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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Mutual_Defense_Assistance_Act
rdf:type
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Mutual Defense Assistance Act 共同防御援助法案 Mutual Defense Assistance Act Mutual Defense Assistance Program Mutual Defense Aid Program
rdfs:comment
Het Mutual Defense Aid Program ook aangeduid met Mutual Defense Assistance Programme (afgekort tot MDAP) werd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog in het leven geroepen door de Verenigde Staten om de Europese landen te assisteren bij het opbouwen van hun strijdmachten. Het doel van het programma was ervoor te zorgen dat West-Europa buiten de invloedssfeer van de Sovjet-Unie bleef. Tussen 1948 en 1954 is ca. 30 miljard dollar hieraan uitgegeven door de Verenigde Staten. Hieronder was begrepen: 《共同防御援助法》，即《军援法》，民国政府称之为“联防互助法案”，是冷战时期美国第一部援外法案。受1949年9月苏联爆炸首颗原子弹，1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立导致世界基本力量对比变化影响，1949年10月6日美国总统杜鲁门签署生效《共同防御援助法》：为期一年拨款13.1401亿美元，其中10亿援助北约国家，2.1137亿美元援助对抗共产主义前线的希腊和土耳其（当时两国还不是北约成员），2764万美元援助伊朗、南韩、菲律宾，7500万美元援助撤台的民国当局。该法案作为1948年4月3日向西欧提供经济与社会发展援助的马歇尔计划的重要补充，把美国的外交与军事进一步紧密结合起来，从而使北约成员国“再军备”能够发挥实际作用。《共同防御援助法》的执行，由总统授权国务院负责，国务院的共同防御援助主任办公室、国防部代表、代表组成对外军事援助部际协调委员会执行日常事务。 朝鲜战争爆发后，杜鲁门提出“必须帮助在共同防御中与我们有联系的增强军事力量”，“压倒一切的目的是武装欧洲”。1950年7月26日美国国会通过了1951财政年度《共同防御援助法》对外军援拨款12.25亿美元。1950年8月1日，杜鲁门提出增加40亿美元对外军援，国会于9月27日予以批准。北约国家分得34亿美元，希腊、土耳其、伊朗分得1.93亿美元，南韩、菲律宾、民国分得3.03亿美元。 The Mutual Defense Assistance Act was a United States Act of Congress signed by President Harry S. Truman on 6 October 1949. For US Foreign policy, it was the first U.S. military foreign aid legislation of the Cold War era, and initially to Europe. The Act followed Truman's signing of the Economic Cooperation Act (the Marshall Plan), on April 3, 1948, which provided non-military, economic reconstruction and development aid to Europe. Il Mutual Defense Assistance Program è stato un programma di aiuti militari degli Stati Uniti per sostenere i propri alleati nella lotta contro il mondo comunista durante la guerra fredda. Il programma ebbe inizio nel 1949 contemporaneamente al piano Marshall e prevedeva la fornitura di materiale militare a condizioni molto vantaggiose; è durato fino agli anni settanta. Le Mutual Defense Assistance Act — aussi connu sous le vocable de Battle Act — est un Act of Congress, loi fédérale américaine signé par le président des États-Unis Harry S. Truman le 6 octobre 1949. Il s'agissait du premier document légal de la politique globale de sécurité américaine de l'époque de la guerre froide.
