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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Presidency_of_Barack_Obama
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Президентство Барака Обами رئاسة باراك أوباما 버락 오바마 행정부 Προεδρία του Μπαράκ Ομπάμα Presidenza di Barack Obama Presidencia de Barack Obama Presidency of Barack Obama Presidência de Barack Obama Présidence de Barack Obama
rdfs:comment
Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. A Democrat from Illinois, Obama took office following a decisive victory over Republican nominee John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2012 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee Mitt Romney to win re-election. Obama is the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, and the first president born in Hawaii. A Presidência de Barack Obama teve início ao meio-dia (UTC-5) de 20 de janeiro de 2009, tornando-se o 44º Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América. Obama era Senador dos Estados Unidos pelo estado de Illinois na época de sua vitória sobre o Senador do Arizona John McCain na eleição presidencial de 2008. Barack Obama é o primeiro presidente afro-americano dos Estados Unidos, assim como o primeiro nascido no Havaí. 버락 오바마 행정부(Barack Obama Administration)는 상원 의원 버락 오바마가 제44대 대통령으로 취임하여, 2009년 1월 20일부터 2017년 1월 20일까지 존재한 미국의 정부이다. La presidenza di Barack Obama ha inizio il 20 gennaio 2009 con la cerimonia d'inaugurazione e relativo insediamento del presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America, per poi terminare dopo due mandati consecutivi il 20 gennaio del 2017. Barack Obama, esponente del Partito Democratico per l'Illinois, diventò il 44° presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America a seguito della vittoria decisiva contro il candidato del Partito Repubblicano John McCain alle elezioni del 2008. Quattro anni dopo, alle elezioni presidenziali del 2012, fu riconfermato contro l'avversario Mitt Romney. Gli è succeduto il repubblicano Donald Trump il quale ha vinto le elezioni presidenziali del 2016 battendo la concorrente Hillary Clinton. Obama è stato il primo presidente afroamericano, il primo non bianco e il primo ad essere n بدأت رئاسة باراك أوباما في تمام الساعة الثانية عشرة بتوقيت شرق الولايات المتحدة في 20 يناير 2009، عندما نُصِّب باراك أوباما الرئيس الرابع والأربعين للولايات المتحدة، وانتهت في 20 يناير 2017. تولى أوباما -الديمقراطي عن ولاية إلينو يمنصبه بعد انتصار حاسم على المرشح الجمهوري جون ماكين في الانتخابات الرئاسية لعام 2008. بعد أربع سنوات، هزم في انتخابات 2012 الجمهوري ميت رومني وأُعيد انتخابه لولاية رئاسية ثانية. كان أوباما أول رئيس أمريكي من أصل أفريقي، وأول رئيس متعدد الأعراق، وأول رئيس غير أبيض، وأول رئيس وُلد في هاواي. خلفه الجمهوري دونالد ترامب الذي فاز في الانتخابات الرئاسية لعام 2016. La presidencia de Barack Obama dio comienzo al mediodía del martes 20 de enero de 2009 (EST), tras haber jurado el cargo como el cuadragésimo cuarto presidente de los Estados Unidos durante una ceremonia celebrada en el Capitolio de los Estados Unidos. La misma culminó al mediodía del viernes 20 de enero de 2017, cuando el presidente electo Donald J. Trump asumió la presidencia. La présidence de Barack Obama débute le 20 janvier 2009, date de l'investiture de Barack Obama en tant que 44e président des États-Unis, et s'achève le 20 janvier 2017, après l'élection présidentielle de 2016 à laquelle il ne peut participer, ayant effectué deux mandats. Президентство Барака Обами почалося опівдні EST 20 січня 2009 року, коли Барак Обама був приведений до присяги в якості 44-го президента Сполучених Штатів, і закінчилося 20 січня 2017 року. Обама, демократ з Іллінойсу, вступив в посаду після вирішальної перемоги над республіканцем Джоном Маккейном на президентських виборах 2008 року. Через чотири роки, на виборах 2012 року, він переміг республіканця Мітта Ромні, щоб виграти переобрання. Він був першим президентом афро-американцем, першим багато расовим президентом, першим небілим президентом і першим президентом, який народився на Гаваях. Обаму змінив республіканець Дональд Трамп, який переміг на президентських виборах 2016 року.
