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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Provincial_troops_in_the_French_and_Indian_Wars
rdfs:label
Provincial troops in the French and Indian Wars القوات الإقليمية في الحربين الفرنسية والهندية
rdfs:comment
جند الحكام الاستعماريون والهيئات التشريعية القوات الإقليمية على القيام بعمليات ظويلة الأمد خلال الحروب الفرنسية والهندية. اختلفت القوات الإقليمية عن الميليشيات، من حيث أنها كانت منظمة عسكرية بدوام كامل تنفذ عمليات ممتدة عبر الزمن، كما اختلفوا عن الجيش البريطاني النظامي، إذ كانوا يُجندون لموسم حملة واحد فقط في ذلك الوقت. جندت هذه القوات في كثير من الأحيان من خلال نظام الحصص المطبق على الميليشيات. عيّنت حكومات المقاطعات الضباط. خلال القرن الثامن عشر، كان يُنظر إلى خدمة الميليشيات بشكل متزايد على أنها امتياز اجتماعي واقتصادي راسخ، بينما جنّدت القوات الإقليمية من أعضاء مختلفين وأقل تجذرًا في المجتمع. Provincial troops were military units raised by colonial governors and legislatures in British North America for extended operations during the French and Indian Wars. The provincial troops differed from the militia, in that they were a full-time military organization conducting extended operations. They differed from the regular British Army in that they were recruited only for one campaign season at the time. These forces were often recruited through a quota system applied to the militia. Officers were appointed by the provincial governments. During the eighteenth century militia service was increasingly seen as a prerogative of the social and economic well-established, while provincial troops came to be recruited from different and less deep-rooted members of the community.
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جند الحكام الاستعماريون والهيئات التشريعية القوات الإقليمية على القيام بعمليات ظويلة الأمد خلال الحروب الفرنسية والهندية. اختلفت القوات الإقليمية عن الميليشيات، من حيث أنها كانت منظمة عسكرية بدوام كامل تنفذ عمليات ممتدة عبر الزمن، كما اختلفوا عن الجيش البريطاني النظامي، إذ كانوا يُجندون لموسم حملة واحد فقط في ذلك الوقت. جندت هذه القوات في كثير من الأحيان من خلال نظام الحصص المطبق على الميليشيات. عيّنت حكومات المقاطعات الضباط. خلال القرن الثامن عشر، كان يُنظر إلى خدمة الميليشيات بشكل متزايد على أنها امتياز اجتماعي واقتصادي راسخ، بينما جنّدت القوات الإقليمية من أعضاء مختلفين وأقل تجذرًا في المجتمع. نّظمت القوات الإقليمية الأولى في الجزء الواقع تحت السيطرة البريطانية من أمريكا الشمالية في سبعينيات القرن السابع عشر. نفذت القوات الإقليمية من خليج ماساتشوستس العمليات الرئيسية في خلال حرب الملك ويليام. في خلال حرب الملكة آن، شكلت القوات الإقليمية من خليج ماساتشوستس وكونيتيكت ونيوهامبشاير الجزء الأكبر من القوات الإنجليزية. خلال حرب الملك جورج، زوّدت ماساتشوستس وكونيتيكت ونيوهامبشاير ورود آيلاند القوات البرية التي استولت على لويسبورغ بالكامل. خلال الحروب الفرنسية والهندية، أخذت الحكومة الإمبريالية في لندن دورًا قياديًا، فأحالت القوات الإقليمية لتصبح غير قتالية، وتحولوا روادًا وقوات نقل، بينما خاض الجيش النظامي البريطاني الجزء الأكبر من القتال. لكن مساهمات كناتيكت وخليج ماساتشوستس ونيوهامبشاير ورود آيلاند ظلت ضرورية. Provincial troops were military units raised by colonial governors and legislatures in British North America for extended operations during the French and Indian Wars. The provincial troops differed from the militia, in that they were a full-time military organization conducting extended operations. They differed from the regular British Army in that they were recruited only for one campaign season at the time. These forces were often recruited through a quota system applied to the militia. Officers were appointed by the provincial governments. During the eighteenth century militia service was increasingly seen as a prerogative of the social and economic well-established, while provincial troops came to be recruited from different and less deep-rooted members of the community. The first provincial forces in British North America were organized in the 1670s. The major operations during King William's War were conducted by provincial troops from Massachusetts Bay. During Queen Anne's War provincial troops from Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Hampshire made up the bulk of the English forces. During King George's War the land forces that took Louisbourg were entirely supplied by Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. During the French and Indian War the imperial government in London took an increasingly more leading part, relegating the provincial troops to a non-combat role, largely as pioneers and transportation troops, while the bulk of the fighting was done by the regular British Army. However the contributions of Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island were essential.
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