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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Quia_Emptores
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rdfs:label
Quia Emptores Quia Emptores Quia Emptores Quia Emptores
rdfs:comment
Quia Emptores es un estatuto aprobado en el reinado de Eduardo I de Inglaterra en 1290 que impedía a los inquilinos enajenar sus tierras a otros por subinfeudation, sino que obligaba a todos los inquilinos que deseaban alienar sus tierra, a hacerlo por sustitución. El estatuto, junto con su estatuto complementario de Quo Warranto, tenía por objeto remediar las disputas de propiedad de la tierra y las consiguientes dificultades financieras derivadas del declive del sistema feudal tradicional durante la Alta Edad Media. Quia Emptores is a statute passed by the Parliament of England in 1290 during the reign of Edward I that prevented tenants from alienating their lands to others by subinfeudation, instead requiring all tenants who wished to alienate their land to do so by substitution. The statute, along with its companion statute Quo Warranto also passed in 1290, was intended to remedy land ownership disputes and consequent financial difficulties that had resulted from the decline of the traditional feudal system in England during the High Middle Ages. The name Quia Emptores derives from the first two words of the statute in its original mediaeval Latin, which can be translated as "because the buyers". Its long title is A Statute of our Lord The King, concerning the Selling and Buying of Land. It is also Quia Emptores или Третий Вестминстерский статут — статут, утверждённый королём Англии Эдуардом I в 1290, установивший запрет на отчуждение земли какого-либо феодала без принятия на себя налоговых и других обязательств, которые имел бывший держатель этой земли. Получил название по первым словам своего текста Quia Emptores («Потому что покупатели»). Задачей данного статута, вместе с другим английским статутом Quo Warranto было уладить земельные споры и финансовые проблемы, связанные с этими спорами, причиной которых стал упадок феодализма в Англии в Средние века. Выдержка из статута: Quia Emptores nel Regno d'Inghilterra del 1290, (dal latino medievale "perché gli acquirenti", l'incipit del writ o documento) è stato uno statuto approvato con Edoardo I d'Inghilterra che ha impedito ai tenutari di un fondo feudale di alienare le loro terre ad altri, per sub-infeudazione, richiedendo invece a tutti gli inquilini che desideravano alienare la loro terra di farlo mediante la sostituzione. "Quia Emptores", abbinato insieme con lo statuto di Quo warranto, aveva lo scopo di risolvere le dispute di proprietà della terra e le conseguenti difficoltà finanziarie provocate dal declino del tradizionale sistema feudale durante il Pieno Medioevo.
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18
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dbo:thumbnail
n19:Bayeux_Tapestry_WillelmDux.jpg?width=300
dbp:date
2006-03-03 March 2020
dbp:longTitle
A Statute of our Lord The King, concerning the Selling and Buying of Land.
dbp:parliament
Parliament of England
dbp:reason
unclear what it means to "enter" a barony or fee in this context
dbp:shortTitle
Quia Emptores
dbp:status
Amended
dbp:url
n11:QuiaEmptores.html
dbp:year
1290
dbo:abstract
Quia Emptores или Третий Вестминстерский статут — статут, утверждённый королём Англии Эдуардом I в 1290, установивший запрет на отчуждение земли какого-либо феодала без принятия на себя налоговых и других обязательств, которые имел бывший держатель этой земли. Получил название по первым словам своего текста Quia Emptores («Потому что покупатели»). Задачей данного статута, вместе с другим английским статутом Quo Warranto было уладить земельные споры и финансовые проблемы, связанные с этими спорами, причиной которых стал упадок феодализма в Англии в Средние века. Кроме того, статут подтверждал содержание ранее выпущенного статута 1279 года, по которому запрещалось продавать или каким-либо иным образом передавать земельные угодья в «мертвые руки» церкви. Такая передача могла повлечь за собой абсолютное исключение земли из феодального оборота, в связи с тем, что ни прежний собственник (лорд), ни король, в случае отсутствия наследников у собственника, не могли рассчитывать на её возвращение в оборот. Дальнейшее расширение правомочий феодальных владельцев земли привело к утверждению самой перспективной форме свободного держания в феодальном праве Англии — estate in fee simple. Данная форма являлась наиболее полной по составу прав собственника и наиболее близка к современному пониманию частной собственности. Основным отличием данной формы держания от частной собственности является то, что земля в случаях отсутствия наследников не становилась выморочной, а переходила к прежнему собственнику (лорду) или его потомкам, даже самым дальним. Данное положение сохранялось в Англии довольно долго — до принятия в 1925 году Закона о собственности. Выдержка из статута: И если кто-нибудь продаст часть своих земель и держаний, то получивший их в качестве феода будет держать их непосредственно от главного лорда; и сейчас же на него налагаются все те повинности, которые следуют с этих земель (главному) лорду; причем в этом случае в пользу главного лорда