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Presidency of Barack Obama
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President Obama's address audio only version 0001-02-24 Audio-only version
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2008 2012
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Address Before a Joint Session of Congress President Obama on Osama bin Laden's Death The Obama White House
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A Presidência de Barack Obama teve início ao meio-dia (UTC-5) de 20 de janeiro de 2009, tornando-se o 44º Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América. Obama era Senador dos Estados Unidos pelo estado de Illinois na época de sua vitória sobre o Senador do Arizona John McCain na eleição presidencial de 2008. Barack Obama é o primeiro presidente afro-americano dos Estados Unidos, assim como o primeiro nascido no Havaí. Suas decisões políticas abrangeram a crise financeira global e incluíram mudanças nas políticas de impostos, na legislação para a reforma da Indústria da saúde dos Estados Unidos, iniciativas de política externa e a libertação de forma gradual dos prisioneiros da Prisão de Guantánamo em Cuba. Ele participou do em Londres, visitando mais tarde as tropas americanas no Iraque. Em viagem por diversos países europeus após o encontro do G-20, anunciou em Praga sua vontade de negociar a redução do arsenal nuclear mundial, levando a sua . Em outubro de 2009 foi agraciado com o Nobel da Paz pelos seus "esforços extraordinários para fortalecer a diplomacia internacional e a cooperação entre os povos". Obama foi eleito para o segundo mandato em 6 de novembro de 2012, derrotando o concorrente republicano Mitt Romney com 65.9 milhões de votos populares e 332 votos eleitorais, citando seus objetivos para o segundo mandato em seu discurso de vitória. Ele ressaltou a necessidade de combater a desigualdade econômica e ao mesmo tempo lidar com a adaptação ao aquecimento global, bem como a reforma do ensino americano para promover a tecnologia e inovação, dizendo: "Acreditamos em uma América generosa". La presidenza di Barack Obama ha inizio il 20 gennaio 2009 con la cerimonia d'inaugurazione e relativo insediamento del presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America, per poi terminare dopo due mandati consecutivi il 20 gennaio del 2017. Barack Obama, esponente del Partito Democratico per l'Illinois, diventò il 44° presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America a seguito della vittoria decisiva contro il candidato del Partito Repubblicano John McCain alle elezioni del 2008. Quattro anni dopo, alle elezioni presidenziali del 2012, fu riconfermato contro l'avversario Mitt Romney. Gli è succeduto il repubblicano Donald Trump il quale ha vinto le elezioni presidenziali del 2016 battendo la concorrente Hillary Clinton. Obama è stato il primo presidente afroamericano, il primo non bianco e il primo ad essere nato nelle Hawaii. Nel primo mandato, le sue azioni dovettero affrontare la grande recessione includendo un nutrito "pacchetto di stimoli", una parziale estensione dei tagli fiscali di Bush, una legislazione per riformare l', un grande progetto di riforma della regolamentazione finanziaria e la fine della massiccia presenza militare sul fronte della Guerra in Iraq. Il presidente nominò, nel ruolo di giudici della Corte Suprema, Elena Kagan e Sonia Sotomayor, la prima persona ispano-americana designata alla Corte Suprema. I Democratici controllarono entrambe le camere del Congresso fino alle elezioni di metà mandato del 2010 in cui i repubblicani ottennero la maggioranza nella Camera dei Rappresentanti. A seguito di ciò Obama e i Repubblicani arrivarono a una situazione di stallo prolungato sulle questioni inerenti ai livelli di spesa del Governo federale e il tetto del debito pubblico. In politica estera e in particolare contro il terrorismo, la nuova amministrazione cercò di ridurre il modello di Bush, incrementando l'utilizzo di attacchi aerei e delle Forze speciali e favorendo un maggior affidamento alle forze armate locali. L'amministrazione Obama fu artefice dell'operazione che portò alla morte di Osama bin Laden avvenuta il 2 maggio 2011. Durante il suo secondo mandato, Obama prese provvedimenti per contrastare il cambiamento climatico, con la firma dell'accordo di Parigi e di un ordine esecutivo volto a limitare le emissioni di anidride carbonica. Obama seguì l'attuazione dell' e di altre legislazioni approvate durante il primo mandato; negoziò inoltre un accordo nucleare con l'Iran e rilassò il rapporto diplomatico con Cuba, avvenimento noto come il "disgelo cubano". Il numero di truppe nella Guerra in Afghanistan subì una forte diminuzione