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List of Roman gladiator types Lista över romerska gladiatortyper Gladiatorengattungen Categorie di gladiatori romani Типи гладіаторів Types de gladiateurs Типы гладиаторов
rdfs:comment
Denna artikel innehåller en lista över romerska gladiatortyper. Список типів гладіаторів включає різні типи гладіаторів залежно від їхнього озброєння, а також терміни, які уживали щодо різних посад, пов'язаних з гладіаторською підготовкою та боями. There were many different types of gladiators in ancient Rome. Some of the first gladiators had been prisoners-of-war, and so some of the earliest types of gladiators were experienced fighters; Gauls, Samnites, and Thraeces (Thracians) used their native weapons and armor. Different gladiator types specialized in specific weapons and fighting techniques. Combatants were usually pitted against opponents with different, but more or less equivalent equipment, for the sake of a fair and balanced contest. Most gladiators only fought others from within the same school or ludus, but sometimes specific gladiators could be requested to fight one from another ludus. In den römischen Arenen kämpften eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Gladiatorengattungen, die sich im Laufe der Jahrhunderte entwickelten. Der Reiz der Kämpfe lag auch darin, unterschiedliche Gladiatorengattungen gegeneinander antreten zu lassen. Ursprung und Ablauf der Gladiatorenkämpfe sind im Artikel Gladiator beschrieben. Nelle arene romane combattevano diverse figure gladiatorie, le quali conobbero una evoluzione nel corso dei secoli in merito alle loro caratteristiche. L'attrattiva del combattimento si basava anche sul fatto di permettere a differenti classi di gladiatori di combattere. La maggior parte delle conoscenze a proposito delle armi utilizzate dai gladiatori proviene dagli scavi di Pompei. Numerosi reperti sono stati infatti portati alla luce dalla "caserma dei gladiatori" e depositati in esposizione presso il Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli. Tale conoscenza viene integrata da statuette, lapidi, affreschi, bassorilievi, mosaici, lucerne rappresentanti gladiatori. Les types de gladiateurs, que les Romains appelaient armaturae, apparaissent progressivement au cours de l'histoire de la gladiature romaine. Cette apparition correspond au souci des organisateurs de pimenter les affrontements en appariant deux panoplies et deux techniques de combat. L'évolution de certaines catégories donnant finalement naissance à d'autres reflète le souci d'équilibrer les combats en opposant des catégories différentes mais de même efficacité. Les premiers types à avoir vu le jour sont généralement qualifiés d'« ethniques », parce que leur nom et leur équipement correspondent à celui de peuples ayant combattu Rome. Apparaissent ensuite des types « techniques », dont le nom évoque une technique de combat. Типы гладиаторов различались в зависимости от их вооружения, а также применительно к различным должностям, связанным с гладиаторской подготовкой и боями.
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Les types de gladiateurs, que les Romains appelaient armaturae, apparaissent progressivement au cours de l'histoire de la gladiature romaine. Cette apparition correspond au souci des organisateurs de pimenter les affrontements en appariant deux panoplies et deux techniques de combat. L'évolution de certaines catégories donnant finalement naissance à d'autres reflète le souci d'équilibrer les combats en opposant des catégories différentes mais de même efficacité. Les premiers types à avoir vu le jour sont généralement qualifiés d'« ethniques », parce que leur nom et leur équipement correspondent à celui de peuples ayant combattu Rome. Apparaissent ensuite des types « techniques », dont le nom évoque une technique de combat. La traduction littérale du terme armatura par armure induit une mauvaise perception du gladiateur que l'on imagine recouvert de la lourde armure des chevaliers médiévaux, d'où la préférence des historiens pour l'équivalent grec d'armatura, la panoplía ou (en) qui désigne un ensemble cohérent d'équipements (les armes non incluses) qui ne sont pas interchangeables entre eux. Denna artikel innehåller en lista över romerska gladiatortyper. Список типів гладіаторів включає різні типи гладіаторів залежно від їхнього озброєння, а також терміни, які уживали щодо різних посад, пов'язаних з гладіаторською підготовкою та боями. Nelle arene romane combattevano diverse figure gladiatorie, le quali conobbero una evoluzione nel corso dei secoli in merito alle loro caratteristiche. L'attrattiva del combattimento si basava anche sul fatto di permettere a differenti classi di gladiatori di combattere. La maggior parte delle conoscenze a proposito delle armi utilizzate dai gladiatori proviene dagli scavi di Pompei. Numerosi reperti sono stati infatti portati alla luce dalla "caserma dei gladiatori" e depositati in esposizione presso il Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli. Tale conoscenza viene integrata da statuette, lapidi, affreschi, bassorilievi, mosaici, lucerne rappresentanti gladiatori. Типы гладиаторов различались в зависимости от их вооружения, а также применительно к различным должностям, связанным с гладиаторской подготовкой и боями. There were many different types of gladiators in ancient Rome. Some of the first gladiators had been prisoners-of-war, and so some of the earliest types of gladiators were experienced fighters; Gauls, Samnites, and Thraeces (Thracians) used their native weapons and armor. Different gladiator types specialized in specific weapons and fighting techniques. Combatants were usually pitted against opponents with different, but more or less equivalent equipment, for the sake of a fair and balanced contest. Most gladiators only fought others from within the same school or ludus, but sometimes specific gladiators could be requested to fight one from another ludus. Elite gladiators wore high-quality decorative armour for the pre-game parade (Pompa). Julius Caesar's gladiators wore silver armour, Domitian's wore golden armour and Nero's wore armour decorated with carved amber. Peacock feathers were used for plumes while tunics and loincloths had patterns in gold thread. For the fighting, functional combat armour was used; this too could be elaborately decorated. Some artistic sources, such as reliefs and mosaics, show gladiators with a various number of tassels hanging from one arm or leg. It has been speculated that they were a form of "scorecard" to show the number of fights a gladiator had won. Contests were managed by arena referees, and were fought under strict rules and etiquette. Combat was probably accompanied by music, whose tempo might have varied to match that of the combat. Typical instruments were a long straight trumpet (tuba), a large curved brass instrument (lituus), and a water organ (organum). During the Imperial period, the games might be preceded by a , a form of comedy show. An image from Pompeii shows a "flute playing bear" (Ursus tibicen) and a "horn-blowing chicken" (Pullus cornicen), that may have been part of such a mimus. In den römischen Arenen kämpften eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Gladiatorengattungen, die sich im Laufe der Jahrhunderte entwickelten. Der Reiz der Kämpfe lag auch darin, unterschiedliche Gladiatorengattungen gegeneinander antreten zu lassen. Ursprung und Ablauf der Gladiatorenkämpfe sind im Artikel Gladiator beschrieben. Die meisten Kenntnisse über die Waffen der Gladiatoren sind den Ausgrabungen in Pompeji zu verdanken, wo viele Ausrüstungsgegenstände aus einer Gladiatorenkaserne gefunden wurden, die heute im Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Neapel aufbewahrt werden. Ergänzt werden die Kenntnisse durch erhalten gebliebene kleine Statuetten und Darstellungen von Gladiatoren auf Grabsteinen, Fresken, Reliefs, Mosaiken und Öllampen.
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