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22
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dbp:citePublicLaw
81
dbp:conferencedate
1949-09-26
dbp:effectiveDate
1949-10-06
dbp:introducedby
John Kee
dbp:introduceddate
1949-08-15
dbp:introducedin
House
dbp:passedbody
House Senate
dbp:passeddate
1949-08-18 1949-09-28 1949-09-22
dbp:passedvote
Agreed 55 224 238
dbp:publicLawUrl
n18:publaw-329.pdf
dbp:shorttitle
Mutual Defense Assistance Act
dbp:signeddate
1949-10-06
dbp:signedpresident
Harry S. Truman
dbp:committees
dbr:United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations dbr:United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs
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81.0
dbp:nickname
Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949
dbo:abstract
《共同防御援助法》，即《军援法》，民国政府称之为“联防互助法案”，是冷战时期美国第一部援外法案。受1949年9月苏联爆炸首颗原子弹，1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立导致世界基本力量对比变化影响，1949年10月6日美国总统杜鲁门签署生效《共同防御援助法》：为期一年拨款13.1401亿美元，其中10亿援助北约国家，2.1137亿美元援助对抗共产主义前线的希腊和土耳其（当时两国还不是北约成员），2764万美元援助伊朗、南韩、菲律宾，7500万美元援助撤台的民国当局。该法案作为1948年4月3日向西欧提供经济与社会发展援助的马歇尔计划的重要补充，把美国的外交与军事进一步紧密结合起来，从而使北约成员国“再军备”能够发挥实际作用。《共同防御援助法》的执行，由总统授权国务院负责，国务院的共同防御援助主任办公室、国防部代表、代表组成对外军事援助部际协调委员会执行日常事务。 朝鲜战争爆发后，杜鲁门提出“必须帮助在共同防御中与我们有联系的增强军事力量”，“压倒一切的目的是武装欧洲”。1950年7月26日美国国会通过了1951财政年度《共同防御援助法》对外军援拨款12.25亿美元。1950年8月1日，杜鲁门提出增加40亿美元对外军援，国会于9月27日予以批准。北约国家分得34亿美元，希腊、土耳其、伊朗分得1.93亿美元，南韩、菲律宾、民国分得3.03亿美元。 1951年美国国会通过《共同安全法》，把马歇尔计划与《共同防御援助法》融合为一体。 在《共同防御援助法》下，从1950年至1967年通过共同援助程序（Mutual Assistance Program）向伙伴国提供了334亿美元的武器与33亿美元的军用剩余物资。 * 1950年至1954年向正在与越盟作战的法国殖民军提供了海量的财政援助与陆海空军军事物资援助，中央情报局提供大量的情报支援，甚至通过民航空運公司派出24名中情局飞行人员，其中2人在奠边府战役战死。 Het Mutual Defense Aid Program ook aangeduid met Mutual Defense Assistance Programme (afgekort tot MDAP) werd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog in het leven geroepen door de Verenigde Staten om de Europese landen te assisteren bij het opbouwen van hun strijdmachten. Het doel van het programma was ervoor te zorgen dat West-Europa buiten de invloedssfeer van de Sovjet-Unie bleef. Tussen 1948 en 1954 is ca. 30 miljard dollar hieraan uitgegeven door de Verenigde Staten. Hieronder was begrepen: 1. * Het leveren van goederen (voor een deel uit overbodig geworden voorraad). 2. * Het financieren van projecten. 3. * Het opleiden van personeel. De hulp is tot in de jaren zestig voortgezet en langzaam afgebouwd. Heden ten dage kent de VS nog steeds diverse programma's (FMA - ) om andere landen van wapens te voorzien. Israël is de grootste ontvanger van die programma's. Een ander programma is het (FMS) programma The Mutual Defense Assistance Act was a United States Act of Congress signed by President Harry S. Truman on 6 October 1949. For US Foreign policy, it was the first U.S. military foreign aid legislation of the Cold War era, and initially to Europe. The Act followed Truman's signing of the Economic Cooperation Act (the Marshall Plan), on April 3, 1948, which provided non-military, economic reconstruction and development aid to Europe. The 1949 Act was amended and reauthorized on July 26, 1950. In 1951, the Economic Cooperation Act and Mutual Defense Assistance Act were succeeded by the Mutual Security Act, and its newly created independent agency, the Mutual Security Administration, to supervise all foreign aid programs, including both military assistance programs and non-military, economic assistance programs that bolstered the defense capability of U.S. allies. About the same time, the , also known or referred to as the Battle Act, (65 Stat. 644; 22 U.S.C. 1611 et seq.) was also passed; it banned U.S. assistance to countries doing business with the Soviet Union and was so-named after its sponsor, Representative Laurie C. Battle of Alabama. Strong motivation for this 'control' act also came from export control concerns, following their tightening by the over Soviet advances; export controls were used for both domestic policy and later as an instrument of foreign policy. This is exemplified by the restrictions on export of certain strategic or military items to the Soviet bloc or to other countries which it felt, if permitted, would be detrimental to the foreign policy program of the US. This latter motive became so strong that it brought