nel corso del secondo mandato, anche se continuò a rimanere un contingente militare attivo. Nel 2014, con le elezioni di metà mandato, i Repubblicani presero il controllo del Senato e da quel momento Obama continuò a cimentarsi con la sempre più forte opposizione congressuale sui temi della spese governative, dell'immigrazione negli Stati Uniti d'America, delle nomine giuridiche a altre questioni. Nel corso della sua presidenza divennero effettive le sentenze della Corte Suprema sulla liceità costituzionale del matrimonio tra persone dello stesso sesso a livello nazionale, venne introdotto l'uso medico della cannabis in vari Stati, si riaccesero in parte le annose tensioni interrazziali e si tentò - ma senza grandi successi effettivi - d'introdurre un limite al possesso di armi da fuoco. La presidencia de Barack Obama dio comienzo al mediodía del martes 20 de enero de 2009 (EST), tras haber jurado el cargo como el cuadragésimo cuarto presidente de los Estados Unidos durante una ceremonia celebrada en el Capitolio de los Estados Unidos. La misma culminó al mediodía del viernes 20 de enero de 2017, cuando el presidente electo Donald J. Trump asumió la presidencia. Como presidente, Obama emprendió políticas para lograr estabilizar la economía norteamericana, golpeada tras la crisis financiera de 2008, entre ellas la Ley de Reinversión y Recuperación de 2009, un paquete de estímulos económicos de alrededor de 800 000 millones de dólares.​ Esta ley, de conjunto a las aprobadas desde la Reserva Federal así como el rescate al sector automovilístico, fueron vitales en contener la crisis. De igual manera, su Administración impulsó la reforma del sector bancario y financiero (a través de Ley Dodd-Frank),​ la cual intentó poner freno a los excesos bancarios y una mayor protección a los consumidores frente a la crisis. A pesar de los buenos resultados económicos​ (crecimiento del PIB sostenido de un promedio de 2.1 puntos anuales, desempleo por debajo del 5 %),​ estos no se han revertido en la mayoría de los ciudadanos.​ Salarios estancados y bajos índices de reducción de la pobreza, han sido elementos claves de la frustración popular hacia Obama, elementos bien utilizados por su sucesor Donald Trump en su victoria en los comicios de noviembre de 2016.​ En política interna de la Administración Obama se destacan la Ley de Protección al Paciente y Cuidado de Salud Asequible, más conocida como Obamacare, la cual pretendía garantizar el acceso a cobertura sanitaria a cerca de 20 millones de estadounidenses. Destacado ha sido también sus políticas en materia de matrimonio igualitario​ y a favor de la comunidad LGTBI, como por ejemplo la revocación de la política Don't ask, don't tell sobre homosexualidad en el Ejército;​ así como su apuesta en materia de cambio climático y protección medioambiental.​​ En política internacional se encuentra la firma del pacto nuclear con Irán,​ el inicio del proceso de normalización de relaciones entre Cuba y los Estados Unidos,​ la captura de Osama bin Laden, la renovación del tratado START III​ y la retirada de las tropas estadounidenses de Irak en 2011.​ Sin embargo, el incremento de la amenaza extremista islámica (ISIS, Al-Qaeda y Boko Haram), la Guerra de Siria, la intervención en el conflicto libio y la incapacidad de cumplir con el compromiso de cierre de la cárcel en la base militar de Guantánamo;​ se cuentan entre los fracasos de una política internacional que muchos consideran ineficaz.​ Президентство Барака Обами почалося опівдні EST 20 січня 2009 року, коли Барак Обама був приведений до присяги в якості 44-го президента Сполучених Штатів, і закінчилося 20 січня 2017 року. Обама, демократ з Іллінойсу, вступив в посаду після вирішальної перемоги над республіканцем Джоном Маккейном на президентських виборах 2008 року. Через чотири роки, на виборах 2012 року, він переміг республіканця Мітта Ромні, щоб виграти переобрання. Він був першим президентом афро-американцем, першим багато расовим президентом, першим небілим президентом і першим президентом, який народився на Гаваях. Обаму змінив республіканець Дональд Трамп, який переміг на президентських виборах 2016 року. Перші терміни дій Обами вирішили глобальну фінансову кризу та включили великий пакет стимулів, часткове розширення скорочень податків Буша, законодавство щодо реформування охорони здоров'я, великий законопроєкт про реформу фінансового регулювання та закінчення великої військової присутності США в Іраку. Обама також призначив суддів Верховного суду та Соню Сотомайор, остання з яких стала першою латино-американкою у Верховному суді. Демократи контролювали обидві палати Конгресу, поки республіканці не здобули більшості в Палаті представників на виборах 2010 року. Після виборів Обама та