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Statements

Subject Item
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Politique au pays de Galles الحياة السياسية في ويلز Política do País de Gales Politica del Galles Politics of Wales
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تشكل الحياة السياسية في ويلز كيانًا سياسيًا مميزًا ضمن سياسة المملكة المتحدة الأوسع نطاقًا، نظرًا إلى أن ويلز واحدة من الدول الأربعة المكونة للمملكة المتحدة. من الناحية الدستورية، فإن المملكة المتحدة هي بحكم القانون دولة موحدة ذات برلمان واحد وحكومة ذات سيادة. ولكن، وبموجب نظام نقل السلطة (أو الحكم الداخلي) الذي اعتُمد في أواخر تسعينيات القرن العشرين، فقد صوتت ثلاث دول من الدول الأربع المكونة للمملكة المتحدة: ويلز واسكتلندا وأيرلندا الشمالية لصالح الحكم الذاتي المحدود، فهي خاضعة لبرلمان المملكة المتحدة في وستمنستر، الذي يستطيع –شكليًا– عندما يشاء، أن يعمل على تعديل أو تغيير أو توسيع أو إلغاء هذه الأنظمة الحكومية الوطنية. على هذا النحو، فإن جمعية ويلز الوطنية لا تملك سيادة فعلية بحكم القانون. Il Galles è una delle quattro nazioni costitutive del Regno Unito.Costituzionalmente il Regno Unito è de jure uno stato unitario, ma alla fine degli anni novanta, a seguito della vittoria del Labour di Tony Blair, che aveva interrotto il predominio dei conservatori, si diede il via ad un processo di devoluzione (devolution o home rule) che avrebbe assegnato dei poteri di autogoverno a tre delle quattro nazioni costitutive: la Scozia, il Galles e l'Irlanda del Nord. Politics in Wales (Welsh: Gwleidyddiaeth Cymru) forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom (UK). Constitutionally, the United Kingdom is a unitary state with one sovereign parliament delegating power to the devolved national parliaments, with some executive powers divided between governments. Under a system of devolution adopted in the late 1990s three of the four countries of the United Kingdom, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, voted for limited self-government, subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster, nominally at will, to amend, change, broaden or abolish the national governmental systems. As such, the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru) is not de jur La politique au pays de Galles s'insère dans le cadre plus large de la politique du Royaume-Uni dont le pays de Galles est une des nations constitutives. Dans le cadre de la dévolution des pouvoirs mis en place par le Parlement britannique, le pays de Galles possède depuis 1999 une Assemblée nationale. Celle-ci a le pouvoir d'adopter des lois depuis 2011. Le pays de Galles est considéré comme un bastion du Parti travailliste. Le nationalisme gallois existe mais est nettement moins important que son pendant écossais. O País de Gales é um principado desde o século XIII, inicialmente governado pelo príncipe galês Llywelyn, o Grande, e depois pelo seu neto, , que adoptou o título de Príncipe de Gales por volta de 1258 e foi reconhecido pela coroa inglesa em 1277, pelo tratado de Aberconwy. Depois da sua derrota por Eduardo I, no entanto, a independência galesa no século XIV esteve limitada a algumas revoltas menores. A maior dessas revoltas foi a de , que conseguiu o apoio do povo em 1400 e derrotou uma força inglesa em em 1401. Em resposta, o parlamento inglês decretou medidas repressivas negando aos galeses o direito de reunião. Glyndwr foi proclamado Príncipe de Gales e procurou ajuda francesa, mas em 1409 as suas forças foram dizimadas pelos ataques do rei Henrique IV de Inglaterra e outras medidas f
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La politique au pays de Galles s'insère dans le cadre plus large de la politique du Royaume-Uni dont le pays de Galles est une des nations constitutives. Dans le cadre de la dévolution des pouvoirs mis en place par le Parlement britannique, le pays de Galles possède depuis 1999 une Assemblée nationale. Celle-ci a le pouvoir d'adopter des lois depuis 2011. Le pays de Galles est considéré comme un bastion du Parti travailliste. Le nationalisme gallois existe mais est nettement moins important que son pendant écossais. La langue galloise est reconnue comme langue officielle et utilisée par les organes du pays de Galles, au même titre que l'anglais. Politics in Wales (Welsh: Gwleidyddiaeth Cymru) forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom (UK). Constitutionally, the United Kingdom is a unitary state with one sovereign parliament delegating power to the devolved national parliaments, with some executive powers divided between governments. Under a system of devolution adopted in the late 1990s three of the four countries of the United Kingdom, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, voted for limited self-government, subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster, nominally