должна идти и та часть повинностей, которую должен был бы ранее получать продавец феода. Quia Emptores es un estatuto aprobado en el reinado de Eduardo I de Inglaterra en 1290 que impedía a los inquilinos enajenar sus tierras a otros por subinfeudation, sino que obligaba a todos los inquilinos que deseaban alienar sus tierra, a hacerlo por sustitución. El estatuto, junto con su estatuto complementario de Quo Warranto, tenía por objeto remediar las disputas de propiedad de la tierra y las consiguientes dificultades financieras derivadas del declive del sistema feudal tradicional durante la Alta Edad Media. El estatuto toma su nombre Quia Emptores de las dos primeras palabras del estatuto en su latín medieval original, y se puede traducir como «porque los compradores». Al poner fin efectivamente a la práctica de la subinfeudación, Quia Emptores aceleró el fin del feudalismo en Inglaterra, que ya había estado en declive durante bastante tiempo. Las obligaciones feudales directas fueron reemplazadas cada vez más por rentas en efectivo y ventas directas de tierras que dieron lugar a la práctica de «librea y manutención» o feudalismo bastardo, la retención y el control por la nobleza de tierras, dinero, soldados y sirvientes a través de salarios directos, ventas de tierras y pagos de alquiler. Esto se convirtió más adelante en una de las causas subyacentes de las Guerras de las Rosas, las guerras civiles inglesas que libraron la Casa de York y la Casa de Lancaster para el control de la corona inglesa de 1455 a 1485. A mediados del siglo XV, la nobleza más importante, en particular las Casas de York y Lancaster, pudieron reunir grandes propiedades, grandes sumas de dinero y grandes ejércitos privados en retenedores a través de Quia Emprende prácticas de gestión de tierras y ventas directas de tierras. Las dos casas nobles se hicieron así más poderosas que la Corona misma con las consiguientes guerras entre ellas por el control del reino. Quia Emptores is a statute passed by the Parliament of England in 1290 during the reign of Edward I that prevented tenants from alienating their lands to others by subinfeudation, instead requiring all tenants who wished to alienate their land to do so by substitution. The statute, along with its companion statute Quo Warranto also passed in 1290, was intended to remedy land ownership disputes and consequent financial difficulties that had resulted from the decline of the traditional feudal system in England during the High Middle Ages. The name Quia Emptores derives from the first two words of the statute in its original mediaeval Latin, which can be translated as "because the buyers". Its long title is A Statute of our Lord The King, concerning the Selling and Buying of Land. It is also cited as the Statute of Westminster III, one of many English and British statutes with that title. Prior to the passage of Quia Emptores, tenants could either subinfeudate their land to another, which would make the new tenant their vassal, or substitute it, which would sever the old tenant's ties to the land completely and substitute the new tenant for the old with regards to obligations to the immediate overlord concerned. Subinfeudation would prove problematic so was banned by the statute. By effectively ending the practice of subinfeudation, Quia Emptores hastened the end of feudalism in England, although it had already been on the decline for quite some time. Direct feudal obligations were increasingly being replaced by cash rents and outright sales of land which gave rise to the practice of livery and maintenance or bastard feudalism; the retention and control by the nobility of land, money, soldiers and servants via direct salaries; and land sales and rent payments. By the mid-fifteenth century the major nobility were able to assemble estates, sums of money and private armies on retainer through post-Quia Emptores land management practices and direct sales of land. It is thought by historians such as Charles Plummer that this then developed into one of the possible underlying causes of the Wars of the Roses. Other sources indicate the essence of bastard feudalism as early as the 11th century in the form of livery and maintenance, and that elements of classical feudalism are significant as late as the 15th century. As of 2020 the statute remains in force in England and Wales, albeit in highly amended form. It was repealed in the Republic of Ireland in 2009. It had an impact in colonial America and thereby the modern United States. Quia Emptores nel Regno d'Inghilterra del 1290, (dal latino medievale "perché gli acquirenti", l'incipit del writ o documento) è stato uno statuto approvato con Edoardo I d'Inghilterra che ha impedito ai tenutari di un fondo feudale di alienare le loro terre ad altri, per sub-infeudazione, richiedendo invece a tutti gli inquilini che desideravano alienare la loro terra di farlo mediante la sostituzione. "Quia Emptores", abbinato insieme con lo statuto di Quo warranto, aveva lo scopo di risolvere le dispute di proprietà della terra e le conseguenti difficoltà finanziarie provocate dal declino del tradizionale sistema feudale durante il Pieno Medioevo. Parlamento che approvò lo statuto Quia Emptores nel 1290
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