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Subject Item
dbr:List_of_cruisers_of_Germany
rdfs:label
List of cruisers of Germany Liste deutscher Kreuzer 德国巡洋舰 Seznam německých křižníků Lista över tyska kryssare Liste des croiseurs allemands
rdfs:comment
德意志帝國海軍19世纪80年代开始建造巡洋舰，首批巡洋巡防舰和巡洋护卫舰用于取代老化且缺乏作战价值的风帆和蒸汽动力巡防艦与护卫舰。此后几十年两类舰艇数次迭代，分别发展成大巡洋舰和小巡洋舰。各类舰艇负责不同任务，如为主要作战舰队侦察，用于德意志殖民帝国的殖民地巡洋舰。大部分大巡洋舰和小巡洋舰都曾参与第一次世界大战，各主战场都有她们的身影，既有公海的巡逻，也有日德兰海战等北海舰队交战。大部分舰艇在战争期间葬身大海，残留舰艇大多被胜利的协约国当战利品扣押，或在1919年斯卡帕湾被官兵凿沉，或当废料拆解。《凡尔赛条约》强迫德国交出绝大多数剩余舰艇，现役只能保留老旧的前無畏艦和小巡洋舰各六艘，沿用20年才能更换而且排水量不能超过六千吨。 20世纪20年代，德国开始适度重建“国家海军”舰队，首先是1921年的埃姆登号轻巡洋舰，另外五艘轻巡洋舰和三艘新型德国级重巡洋舰紧随其后。20世纪30年代中期，德国订造五艘希佩尔海军上将级重巡洋舰，但只造出三艘。海军更名“战争海军”后，政府于1939年初批准要求建造12艘P級重巡洋舰的“Z计划”，但同年就因第二次世界大战爆发取消。建成的重巡洋舰和轻巡洋舰各六艘，一共只有两艘坚持到战争结束。其一是欧根亲王号重巡洋舰，在1946年“十字路口行动”的核试验时沉没，另一艘紐倫堡號輕巡洋艦在蘇聯海軍服役直到1960年拆解。 Tento seznam obsahuje křižníky Kaiserliche Marine a Kriegsmarine. Diese Liste umfasst alle deutschen Kreuzer. Dazu zählen die Panzerkreuzer, jedoch nicht die Schlachtkreuzer der Kaiserlichen Marine. Beide Typen wurden als Große Kreuzer bezeichnet. Ebenfalls nicht aufgeführt sind die ab 1940 als Schwere Kreuzer bezeichneten Einheiten der Deutschland-Klasse. * Betriebszeit entspricht dem Zeitraum zwischen der Fertigstellung und der Streichung aus dem Flottenregister bzw. der Außerdienststellung. Legende† – gesunken†² – selbst versenkt bzw. gesprengt†³ – in Scapa Flow selbst versenkt§ – nach Verkauf, Beschlagnahme oder Übergabe von fremder Marine weiterverwendet Starting in the 1880s, the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) began building a series of cruisers. The first designs—protected and unprotected—were ordered to replace aging sail and steam-powered frigates and corvettes that were of minimal combat value. After several iterations of each type, these cruisers were developed into armored and light cruisers, respectively, over the following decade. They were built to fill a variety of roles, including scouts for the main battle fleet and colonial cruisers for Germany's overseas empire. The armored cruisers in turn led to the first German battlecruiser, SMS Von der Tann. Lista över tyska kryssare. Den tyska flottan har byggt en stor mängd kryssare av olika slag. De flesta av dessa byggdes under flottans existens som Kaiserliche Marine i Kejsardömet Tyskland. Den första tyska kryssaren byggdes i mitten av 1870-talet, strax efter bildandet av kejsardömet under fransk-tyska kriget. Dessa första fartygen var små snabba fartyg som var baserade på tidigare avisos. Den första armerade kryssaren, , kölsträcktes 1890. Den första pansarkryssaren, , kölsträcktes sex år senare. Denna typ utvecklades så småningom till slagkryssaren, varav det första var SMS Von der Tann. Efter slutet av första världskriget var de flesta av dessa fartyg antingen skrotade, borrade i sank i Scapa Flow eller överlämnade till de segrande allierade. Sept navires : * SMS Prinzess Wilhelm (1887) - 1922 * SMS Kaiserin Augusta (1892) - 1919 * Classe Victoria Louise : dernière classe de croiseur protégé * SMS Victoria Louise (1897) * SMS Hertha (1897) * SMS Freya (1897) * SMS Vineta (1897) * SMS Hansa (1898)
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Diese Liste umfasst alle deutschen Kreuzer. Dazu zählen die Panzerkreuzer, jedoch nicht die Schlachtkreuzer der Kaiserlichen Marine. Beide Typen wurden als Große Kreuzer bezeichnet. Ebenfalls nicht aufgeführt sind die ab 1940 als Schwere Kreuzer bezeichneten Einheiten der Deutschland-Klasse. * Betriebszeit entspricht dem Zeitraum zwischen der Fertigstellung und der Streichung aus dem Flottenregister bzw. der Außerdienststellung. Legende† – gesunken†² – selbst versenkt bzw. gesprengt†³ – in Scapa Flow selbst versenkt§ – nach Verkauf, Beschlagnahme oder Übergabe von fremder Marine weiterverwendet 德意志帝國海軍19世纪80年代开始建造巡洋舰，首批巡洋巡防舰和巡洋护卫舰用于取代老化且缺乏作战价值的风帆和蒸汽动力巡防艦与护卫舰。此后几十年两类舰艇数次迭代，分别发展成大巡洋舰和小巡洋舰。各类舰艇负责不同任务，如为主要作战舰队侦察，用于德意志殖民帝国的殖民地巡洋舰。大部分大巡洋舰和小巡洋舰都曾参与第一次世界大战，各主战场都有她们的身影，既有公海的巡逻，也有日德兰海战等北海舰队交战。大部分舰艇在战争期间葬身大海，残留舰艇大多被胜利的协约国当战利品扣押，或在1919年斯卡帕湾被官兵凿沉，或当废料拆解。《凡尔赛条约》强迫德国交出绝大多数剩余舰艇，现役只能保留老旧的前無畏艦和小巡洋舰各六艘，沿用20年才能更换而且排水量不能超过六千吨。 20世纪20年代，德国开始适度重建“国家海军”舰队，首先是1921年的埃姆登号轻巡洋舰，另外五艘轻巡洋舰和三艘新型德国级重巡洋舰紧随其后。20世纪30年代中期，德国订造五艘希佩尔海军上将级重巡洋舰，但只造出三艘。海军更名“战争海军”后，政府于1939年初批准要求建造12艘P級重巡洋舰的“Z计划”，但同年就因第二次世界大战爆发取消。建成的重巡洋舰和轻巡洋舰各六艘，一共只有两艘坚持到战争结束。其一是欧根亲王号重巡洋舰，在1946年“十字路口行动”的核试验时沉没，另一艘紐倫堡號輕巡洋艦在蘇聯海軍服役直到1960年拆解。 