创造出翡色青瓷、镶嵌青瓷等独具特色的高丽青瓷。高丽也因此成为蜚声海外的东亚瓷器出口国。学术界有观点认为高丽青瓷在某些方面甚至超越了其母体宋代青瓷。朝鲜王朝时期，朝鲜陶瓷在“尚白”的风尚下由青瓷经粉青沙器过渡到朝鲜白瓷。通过学习、借鉴中国瓷器，朝鲜烧制出纯白瓷、镶嵌白瓷、铁画白瓷等具有本土特色的瓷器品种，并结合本民族审美艺术创造出朝鲜白瓷独具特色的风格。。 朝鲜陶瓷对日本陶瓷的发展影响甚大。日本古坟时代的，以及万历朝鲜战争之后的有田烧、萨摩烧等都是从朝鲜半岛传入日本的。万历朝鲜战争期间，朝鲜瓷匠将制瓷技术从朝鲜传入日本，使日本从陶器时代进入瓷器时代。 La historia de cerámica coreana empieza con la forma más antigua loza de barro que data aproxadamente a 8000 BC. Ganado la influencia desde China, la cerámica coreana conserva su distinto estilo por la misma con su única forma, notablemente tarro de luna o versión maebyeong de florero "meiping" china y un estilo más poterior con su decoración. La moda de la cerámica y porcelana coreana tenía una influencia sobre cerámica y porcelana japonesa.​ Los ejemplos destacados coreanos son el celadón de Goryeo (918-1392) y la porcelana blanca de Joseon. (1392–1897) Гончарство и фарфор в Корее — совокупность техник, приёмов и изделий из керамики и фарфора в Корее, которые прошли долгую историю развития в разные эпохи корейской истории.
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La céramique coréenne apparaît vers 10 000 avant notre ère, dans des cultures du Paléolithique ou opérant la transition entre Paléolithique supérieur et néolithisation. Il s'agit, ensuite, au Néolithique, de formes simples, aux légers reliefs qui facilitent la préhension. Bien avant la constitution des premiers royaumes, l'espace culturel coréen était en relation avec ses voisins et des similitudes dans les céramiques peuvent en témoigner dès cette époque lointaine. Ensuite la céramique coréenne continue d'inventer de nouvelles formes tout en intégrant certains éléments techniques de la céramique chinoise, comme le grès et les glaçures, puis la proto-porcelaine, en raison de l'occupation d'une partie du pays par la Chine, de 108 avant l'ère commune (AEC) à 313 de l'ère commune (EC), mais surtout en raison de sa proximité, en particulier avec ses colonies que le royaumes coréen de Baekje entretient au sein de l'empire chinois. Puis, sous la dynastie Goryeo (918 - 1392) elle s'inspire à nouveau de la céramique chinoise et reprend le procédé des grès à couverte vert céladon, mais pour les appliquer, avec un brio célébré par les Chinois eux-mêmes, à des formes d'un bel esprit créatif et, pour une part importante de la production à des techniques décoratives propres à la Corée : un art de la céramique « gravée », incisée, proche de l'art du bronze lors de la ciselure, de l'incrustation et du damasquinage. Dans ces luxueuses céramiques Goryeo la couleur verte se fait plus discrète qu'en Chine. La période Joseon (1392 à 1910) voit de nouvelles formes de grès, plus épurées, des matières plus modestes et un travail plus spontané qui est apprécié au Japon voisin : la céramique buncheong où la barbotine blanche tient une place importante. Dans le même temps, à côté de cet art tout dans l'économie des moyens, se développe aussi le goût pour des porcelaines blanches d'une grande pureté de formes, ainsi que des porcelaines peintes, « bleu et blanc » ou peintes en brun de fer, voire avec le rouge de l'oxyde de cuivre. Le geste du peintre coréen y garde toujours sa simplicité d'expression, sa vitesse et sa fantaisie. La historia de cerámica coreana empieza con la forma más antigua loza de barro que data aproxadamente a 8000 BC. Ganado la influencia desde China, la cerámica coreana conserva su distinto estilo por la misma con su única forma, notablemente tarro de luna o versión maebyeong de florero "meiping" china y un estilo más poterior con su decoración. La moda de la cerámica y porcelana coreana tenía una influencia sobre cerámica y porcelana japonesa.​ Los ejemplos destacados coreanos son el celadón de Goryeo (918-1392) y la porcelana blanca de Joseon. (1392–1897) Гончарство и фарфор в Корее — совокупность техник, приёмов и изделий из керамики и фарфора в Корее, которые прошли долгую историю развития в разные эпохи корейской истории. La ceramica coreana appare verso il 10 000 prima della nostra era, nelle culture del Paleolitico o in corso di transizione tra il Paleolitico superiore e la neolitizzazione. Si tratta in seguito, nel Neolitico, di forme semplici, con leggeri rilievi che facilitano la presa. Ben prima della costituzione dei primi regni, lo spazio culturale coreano era in relazione con i suoi vicini e alcune similitudini nelle ceramiche possono testimoniarlo. In seguito la ceramica coreana si ispira alla ceramica cinese, data l'occupazione di una parte del paese ad opera della Cina dal 108 