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Subject Item
dbr:Megahertz_myth
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Megahertz myth Megahertzmyten Миф о мегагерцах Mythe du mégahertz
rdfs:comment
Megahertzmyten är ett folkligt namn på missuppfattningen att en processors prestanda enbart beror på dess klockfrekvens (som när myten började få spridning oftast mättes i megahertz). Stora elektronikföretag, däribland Intel, har anklagats för att upprätthålla myten genom att ganska ensidigt betona klockfrekvensen i sin marknadsföring, trots att åtskilliga andra tekniska faktorer påverkar en processors prestanda; detta gällde till exempel tidiga versioner av Pentium 4 (Willamette) som var "snabbare på pappret" än Pentium III, trots att de i praktiken gav lägre prestanda för merparten tillämpningar. Le mythe du mégahertz est une croyance selon laquelle la fréquence d'horloge permet de comparer les performances des microprocesseurs. Bien que la fréquence d'horloge soit un bon outil pour comparer les performances d'un même type de processeur, d'autres facteurs changent grandement la donne quand il s'agit de processeurs différents. Les autres facteurs qui influencent la performance sont l'architecture interne des processeurs, la taille et le nombre de registres, la taille et l'organisation des différents niveaux de cache, etc. The megahertz myth, or in more recent cases the gigahertz myth, refers to the misconception of only using clock rate (for example measured in megahertz or gigahertz) to compare the performance of different microprocessors. While clock rates are a valid way of comparing the performance of different speeds of the same model and type of processor, other factors such as an amount of execution units, pipeline depth, cache hierarchy, branch prediction, and instruction sets can greatly affect the performance when considering different processors. For example, one processor may take two clock cycles to add two numbers and another clock cycle to multiply by a third number, whereas another processor may do the same calculation in two clock cycles. Comparisons between different types of processors ar «Миф о мегагерцах» (иногда «Миф о гигагерцах») — выражение и описываемое им заблуждение, что процессоры с более высокой тактовой частотой всегда имеют более высокую производительность, чем процессоры с более низкой тактовой частотой. Оно получило популярность благодаря маркетинговой компании Apple, использовавшей в компьютерах Macintosh процессоры PowerPC, работавшие на частоте, значительно меньшей, чем конкурирующие процессоры Intel Pentium 4.
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dbo:abstract
Le mythe du mégahertz est une croyance selon laquelle la fréquence d'horloge permet de comparer les performances des microprocesseurs. Bien que la fréquence d'horloge soit un bon outil pour comparer les performances d'un même type de processeur, d'autres facteurs changent grandement la donne quand il s'agit de processeurs différents. Cette idée a commencé à se répandre en 1984, dans des comparaisons entre l'Apple II et l'IBM PC. L'argument était que le PC était 5 fois plus rapide que l'Apple II, vu que son processeur Intel 8086 avait une fréquence d'horloge 5 fois supérieure à celle du Rockwell 6502 utilisé dans l'Apple II. Les autres facteurs qui influencent la performance sont l'architecture interne des processeurs, la taille et le nombre de registres, la taille et l'organisation des différents niveaux de cache, etc. Megahertzmyten är ett folkligt namn på missuppfattningen att en processors prestanda enbart beror på dess klockfrekvens (som när myten började få spridning oftast mättes i megahertz). Stora elektronikföretag, däribland Intel, har anklagats för att upprätthålla myten genom att ganska ensidigt betona klockfrekvensen i sin marknadsföring, trots att åtskilliga andra tekniska faktorer påverkar en processors prestanda; detta gällde till exempel tidiga versioner av Pentium 4 (Willamette) som var "snabbare på pappret" än Pentium III, trots att de i praktiken gav lägre prestanda för merparten tillämpningar. Uttrycket användes ursprungligen vid jämförelser mellan PC-datorer, som byggdes kring Intels x86-processorserie, och Apples Macintosh, som byggde på Motorolas 68 K-processorserie. PC-datorerna hade genomgående högre klockfrekvens, men presterade sällan bättre än Apples datorer. På senare år har uttrycket kommit att användas vid jämförelser mellan Intels och AMD:s x86-kompatibla processorer. Detta ska ha varit anledningen till att AMD en period övergick till att namnge sina processorer efter vilken klockfrekvens som företaget menade att Pentium 4 skulle kräva för att uppnå samma prestanda. «Миф о мегагерцах» (иногда «Миф о гигагерцах») — выражение и описываемое им заблуждение, что процессоры с более высокой тактовой частотой всегда имеют более высокую производительность, чем процессоры с более низкой тактовой частотой. Оно получило популярность благодаря маркетинговой компании Apple, использовавшей в компьютерах Macintosh процессоры PowerPC, работавшие на частоте, значительно меньшей, чем конкурирующие процессоры Intel Pentium 4. The megahertz myth, or in more recent cases the gigahertz myth, refers to the misconception of only using clock rate (for example measured in megahertz or gigahertz) to compare the performance of different microprocessors. While clock rates are a valid way of comparing the performance of different speeds of the same model and type of processor, other factors such as an amount of execution units, pipeline depth, cache hierarchy, branch prediction, and instruction sets can greatly affect the performance when considering different processors. For example, one processor may take two clock cycles to add two numbers and another clock cycle to multiply by a third number, whereas another processor may do the same calculation in two clock cycles. Comparisons between different types of processors are difficult because performance varies depending on the type of task. A benchmark is a more thorough way of measuring and comparing computer performance. The myth started around 1984 when comparing the Apple II with the IBM PC. The argument was that the PC was five times faster than the Apple II, as its Intel 8088 processor had a clock speed roughly 4.7 times the clock speed of the MOS Technology 6502 used in the Apple. However, what really matters is not how finely divided a machine's instructions are, but how long it takes to complete a given task. Consider the LDA # (Load Accumulator Immediate) instruction. On a 6502 that instruction requires two clock cycles, or 2 μs at 1 MHz. Although the 4.77 MHz 8088's clock cycles are shorter, the LDA # needs at least 4 of them, so it takes 4 / 4.77 MHz = 0.84 μs at least. So, at best, that instruction runs only a little more than 2 times as fast on the original IBM PC than on the Apple II.
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