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ويليام جي. ديفر 威廉·丹佛 William G. Dever William G. Dever William G. Dever William G. Dever William G. Dever William G. Dever William G. Dever
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William G. Dever (Louisville, 27 de novembro de 1933) é um arqueólogo estadunidense, especialista em história de Israel e Oriente Próximo dos tempos bíblicos, que foi professor de arqueologia e antropologia do Oriente Próximo na entre 1975 e 2002. Dever graduou-se em 1955 no Milligan College, e concluiu seu doutoramento na Universidade Harvard em 1966. William G. Dever is een Amerikaans archeoloog, die zich gespecialiseerd heeft in de in Bijbelse tijden. Hij was van 1975 tot 2002 professor archeologie en antropologie van het Nabije Oosten aan de universiteit van Arizona in Tucson. Dever studeerde in 1955 af aan de en ontving zijn Ph.D. aan de Harvard-universiteit in 1966. en Nochtans, stelt Dever ook duidelijk dat zijn historisch onderzoeksgebied in een veel breder kader zou moeten worden gezien dan slechts in welke mate het betrekking heeft op de Bijbel: William G. Dever (n. 27 de noviembre de 1933 en Louisville, Kentucky) es un arqueólogo estadounidense, especialista en la historia del Israel bíblico. Ha sido profesor de Arqueología de la Universidad de Arizona, Tucson, de 1975 a 2002. fue director de las excavaciones en Gézer 1966-71, 1984 y 1990, director de la excavación en y (Ribera Occidental) 1967-1971; investigador principal en las excavaciones de (Jordania) 1981-1985, y el subdirector de la expedición de la Universidad de Arizona a Idalion, Chipre, 1991, entre otras excavaciones.​ William Gwinn Dever (born November 27, 1933, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American archaeologist, Old Testament scholar, and historian, specialized in the history of the Ancient Near East and the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah in biblical times. He was Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Arizona in Tucson from 1975 to 2002. He is a Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at Lycoming College in Pennsylvania. ويليام جي. ديفر (بالإنجليزية: William G. Dever)‏ هو عالم عقيدة وعالم إنسان أمريكي، ولد في 27 نوفمبر 1933 في لويفيل في الولايات المتحدة. William Gwinn Dever (Louisville, 27 novembre 1933) è un archeologo statunitense, specializzato nella storia di Israele e del Vicino Oriente durante tempi biblici.È stato Professore di Archeologia e Antropologia del Vicino Oriente presso l'Università dell'Arizona a Tucson dal 1975 al 2002 ed è Professore Distinto di Archeologia del Vicino Oriente al Lycoming College in Pennsylvania. William G. Dever, né le 27 novembre 1933 à Louisville au Kentucky, est un archéologue américain, spécialiste de la période biblique. Il a été professeur d'archéologie à l'université d'Arizona, à Tucson, de 1975 à 2002. Il n'appartient pas au courant de l'Archéologie biblique, dont il considère que la démarche est trop réductrice à la Bible et trop naïve. William G. Dever és un arqueòleg nord-americà, especialista en la història de l'Israel bíblic. Va ser professor d'Arqueologia de la Universitat d'Arizona, Tucson, 1975 a 2002. Va ser director de les excavacions a Gezer 1966-71, 1984 i 1990, director de l'excavació a i (Ribera Occidental) 1967-1971; investigador principal en les excavacions de (Jordània) 1981-1985, i el subdirector de l'expedició de la Universitat d'Arizona al Idàlion, Xipre, 1991, entre altres excavacions. 威廉·丹佛（英語：William G. Dever 1933年11月27日－，出生于美国肯塔基州的路易維爾）是一个美国考古学家與舊約聖經的學者，专长于圣经时代（聖經中發生的年代）古以色列和古代近东历史。1975年至2002年间，曾担任美国亚利桑那大学的近东考古和人类学教授。 他亦是近東考古學的名譽教授。
