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dbr:Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II
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Military history of France during World War II Франція в Другій світовій війні 二战期间的法国 تاريخ فرنسا العسكري خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية Frankrike under andra världskriget Франция во Второй мировой войне
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第二次世界大戰期間,法国是盟国与轴心国的重要成员国。 كانت الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة في حالة حرب مع ألمانيا منذ عام 1939 حتى عام 1940. شهدت الفترة منذ عام 1940 حتى عام 1945 منافسة بين قوات فرنسا الفيشية وقوات فرنسا الحرة تحت قيادة الجنرال شارل ديغول للسيطرة على الإمبراطورية. في عام 1944، بعد إنزال الحلفاء في فرنسا (نورماندي، بروفانس) طردوا الجيش الألماني، ليضع ذلك حدًا لنظام فيشي. أعلنت فرنسا وبريطانيا الحرب على ألمانيا عندما غزت ألمانيا بولندا في سبتمبر 1939. بعد الحرب الزائفة منذ عام 1939 حتى عام 1940، وفي غضون سبعة أسابيع، غزا الألمان فرنسا وهزموها وأجبروا البريطانيين على الخروج من القارة. استسلمت فرنسا رسميًا لألمانيا. Франція у Другій світовій війні брала безпосередню участь з перших днів вересня 1939 року. Вона зазнала поразки в червні 1940 року та була окупована. Однак Вільні французькі сили разом із союзниками з антигітлерівській коаліції продовжували участь у війні, і до кінця 1944 року, майже вся Франція була звільнена. From 1939 to 1940, the French Third Republic was at war with Nazi Germany. In 1940, the German forces defeated the French in the Battle of France. The German occupied the north and west of French territory and a collaborationist régime under Phillipe Pétain established itself in Vichy. General Charles de Gaulle established a government in exile in London and competed with Vichy France to position himself as the legitimate French government, for control of the French overseas empire and receiving help from French allies. He eventually managed to enlist the support of some French African colonies and later succeeded in bringing together the disparate maquis, colonial regiments, legionnaires, expatriate fighters and Communist snipers under the Free French Forces in the Allied chain of command Франция во Второй мировой войне принимала непосредственное участие с самых первых дней сентября 1939 года. Она потерпела поражение в июне 1940 года и была оккупирована. Однако Свободные французские силы вместе с союзниками по антигитлеровской коалиции продолжали участие в войне, и к концу 1944 года практически вся Франция была освобождена. Denna artikel behandlar Frankrike under andra världskriget från det tyska anfallet 1940 till den fjärde republikens införande 1946.
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The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II: Southern France
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كانت الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة في حالة حرب مع ألمانيا منذ عام 1939 حتى عام 1940. شهدت الفترة منذ عام 1940 حتى عام 1945 منافسة بين قوات فرنسا الفيشية وقوات فرنسا الحرة تحت قيادة الجنرال شارل ديغول للسيطرة على الإمبراطورية. في عام 1944، بعد إنزال الحلفاء في فرنسا (نورماندي، بروفانس) طردوا الجيش الألماني، ليضع ذلك حدًا لنظام فيشي. أعلنت فرنسا وبريطانيا الحرب على ألمانيا عندما غزت ألمانيا بولندا في سبتمبر 1939. بعد الحرب الزائفة منذ عام 1939 حتى عام 1940، وفي غضون سبعة أسابيع، غزا الألمان فرنسا وهزموها وأجبروا البريطانيين على الخروج من القارة. استسلمت فرنسا رسميًا لألمانيا. في أغسطس 1943، دُمجت قوات ديغول وجيرارد في سلسلة قيادة واحدة تابعة للقيادة الأنجلو أمريكية، في حين كانت القوات الفرنسية المعارضة على الجبهة الشرقية تابعةً للقيادات السوفييتية والألمانية. لعبت هذه القوات الفرنسية في المنفى إلى جانب القوات الفرنسية في الداخل (إف إف آي) دورًا متغيرًا في التحرير النهائي لفرنسا على يد الحلفاء الغربيين وفي هزيمة فيشي الفرنسية وإيطاليا الفاشية وألمانيا النازية وإمبراطورية اليابان. حاربت فيشي الفرنسية القوات الفرنسية الحرة من أجل السيطرة على الإمبراطورية الفرنسية، وساعدتها كل من بريطانيا والولايات المتحدة بحلول عام 1943، وانضمت جميع المستعمرات، باستثناء الهند الصينية، إلى القضية الفرنسية الحرة. ازداد عدد القوات الفرنسية الحرة مع نجاح الحلفاء في شمال أفريقيا والتجمع اللاحق للجيش الأفريقي الذي واصل القتال ضد المحور وكان يحارب في العديد من الحملات العسكرية وغزا في نهاية المطاف إيطاليا، واحتل فرنسا وألمانيا منذ عام 1944 حتى عام 1945 من خلال مطالبته بالاستسلام غير المشروط لدول المحور في مؤتمر الدار البيضاء. في 23 أكتوبر، 1944، اعترفت بريطانيا والولايات المتحدة والاتحاد السوفييتي رسميًا بنظام ديغول ليكون حكومة مؤقتة للجمهورية الفرنسية (جي بي آر إف) والذي حل محل دولة فيشي الفرنسية في المنفى (هربت حكومتها إلى سيغمارينغين في غرب ألمانيا) وأتى هذا النظام قبل الجمهورية الرابعة (1946). أدى التجنيد في فرنسا المحررة إلى توسيع الجيوش الفرنسية. بحلول نهاية الحرب في أوروبا في مايو 1945، كانت تمتلك فرنسا 1250000 جندي، من بينهم عشرة فرق تقاتل في ألمانيا. أُنشئ فيلق مشاة لتحرير الهند الصينية