Sept navires : * SMS Prinzess Wilhelm (1887) - 1922 * SMS Kaiserin Augusta (1892) - 1919 * Classe Victoria Louise : dernière classe de croiseur protégé * SMS Victoria Louise (1897) * SMS Hertha (1897) * SMS Freya (1897) * SMS Vineta (1897) * SMS Hansa (1898) Starting in the 1880s, the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) began building a series of cruisers. The first designs—protected and unprotected—were ordered to replace aging sail and steam-powered frigates and corvettes that were of minimal combat value. After several iterations of each type, these cruisers were developed into armored and light cruisers, respectively, over the following decade. They were built to fill a variety of roles, including scouts for the main battle fleet and colonial cruisers for Germany's overseas empire. The armored cruisers in turn led to the first German battlecruiser, SMS Von der Tann. The protected and unprotected cruisers had been withdrawn from active service by the 1910s, though some continued in secondary roles. Most of the armored and light cruisers saw action in World War I, in all of the major theaters of the conflict. Their service ranged from commerce raiding patrols on the open ocean to the fleet engagements in the North Sea such as the Battle of Jutland. Many were sunk in the course of the war, and the majority of the remainder were either seized as war prizes by the victorious Allies, scuttled by their crews in Scapa Flow in 1919, or broken up for scrap. The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to surrender most of its remaining vessels. Only six old pre-dreadnought battleships and six old light cruisers could be kept on active duty. These ships could be replaced when they reached twenty years of age, and the cruisers were limited to a displacement of 6,000 metric tons (5,900 long tons; 6,600 short tons). In the 1920s, Germany began a modest program to rebuild its fleet, now renamed the Reichsmarine. It began with the new light cruiser, Emden, in 1921, followed by five more light cruisers and three new heavy cruisers, the Deutschland class. A further five heavy cruisers—the Admiral Hipper class—were ordered in the mid-1930s, though only the first three were completed. At the same time, the German navy was renamed the Kriegsmarine. Plan Z, a more ambitious reconstruction program that called for twelve P-class cruisers, was approved in early 1939 but was cancelled before the end of the year following the outbreak of World War II. Of the six heavy cruisers and six light cruisers that were finished, only two survived the war. One, Prinz Eugen, was sunk following nuclear weapons tests during Operation Crossroads in 1946; the other, Nürnberg, saw service in the Soviet Navy until she was scrapped around 1960. Tento seznam obsahuje křižníky Kaiserliche Marine a Kriegsmarine. Lista över tyska kryssare. Den tyska flottan har byggt en stor mängd kryssare av olika slag. De flesta av dessa byggdes under flottans existens som Kaiserliche Marine i Kejsardömet Tyskland. Den första tyska kryssaren byggdes i mitten av 1870-talet, strax efter bildandet av kejsardömet under fransk-tyska kriget. Dessa första fartygen var små snabba fartyg som var baserade på tidigare avisos. Den första armerade kryssaren, , kölsträcktes 1890. Den första pansarkryssaren, , kölsträcktes sex år senare. Denna typ utvecklades så småningom till slagkryssaren, varav det första var SMS Von der Tann. Efter slutet av första världskriget var de flesta av dessa fartyg antingen skrotade, borrade i sank i Scapa Flow eller överlämnade till de segrande allierade. På 1920-talet och 1930-talen inledde den tyska flottan, som nu omorganiserats som Reichsmarine, en blygsamt ombyggnadsprogram. Den lätta kryssaren var det första nya fartyget som byggdes. Reichsmarine övervakade också byggandet av Deutschland-klassens tunga kryssare. Dessa fartyg hänvisades i pressen som "fickslagskepp" på grund av deras tunga bestyckning av sex 11-tums (28 cm) kanoner. Efter att det nazistiska partiet kom till makten i mitten av 1930-talet omorganiseras den tyska flottan återigen, den här gången som Kriegsmarine. En mer aggressiv byggnadspolitik startades, vilket inkluderade fem Admiral Hipper-klass kryssare, två och 12 kryssare samt tre slagkryssare. Av dessa fartyg färdigställdes endast tre fartyg av Admiral Hipper-klass. Efter slutet av andra världskriget skrotades i stor del de överlevande fartygen. En, den tunga kryssaren Prinz Eugen, togs över av den amerikanska flottan och användes som ett målfartyg under atombombstester vid Bikiniatollen. Deutsche Marine som uppstod på 1950-talet har begränsat sina ytstridskrafter till jagare och fregatter.
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