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William Gwinn Dever (born November 27, 1933, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American archaeologist, Old Testament scholar, and historian, specialized in the history of the Ancient Near East and the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah in biblical times. He was Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Arizona in Tucson from 1975 to 2002. He is a Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at Lycoming College in Pennsylvania. 威廉·丹佛（英語：William G. Dever 1933年11月27日－，出生于美国肯塔基州的路易維爾）是一个美国考古学家與舊約聖經的學者，专长于圣经时代（聖經中發生的年代）古以色列和古代近东历史。1975年至2002年间，曾担任美国亚利桑那大学的近东考古和人类学教授。 他亦是近東考古學的名譽教授。 William G. Dever, né le 27 novembre 1933 à Louisville au Kentucky, est un archéologue américain, spécialiste de la période biblique. Il a été professeur d'archéologie à l'université d'Arizona, à Tucson, de 1975 à 2002. Dever est un spécialiste des questions relatives à l'historicité de la Bible. Il est un des derniers archéologues reconnus à s’être opposés à ceux qu’il appelle les « minimalistes » qui nient toute valeur historique à la Bible sans jamais toutefois se rapprocher des thèses des maximalistes. Il a notamment écrit Quand la Bible dit Vrai en réponse au livre La Bible dévoilée. Mais, plus récemment, il a fini par se rapprocher des positions minimalistes. « J'ai écrit pour mettre en échec les minimalistes, puis je suis devenu un d'entre eux » (I wrote to frustrate Biblical minimalists, then I became one of them). Il n'appartient pas au courant de l'Archéologie biblique, dont il considère que la démarche est trop réductrice à la Bible et trop naïve. Il a repris la théorie de la révolte paysanne, du bibliste George Mendenhall et du sociologue , sur l'origine des premiers Israélites. Selon cette théorie, la conquête israélite s'est accomplie lorsqu'un nombre important de paysans cananéens ont renversé leurs maîtres et seigneurs des cités pour devenir la communauté des Israélites. Dever a complété cette théorie en lui ajoutant une argumentation archéologique, selon laquelle l'occupation des hautes terres est attribuée à deux innovations technologiques : la capacité de creuser des citernes dans le roc et celle de les enduire. Israël Finkelstein, l'un des archéologues à qui on doit la découverte des habitats des premiers Israélites, conteste cette thèse en faisant remarquer que la technologie des citernes était connue et utilisée bien longtemps avant l'émergence de l'Israël primitif. William Gwinn Dever (Louisville, 27 novembre 1933) è un archeologo statunitense, specializzato nella storia di Israele e del Vicino Oriente durante tempi biblici.È stato Professore di Archeologia e Antropologia del Vicino Oriente presso l'Università dell'Arizona a Tucson dal 1975 al 2002 ed è Professore Distinto di Archeologia del Vicino Oriente al Lycoming College in Pennsylvania. William G. Dever (n. 27 de noviembre de 1933 en Louisville, Kentucky) es un arqueólogo estadounidense, especialista en la historia del Israel bíblico. Ha sido profesor de Arqueología de la Universidad de Arizona, Tucson, de 1975 a 2002. fue director de las excavaciones en Gézer 1966-71, 1984 y 1990, director de la excavación en y (Ribera Occidental) 1967-1971; investigador principal en las excavaciones de (Jordania) 1981-1985, y el subdirector de la expedición de la Universidad de Arizona a Idalion, Chipre, 1991, entre otras excavaciones.​ Dever, como hijo de un pastor evangélico fue educado en esta fe, y se convirtió en predicador.​ Más tarde, rechazó el cristianismo y se convirtió al judaísmo reformista,​ aunque ahora se identifica como humanista secular​ y no creyente.​ Está casado con Pamela Gaber, profesora de Antiguo Testamento y Estudios Judaicos del Lycoming College.​ ويليام جي. ديفر (بالإنجليزية: William G. Dever)‏ هو عالم عقيدة وعالم إنسان أمريكي، ولد في 27 نوفمبر 1933 في لويفيل في الولايات المتحدة. William G. Dever és un arqueòleg nord-americà, especialista en la història de l'Israel bíblic. Va ser professor d'Arqueologia de la Universitat d'Arizona, Tucson, 1975 a 2002. Va ser director de les excavacions a Gezer 1966-71, 1984 i 1990, director de l'excavació a i (Ribera Occidental) 1967-1971; investigador principal en les excavacions de (Jordània) 1981-1985, i el subdirector de l'expedició de la Universitat d'Arizona al Idàlion, Xipre, 1991, entre altres excavacions. William G. Dever is een Amerikaans archeoloog, die zich gespecialiseerd heeft in de in Bijbelse tijden. Hij was van 1975 tot 2002 professor archeologie en antropologie van het Nabije Oosten aan de universiteit van Arizona in Tucson. Dever studeerde in 1955 af aan de en ontving zijn Ph.D. aan de Harvard-universiteit in 1966. Dever was de leider bij de - opgravingen van 1966-71, 1984 en 1990 in . Van 1967 to 