الفرنسية ثم استولى عليه اليابانيون. بلغت الخسائر العسكرية الفرنسية الكلية 212 ألف قتيلًا خلال الحرب، 92 ألف منهم قُتلوا في نهاية الحملة العسكرية في عام 1940، و58 ألف منهم قُتلوا منذ عام 1940 حتى عام 1945 في حملات عسكرية أخرى، و24 ألف لقوا حتفهم أثناء خدمتهم في المقاومة الفرنسية، و38 ألف آخرون قُتلوا أثناء خدمتهم مع الجيش الألماني (بما في ذلك 32 ألف من «المالغري-نو»). From 1939 to 1940, the French Third Republic was at war with Nazi Germany. In 1940, the German forces defeated the French in the Battle of France. The German occupied the north and west of French territory and a collaborationist régime under Phillipe Pétain established itself in Vichy. General Charles de Gaulle established a government in exile in London and competed with Vichy France to position himself as the legitimate French government, for control of the French overseas empire and receiving help from French allies. He eventually managed to enlist the support of some French African colonies and later succeeded in bringing together the disparate maquis, colonial regiments, legionnaires, expatriate fighters and Communist snipers under the Free French Forces in the Allied chain of command. In 1944, after the Allies had landed in Normandy and the southern front moved from North Africa across the Mediterranean into Italy and Provence, these forces routed the German Army, and Vichy officials fled into Germany. France and Britain had both declared war on Germany two days after the invasion of Poland in September 1939. To divert German forces from Poland, France invaded the Saarland region of Germany on 7 September 1939, but was forced to retreat. The Phoney War ensued until 1940 when the Germans invaded and overran northern France, forcing the British from the continent. France formally surrendered. Germany sent two million French prisoners of war to forced labor camps in Germany. In August 1943, the forces under De Gaulle and Giraud forces merged into a single chain of command under Allied leadership. French forces on the Eastern Front had Soviet or German leadership. These forces of French exiles and the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) played varying roles in the liberation of France and the defeat of Vichy, Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and the Japanese Empire. Control of the French colonial empire proved critical. Free French forces won control, helped by Britain and the U.S., and used it to attack Nazi-occupied France. All French colonies except Indochina eventually joined the Free French. The number of Free French troops grew with their successes in North Africa and the invasion of Italy by the Army of Africa. The Allies demanded unconditional surrender from the Axis Powers at the Casablanca Conference. On 30 October 1944, Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union officially recognized de Gaulle as head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF), and eventually as elected president of the French Fourth Republic. The GPRF stepped into the vacuum left when the Vichy administration fled to Sigmaringen in Germany. Recruitment in liberated France led to an expansion of the French armies. By the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, France had 1,250,000 troops, 10 divisions of which were fighting in Germany. An expeditionary corps was created to liberate French Indochina, then occupied by the Japanese. During the course of the war, French military losses totaled 212,000 dead, of whom 92,000 were killed through the end of the campaign of 1940, and 58,000 from 1940 to 1945 in other campaigns, 24,000 lost while serving in the French resistance, and a further 38,000 lost while serving with the German Army (including 32,000 "malgré-nous"). Франція у Другій світовій війні брала безпосередню участь з перших днів вересня 1939 року. Вона зазнала поразки в червні 1940 року та була окупована. Однак Вільні французькі сили разом із союзниками з антигітлерівській коаліції продовжували участь у війні, і до кінця 1944 року, майже вся Франція була звільнена. 第二次世界大戰期間,法国是盟国与轴心国的重要成员国。 Франция во Второй мировой войне принимала непосредственное участие с самых первых дней сентября 1939 года. Она потерпела поражение в июне 1940 года и была оккупирована. Однако Свободные французские силы вместе с союзниками по антигитлеровской коалиции продолжали участие в войне, и к концу 1944 года практически вся Франция была освобождена. Denna artikel behandlar Frankrike under andra världskriget från det tyska anfallet 1940 till den fjärde republikens införande 1946.
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wikipedia-en:Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II?oldid=1124882076&ns=0
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193020
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wikipedia-en:Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II