at will, to amend, change, broaden or abolish the national governmental systems. As such, the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru) is not de jure sovereign. Since then, further Welsh devolution has granted the Senedd additional powers. Executive power in the United Kingdom is vested in the King-in-Council, while legislative power is vested in the King-in-Parliament (the Crown and the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster in London). The Government of Wales Act 1998 established devolution in Wales, and certain executive and legislative powers have been constitutionally delegated to the Welsh Parliament. The scope of these powers was further widened by the Government of Wales Act 2006. Il Galles è una delle quattro nazioni costitutive del Regno Unito.Costituzionalmente il Regno Unito è de jure uno stato unitario, ma alla fine degli anni novanta, a seguito della vittoria del Labour di Tony Blair, che aveva interrotto il predominio dei conservatori, si diede il via ad un processo di devoluzione (devolution o home rule) che avrebbe assegnato dei poteri di autogoverno a tre delle quattro nazioni costitutive: la Scozia, il Galles e l'Irlanda del Nord. O País de Gales é um principado desde o século XIII, inicialmente governado pelo príncipe galês Llywelyn, o Grande, e depois pelo seu neto, , que adoptou o título de Príncipe de Gales por volta de 1258 e foi reconhecido pela coroa inglesa em 1277, pelo tratado de Aberconwy. Depois da sua derrota por Eduardo I, no entanto, a independência galesa no século XIV esteve limitada a algumas revoltas menores. A maior dessas revoltas foi a de , que conseguiu o apoio do povo em 1400 e derrotou uma força inglesa em em 1401. Em resposta, o parlamento inglês decretou medidas repressivas negando aos galeses o direito de reunião. Glyndwr foi proclamado Príncipe de Gales e procurou ajuda francesa, mas em 1409 as suas forças foram dizimadas pelos ataques do rei Henrique IV de Inglaterra e outras medidas foram impostas contra os galeses. O Decreto de União de 1536 dividiu o País de Gales em treze condados: Anglesey, Brecon, , Cardigan, Carmarthen, , Flint, Glamorgan, , , Montgomery, Pembroke e , e aplicou a Lei Inglesa tanto à Inglaterra como a Gales, fazendo do inglês a língua a ser usada para fins oficiais. Esta medida excluiu muitos galeses nativos de todos os cargos formais. Até hoje, Gales continua a partilhar com a Inglaterra uma identidade legal no âmbito da entidade conjunta Inglaterra e Gales. A Escócia e a Irlanda do Norte mantêm sistemas legais e identidades separadas. Durante séculos, Gales foi minorado pelo seu vizinho maior, a Inglaterra. De facto, diz-se — talvez apocrifamente — que uma enciclopédia inglesa bem conhecida teve uma entrada onde se podia ler: "GALES. Ver INGLATERRA". Em 1955 deram-se alguns passos para restabelecer um sentido de identidade nacional para Gales quando Cardiff foi declarada a sua capital. Antes desse ano, a legislação aprovada pelo parlamento do Reino Unido referia-se simplesmente à Inglaterra em vez de à Inglaterra e Gales. A Assembleia Nacional do País de Gales, com sede em Cardiff, eleita pela primeira vez em 1999, é eleita pelo povo de Gales e tem os seus poderes definidos pelo . O título de Príncipe de Gales é ainda atribuído pelo monarca britânico reinante ao seu filho mais velho, mas nos tempos modernos o príncipe não vive em Gales nem tem nada a ver com a sua administração ou governo. O príncipe está ainda, no entanto, simbolicamente ligado ao principado: a investidura do Príncipe Carlos teve lugar no Castelo de Caernarfon no , um lugar tradicionalmente associado à criação do título no século XIII. تشكل الحياة السياسية في ويلز كيانًا سياسيًا مميزًا ضمن سياسة المملكة المتحدة الأوسع نطاقًا، نظرًا إلى أن ويلز واحدة من الدول الأربعة المكونة للمملكة المتحدة. من الناحية الدستورية، فإن المملكة المتحدة هي بحكم القانون دولة موحدة ذات برلمان واحد وحكومة ذات سيادة. ولكن، وبموجب نظام نقل السلطة (أو الحكم الداخلي) الذي اعتُمد في أواخر تسعينيات القرن العشرين، فقد صوتت ثلاث دول من الدول الأربع المكونة للمملكة المتحدة: ويلز واسكتلندا وأيرلندا الشمالية لصالح الحكم الذاتي المحدود، فهي خاضعة لبرلمان المملكة المتحدة في وستمنستر، الذي يستطيع –شكليًا– عندما يشاء، أن يعمل على تعديل أو تغيير أو توسيع أو إلغاء هذه الأنظمة الحكومية الوطنية. على هذا النحو، فإن جمعية ويلز الوطنية لا تملك سيادة فعلية بحكم القانون. السلطة التنفيذية في المملكة المتحدة منوطة بمجلس الملكة، في حين أن السلطة التشريعية منوطة ببرلمان الملكة (التاج وبرلمان المملكة المتحدة في وستمنستر في لندن). أنشأ قانون حكومة ويلز لعام 1998 نظام نقل السلطة في ويلز، وفُوّضت بعض السلطات التنفيذية والتشريعية دستوريًا إلى جمعية ويلز الوطنية. وقد وُسّع نطاق هذه الصلاحيات بموجب قانون حكومة ويلز لعام 2006.
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