1971 had hij de leiding over de opgravingen in en (Westelijke Jordaanoever). Hij was de voornaamste onderzoeker bij de opgravingen in (Jordanië) van 1981 tot 1985 en assistent-leider tijdens de onderzoeken van de universiteit van Arizona in Idalion op Cyprus van 1991. Daarnaast nam hij deel aan vele andere opgravingen. Na zijn emeritaat is Dever een frequente auteur geworden in verband met vragen die betrekking hebben op de historiciteit van de Bijbel. Hij is vernietigend in zijn afwijzing van de "minimalisten" die elke historische waarde van de Bijbel ontkennen. Hijzelf is echter evenmin een aanhanger van de . Hij heeft hierover het volgende geschreven: I am not reading the Bible as Scripture.... I am in fact not even a theist. My view all along—and especially in the recent books—is first that the biblical narratives are indeed 'stories,' often fictional and almost always propagandistic, but that here and there they contain some valid historical information. That hardly makes me a 'maximalist.' en Archaeology as it is practiced today must be able to challenge, as well as confirm, the Bible stories. Some things described there really did happen, but others did not. The Biblical narratives about Abraham, Moses, Joshua and Solomon probably reflect some historical memories of people and places, but the "larger than life" portraits of the Bible are unrealistic and contradicted by the archaeological evidence. Nochtans, stelt Dever ook duidelijk dat zijn historisch onderzoeksgebied in een veel breder kader zou moeten worden gezien dan slechts in welke mate het betrekking heeft op de Bijbel: The most naïve [misconception about Syro-Palestinian archaeology] is that the rationale and purpose of "" (and, by extrapolation, Syro-Palestinian archaeology) is simply to elucidate the Bible, or the lands of the Bible Hij heeft de theorie van de boerenopstand, van en socioloog , over de oorsprong van de eerste Israëlieten hernomen. Volgens deze theorie, was de Israëlitische verovering een feit nadat een aanzienlijk aantal Kanaänitische boeren hun meesters en heren van de steden ten val hadden gebracht om de gemeenschap van Israëlieten te worden. Hij heeft deze theorie aan de hand van archeologische bewijsvoering aangevuld, volgens dewelke de inname van de hoger gelegen gebieden te danken is aan twee technologische innovaties: de mogelijkheid om citernen uit te houwen in de rots en de mogelijkheid om ze te plamuren. Israël Finkelstein, een van de archeologen aan wie men de ontdekking van de kledij van de eerste Israëlieten te danken heeft, heeft deze theorie in twijfel getrokken door op te merken dat de technologie van cisternen reeds lang bekend was en gebruikt werd voor het ontstaan van primitief Israël. William G. Dever (Louisville, 27 de novembro de 1933) é um arqueólogo estadunidense, especialista em história de Israel e Oriente Próximo dos tempos bíblicos, que foi professor de arqueologia e antropologia do Oriente Próximo na entre 1975 e 2002. Dever graduou-se em 1955 no Milligan College, e concluiu seu doutoramento na Universidade Harvard em 1966. Dever foi diretor de escavações em 1966-71, 1984 e 1990, diretor da escavação em Khirbet el-Kom e Qacaqir Jebel (West Bank) 1967-71; investigador principal em Tell el-Hayyat escavações (Jordânia) 1981-85, e diretor assistente da Universidade do Arizona Expedição ao , Chipre, 1991, entre outras escavações. Ele usou sua extensa experiência em arqueologia do Oriente Próximo campo para argumentar, em Será que Deus tem uma esposa? Arqueologia e religião popular no Antigo Israel (2005), para a persistência da veneração de ídolo na religião todos os dias de 'pessoas comuns' no antigo Israel e Judá. Discutir evidências arqueológicas de uma série extensa de sites israelitas, em grande parte datado entre os dias 12 e 8 aC, Dever argumentou que esta religião 'popular', com os seus altares locais e objetos cultuais, amuletos e oferendas votivas, foi representante da perspectiva da maioria da população, e que a Jerusalém centrada "religião livro do Deuteronômio estabelecem na Bíblia hebraica foi sempre apenas o privilégio de uma elite, um ideal "em grande parte impraticável 'religiosa.
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