республіканці Конгресу взяли участь у затяжному протистоянні рівням державних витрат та межі боргу. Політика адміністрації Обами проти тероризму принизила модель протидії повстанцям Буша, розширивши авіаудари та широко використовуючи спецназ і заохочуючи більшу залежність від військовослужбовців, які приймають уряд. Адміністрація Обами організувала військову операцію, що призвела до смерті Осама бен Ладена в 2011 році. У своєму другому терміні Обама вжив заходів для боротьби зі зміною клімату, підписавши важливу міжнародну кліматичну угоду та розпорядження про обмеження викидів вуглецю. Обама також головував у виконанні Закону про доступну допомогу та іншого законодавства, прийнятого в його перший термін, і він домовлявся про зближення з Іраном та Кубою. Кількість американських солдатів в Афганістані різко впала під час другого терміну Обами, хоча американські солдати залишалися в Афганістані протягом усього президентства Обами та продовжують станом на 2019 рік. Республіканці взяли під контроль Сенат після виборів 2014 року і Обама продовжував боротися з республіканцями Конгресу з приводу витрат уряду, імміграції, судових висувань та інших питань. La présidence de Barack Obama débute le 20 janvier 2009, date de l'investiture de Barack Obama en tant que 44e président des États-Unis, et s'achève le 20 janvier 2017, après l'élection présidentielle de 2016 à laquelle il ne peut participer, ayant effectué deux mandats. Barack Obama succède à George W. Bush et met en place l'administration Obama, remplaçant une grande partie des hauts fonctionnaires de l'ancien gouvernement. À son arrivée au pouvoir, son gouvernement doit en particulier faire face à la crise économique provoquée par la crise des subprimes, à la guerre d'Afghanistan et aux relations des États-Unis avec les pays musulmans — il marque celles-ci par son discours du Caire du 4 juin 2009. Dès les premiers jours de son mandat, il annonce symboliquement la fermeture du camp de Guantanamo, non encore réalisée dans les faits à ce jour, les prisonniers étant évacués de façon espacée ou jugés trop dangereux pour quitter le site. Sur le plan intérieur, les États-Unis retrouvent une croissance économique forte, approchant du plein emploi en réduisant le chômage sous les 5 %, tandis qu'Obama fait adopter une réforme garantissant une couverture maladie à 95 % des Américains. La Cour suprême légalise en 2015 le mariage homosexuel dans les 50 États, ainsi qu'au sein de la capitale fédérale Washington, Obama y étant favorable. Le président tranche également avec son prédécesseur quant à l'application de la peine de mort : il y est fortement opposé, voulant la réserver aux crimes de haine, aux infanticides et aux terroristes. Après avoir bénéficié d'un Congrès à forte majorité démocrate durant les deux premières années de son mandat, il fait face à un Congrès politiquement partagé durant les quatre années suivantes, avec une Chambre des représentants à large domination républicaine et un Sénat à majorité démocrate réduite. Lors des deux dernières années de son mandat, les républicains contrôlent les deux chambres du Parlement. بدأت رئاسة باراك أوباما في تمام الساعة الثانية عشرة بتوقيت شرق الولايات المتحدة في 20 يناير 2009، عندما نُصِّب باراك أوباما الرئيس الرابع والأربعين للولايات المتحدة، وانتهت في 20 يناير 2017. تولى أوباما -الديمقراطي عن ولاية إلينو يمنصبه بعد انتصار حاسم على المرشح الجمهوري جون ماكين في الانتخابات الرئاسية لعام 2008. بعد أربع سنوات، هزم في انتخابات 2012 الجمهوري ميت رومني وأُعيد انتخابه لولاية رئاسية ثانية. كان أوباما أول رئيس أمريكي من أصل أفريقي، وأول رئيس متعدد الأعراق، وأول رئيس غير أبيض، وأول رئيس وُلد في هاواي. خلفه الجمهوري دونالد ترامب الذي فاز في الانتخابات الرئاسية لعام 2016. تناولت إجراءات أوباما في ولايته الأولى الأزمة المالية العالمية وتضمنت حزمة تحفيز كبيرة، وتمديدًا جزئيًا للتخفيضات الضريبية التي أقرّها بوش، وقانونًا لإصلاح الرعاية الصحية، ومشروع قانون لإصلاح التنظيم المالي، وإنهاء الوجود العسكري الأمريكي في العراق. عيّن أوباما أيضًا قاضيتي المحكمة العليا إيلينا كاغان وسونيا سوتومايور التي كانت أول قاضية أمريكية من أصول لاتينية في المحكمة العليا. سيطر الديمقراطيون على مجلسي الكونغرس حتى فاز الجمهوريون بالأغلبية في مجلس النواب في انتخابات 2010. بعد الانتخابات، دخل أوباما والجمهوريون في الكونغرس في مواجهة مطولة بشأن مستويات الإنفاق الحكومي وسقف الديون. قلّلت سياسة إدارة أوباما لمكافحة الإرهاب من أهمية نموذج بوش لمكافحة التمرد، إذ وسّعت الضربات الجوية واستخدمت القوات الخاصة على نطاق واسع وشجعت على الاعتماد على جيوش الحكومة المضيفة. نسّقت إدارة أوباما العملية العسكرية التي أسفرت عن مقتل أسامة بن لادن في 2 مايو 2011. في ولايته الثانية، اتخذ أوباما خطوات لمكافحة تغير المناخ، إذ وقّع على اتفاق عالمي بشأن المناخ وأمر تنفيذي للحد من انبعاثات الكربون. ترأّس أوباما أيضًا تنفيذ قانون الرعاية الصحية بأسعار معقولة والتشريعات الأخرى التي مُرِّرت في فترة ولايته الأولى، وتفاوض على التقارب مع إيران وكوبا. انخفض عدد الجنود الأمريكيين في أفغانستان انخفاضًا كبيرًا خلال ولاية أوباما الثانية، على الرغم من بقاء الجنود الأمريكيين في أفغانستان طوال فترة رئاسة أوباما وحتى عام 2019. سيطر الجمهوريون على مجلس الشيوخ بعد انتخابات 2014، وواصل أوباما الصراع مع الجمهوريين في الكونغرس بشأن الإنفاق الحكومي والهجرة والترشيحات القضائية ومسائل أخرى. Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. A Democrat from Illinois, Obama took office following a decisive victory over Republican nominee John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2012 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee Mitt Romney to win re-election. Obama is the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, and the first president born in Hawaii. Obama's accomplishments during the first 100 days of his presidency included signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 relaxing the statute of limitations for equal-pay lawsuits; signing into law the expanded State Children's Health Insurance Program(S-CHIP); winning approval of a congressional budget resolution that put Congress on record as dedicated to dealing with major health care reform legislation in 2009; implementing new ethics guidelines designed to significantly curtail the influence of lobbyists on the executive branch; breaking from the Bush administration on a number of policy fronts, except for Iraq, in which he followed through on Bush's Iraq withdrawal of U.S. troops; supporting the UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity; and lifting the 7½-year ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. Obama also ordered the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, though it remains open. He lifted some travel and money restrictions to the island. Obama signed many landmark bills into law during his first two years in office. The main reforms include: the Affordable Care Act, sometimes referred to as "the ACA" or "Obamacare", the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act served as economic stimuli amidst the Great Recession. After a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, he signed the Budget Control Act of 2011 and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. In foreign policy, he increased U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the United States–Russia New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. In 2011, Obama ordered the drone-strike killing in Yemen of al-Qaeda operative Anwar al-Awlaki, who was an American citizen. He ordered military involvement in Libya in order to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1973, contributing to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi. He also ordered the counterterrorism raid that killed Osama bin Laden. After winning re-election by defeating Republican opponent Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term on January 20, 2013. During this term, he condemned the 2013 Snowden leaks as unpatriotic, but called for more restrictions on the National Security Agency (NSA) to address privacy issues. Obama also promoted inclusion for LGBT Americans. His administration filed briefs that urged the Supreme Court to strike down same-sex marriage bans as unconstitutional (United States v. Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges); same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide in 2015 after the Court ruled so in Obergefell. He advocated for gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, indicating support for a ban on assault weapons, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning global warming and immigration. In foreign policy, he ordered military interventions in Iraq and Syria in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, drew down U.S. troops in Afghanistan in 2016, initiated sanctions against Russia following its annexation of Crimea and again after interference in the 2016 U.S. elections, brokered the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized U.S. relations with Cuba. Obama nominated three justices to the Supreme Court: Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan were confirmed as justices, while Merrick Garland was denied hearings or a vote from the Republican-majority Senate. During Obama's terms as president, the United States' reputation abroad, as well as the American economy, significantly improved. Rankings by scholars and historians place him among the upper to mid tier of American presidents. 버락 오바마 행정부(Barack Obama Administration)는 상원 의원 버락 오바마가 제44대 대통령으로 취임하여, 2009년 1월 20일부터 2017년 1월 20일까지 존재한 미국의 정부이다.
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