legislation directing the President to enlist the cooperation of other nations in enacting controls on trade with the Soviet block to parallel those of the United States. The benefits of the various economic and military aid programs were to be withheld from non-cooperating nations. The act covered a wide range of materials needed for the production of weapons, and was especially focused on anything that could aid atomic weapons research and construction. As the Cold War developed, these acts were part of the American policy of containment of Communism. They importantly provided defense assistance to any ally that might be attacked by the Soviet Union or one of its allies, while other programs provided non-military economic assistance. In Asia the programs expanded with the newly established Maoist People's Republic of China, and other areas, with the development of specific country missions, including ones in Austria (1947–50), China (1946–48), Ireland (1948–51), and Trieste (1947–52). Le Mutual Defense Assistance Act — aussi connu sous le vocable de Battle Act — est un Act of Congress, loi fédérale américaine signé par le président des États-Unis Harry S. Truman le 6 octobre 1949. Il s'agissait du premier document légal de la politique globale de sécurité américaine de l'époque de la guerre froide. L'acte s'inscrit dans le cadre de la stratégie de « containment » du communisme, développée dans la doctrine Truman, et a pour but d'assurer l'assistance militaire des États-Unis à tout allié qui aurait été sous le menace d'un invasion par l'Union soviétique ou l'un de ses alliés ou, pour l'Asie, de la toute jeune République populaire de Chine. Il privait également d'aide et d'assistance économique toute nation qui aurait fait commerce de matières ou de matériaux stratégiques avec l'URSS ou ses alliés, ses dispositions couvrant un large variété de matières premières essentielles à la fabrication d'armement et tout particulièrement celles nécessaires à la recherche et à la fabrication dans le domaine de l'armement nucléaire. L'acte permit également la relance des programmes de défense américains dans les domaines de la recherche et du développement de nouveaux matériels militaires, le développement du complexe militaro-industriel des États-Unis - « arsenal du Monde libre » - ayant reçu un sérieux coup d'arrêt après la victoire alliée de 1945 sur l'Allemagne nazie, entraînant l'usure des matériels vétustes, vétérans de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, maintenus en service et arrivés à la limite de leurs performances techniques et de leur durée de vie ainsi que les piètres performances de ceux mis en service dans l'immédiat après-guerre dans le cadre de budgets de la défense fortement réduits - comme allait le démontrer la Guerre de Corée. À bien des égards, le « Mutual Defense Assistance Act » - inspiré par la Doctrine Truman - prenait ainsi le contre-pied de la Doctrine Monroe isolationniste qui avait largement inspiré la politique étrangère américaine jusqu'à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en permettant notamment la constitution d'un glacis défensif à l'échelle planétaire. Il Mutual Defense Assistance Program è stato un programma di aiuti militari degli Stati Uniti per sostenere i propri alleati nella lotta contro il mondo comunista durante la guerra fredda. Il programma ebbe inizio nel 1949 contemporaneamente al piano Marshall e prevedeva la fornitura di materiale militare a condizioni molto vantaggiose; è durato fino agli anni settanta. Nell'ambito di tale programma l'Italia ha ricevuto alcuni caccia, alcuni sommergibili Classe Gato e Classe Balao, alcuni cacciatorpediniere Classe Fletcher, alcune navi da sbarco; facevano parte di questo programma anche le unità della classe Artigliere e della Classe Aldebaran.
dbp:longtitle
An Act to promote the foreign policy and provide for the defense and general welfare of the United States by furnishing military assistance to foreign nations.
dbp:sectionsCreated
§ 1571 et seq.
gold:hypernym
dbr:Act
prov:wasDerivedFrom
wikipedia-en:Mutual_Defense_Assistance_Act?oldid=1113212961&ns=0
dbo:wikiPageLength
22067
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wikipedia-en:Mutual_Defense_Assistance_Act