a.C. al 313 d.C. Essa sa trarre profitto dall'occupazione del suo territorio da parte della Cina della dinastia Han integrando certe novità nella sua pratica, ma utilizza elementi stilistici originali fin dall'epoca dei Tre Regni di Corea (tra il I secolo a.C. e il VI secolo d.C.). Poi, sotto la dinastia Goryeo (918 - 1392) si ispira di nuovo alla ceramica cinese e riprende il procedimento dei grès con coperta verde celadon, ma per applicarli, con un brio celebrato dagli stessi Cinesi, a forme con un bello spirito creativo e, per una parte importante della produzione, a tecniche decorative proprie della Corea: un'arte della ceramica «scolpita», incisa, vicina all'arte del bronzo durante la cesellatura, dell'incrostazione e della damaschinatura. In queste lussuose ceramiche Goryeo il colore verde si fa più discreto che in Cina. Il periodo Joseon (dal 1392 al 1910) vede nuove forne di grès, più depurate, materie più modeste e un lavoro più spontaneo che è apprezzato nel vicino Giappone: la ceramica buncheong dove la barbottina bianca ha un posto importante. Nello stesso tempo, a fianco di quest'arte tutta nell'economia dei mezzi, si sviluppa anche il gusto per porcellane bianche di una grande purezza di forme, oltre che per porcellane dipinte, «blu e bianco» o dipinte in bruno ferro, se non addirittura con il rosso dell'ossido di rame. Il gesto del pittore coreano vi mantiene sempre la sua semplicità di espressione, la sua velocità e la sua fantasia. Korean ceramic history begins with the oldest earthenware from around 8000 BC.Throughout the history, the Korean peninsula has been home to lively, innovative, and sophisticated art making. Long period of stability have allowed for the establishment of spiritual traditions, and artisan technologies specific to the region. Korean ceramics in Neolithic period have a unique geometric patterns of sunshine, or it's decorated with twists. In Southern part of Korea, Mumun pottery were popular. Mumun togi used specific minerals to make colors of red and black. Korean pottery developed a distinct style of its own, with its own shapes, such as the moon jar or Buncheong sagi which is a new form between earthenware and porcelain, white clay inlay celadon of Goryeo, and later styles like minimalism that represents Korean Joseon philosophers' idea. Many talented Korean potters were captured and brought to Japan during the invasions of Korea, where they heavily contributed to advancing Japanese pottery. Arita ware, founded by Yi Sam-pyeong opened a new era of porcelain in Japan. Another Japanese representative porcelain, Satsuma ware was also founded by Dang-gil Shim and Pyeong-ui Park. 14th generation of Su-kwan Shim have been using the same name to his grandfather and father to honor they are originally Korean, 14th Su-kwan Shim is honorable citizen of Namwon, Korea. 朝鲜陶瓷开始于。9世纪后期，统一新罗从中国引进制瓷技术，是世界上最早引进制瓷技术的国家之一。12世纪，青瓷在朝鲜半岛的发展达到鼎盛，创造出翡色青瓷、镶嵌青瓷等独具特色的高丽青瓷。高丽也因此成为蜚声海外的东亚瓷器出口国。学术界有观点认为高丽青瓷在某些方面甚至超越了其母体宋代青瓷。朝鲜王朝时期，朝鲜陶瓷在“尚白”的风尚下由青瓷经粉青沙器过渡到朝鲜白瓷。通过学习、借鉴中国瓷器，朝鲜烧制出纯白瓷、镶嵌白瓷、铁画白瓷等具有本土特色的瓷器品种，并结合本民族审美艺术创造出朝鲜白瓷独具特色的风格。。 朝鲜陶瓷对日本陶瓷的发展影响甚大。日本古坟时代的，以及万历朝鲜战争之后的有田烧、萨摩烧等都是从朝鲜半岛传入日本的。万历朝鲜战争期间，朝鲜瓷匠将制瓷技术从朝鲜传入日本，使日本从陶器时代进入瓷器时代。 한국의 토기와 도자기는 기원전 8000년경부터 만들어지기 시작한 것으로 파악된다. 서구에 비해 상대적으로 오랜 기간 정치적으로 안정적이었던 까닭에 지역 고유의 전통과 장인 기술이 확립되었다. 신석기 시대의 토기는 독특한 햇빛을 상징하는 기하학적인 무늬와 빗살무늬무늬가 장식되어있다. 한반도 남부 지방에서는 민무늬토기가 유행했다. 민무늬토기에 빨간색과 검은색을 내기 위해 특별한 광물을 사용하기도 했다. 시대가 흐르며 한국의 독자적인 형태인 달항아리, 분청사기, 고려청자 및 조선 철학 사사의 영향을 받은 최소주의적 양식이 나타났다. 임진왜란 당시 한국의 도예가들이 일본으로 끌려갔는데, 그 중 이삼평은 일본에서 이마리야키의 시대를 열었다. 이외에도 심당길과 박평의는 를 만들어 현대까지 그 맥이 이어지고 있다. Tembikar dan keramik Korea adalah jenis barang-baran yang terbuat dari tanah liat yang secara umum dapat dibagi menjadi 2 kategori, yang ber dan tak berglasir. Tembikar tak berglasir termasuk tembikar dengan dekorasi yang berasal dari Zaman Neolitikum, tembikar corak polos dari Zaman Perunggu, tembikar abu-abu dari periode Tiga Kerajaan Korea, keramik abu-abu dari periode Goryeo dan Joseon dan guci tembikar berwarna coklat tua dari zaman modern yang dinamai . Tembikar berglasir dimulai dengan dan tembikar glasir hitam dari abad ke-9 periode Silla yang ditemukan di situs tungku serta onggi yang bercirikhas glasir coklat tua yang digunakan untuk menyimpan makanan. Perabotan dari tembikar, baik yang berglasir maupun tidak, telah digunakan dari zaman prasejarah sampai sekarang dan digunakan secara luas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari orang Korea.
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