. . . "The 2019\u20132021 Algerian protests, also called Revolution of Smiles or Hirak Movement (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0650\u0631\u064E\u0627\u0643, romanized: al-\u1E24ir\u0101k, lit.\u2009'The movement'), began on 16 February 2019, six days after Abdelaziz Bouteflika announced his candidacy for a fifth presidential term in a signed statement. These protests, without precedent since the Algerian Civil War, were peaceful and led the military to insist on Bouteflika's immediate resignation, which took place on 2 April 2019. By early May, a significant number of power-brokers close to the deposed administration, including the former president's younger brother Sa\u00EFd, had been arrested."@en . . "y"@en . "Noureddine Bedoui"@en . . . . "--10-05"^^ . . . . "2019\u5E74\u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u793A\u5A01\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u5FAE\u7B11\u9769\u547D\uFF0C\u5728\u963F\u535C\u675C\u52D2-\u963F\u9F50\u5179\u00B7\u5E03\u7279\u5F17\u5229\u5361\u7B7E\u7F72\u58F0\u660E\u5BA3\u5E03\u7ADE\u9010\u7B2C\u4E94\u4E2A\u603B\u7EDF\u4EFB\u671F\u5341\u5929\u540E\u76842019\u5E742\u670816\u65E5\u5F00\u59CB\u3002\u8FD9\u662F\u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u5185\u6218\u4EE5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u573A\u548C\u5E73\u6297\u8BAE\u6D3B\u52A8\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u5BFC\u81F4\u5E03\u7279\u5F17\u5229\u5361\u5728\u519B\u65B9\u7684\u575A\u6301\u4E0B\u4E8E2019\u5E744\u67082\u65E5\u7ACB\u5373\u8F9E\u804C\u3002 \u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u4EBA\u6C11\u7684\u793A\u5A01\u6FC0\u52B1\u4E86\u82CF\u4E39\u4EBA\u6C11\u793A\u5A01\u63A8\u7FFB\u73B0\u4EFB\u603B\u7EDF\u5965\u9A6C\u5C14\u00B7\u5DF4\u5E0C\u5C14\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "Le proteste in Algeria del 2019-2020, note anche come primavera algerina, rivoluzione del sorriso o movimento Hirak (in arabo: \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643\u200E ed in berbero \u2D30\u2D4F\u2D37\u2D53\u2D37\u2D37\u2D49), sono una serie di proteste in numerose citt\u00E0 dell'Algeria, iniziate nel febbraio 2019 contro la candidatura per il quinto mandato, e del prolungamento del quarto, del presidente Abdelaziz Bouteflika. L'intensificarsi delle proteste ha obbligato Bouteflika, inizialmente, ad annullare la sua candidatura per il quinto mandato e, infine, alle sue dimissioni a seguito dell'ultimatum da parte del Capo di Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito ."@it . . . . . "November 2020"@en . "Protesty w Algierii (2019\u20132020)"@pl . . . . . . . "Proteste in Algeria del 2019-2020"@it . "Government leaders:"@en . . . . "Protes Aljazair 2019\u20132020"@in . "Abdelaziz Djerrad"@en . "Le proteste in Algeria del 2019-2020, note anche come primavera algerina, rivoluzione del sorriso o movimento Hirak (in arabo: \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643\u200E ed in berbero \u2D30\u2D4F\u2D37\u2D53\u2D37\u2D37\u2D49), sono una serie di proteste in numerose citt\u00E0 dell'Algeria, iniziate nel febbraio 2019 contro la candidatura per il quinto mandato, e del prolungamento del quarto, del presidente Abdelaziz Bouteflika. L'intensificarsi delle proteste ha obbligato Bouteflika, inizialmente, ad annullare la sua candidatura per il quinto mandato e, infine, alle sue dimissioni a seguito dell'ultimatum da parte del Capo di Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito . Queste manifestazioni sono state principalmente pacifiche, tuttavia ci sono stati alcuni scontri che hanno provocato due morti e un centinaio di feriti."@it . . . "--12-12"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 2019\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A \u0647\u064A \u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062F\u0644\u0639\u062A \u0641\u064A 22 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631 2019 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u062F\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062A\u0631\u0634\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0644\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u061B \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643\u064E \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062F\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0634\u062D \u0623\u062D\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u062C\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628\u064A \u062B\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0644\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0647\u064F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062F\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064F\u0635\u064A\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0629 \u062F\u0645\u0627\u063A\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0647\u062F \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0644\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631."@ar . . . . . . . "1124612115"^^ . "Las protestas en Argelia tambi\u00E9n conocido como \"Hirak argelino\"\u200B se iniciaron el 16 de febrero de 2019 a nivel local en Kherrata en la provincia de Bug\u00EDa reclamando la renuncia del presidente Abelaziz Buteflika a un quinto mandato en las elecciones inicialmente convocadas para el 18 de abril de 2019.\u200B Los siguientes d\u00EDas se fueron extendiendo a trav\u00E9s de las redes sociales hasta culminar el 22 de febrero en una convocatoria seguida a nivel nacional. El 22 de febrero es as\u00ED la fecha considerada como aniversario de este movimiento.\u200B Desde un principio ya se identificaron las protestas como una movilizaci\u00F3n sin precedentes desde 1999, final de la guerra civil argelina.\u200B El 11 de marzo el presidente Buteflika anunci\u00F3 su renuncia a un quinto mandato. El siguiente paso fue un cambio de gobierno "@es . . . . . . . . . "Abdelkader Bensalah"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Salah Eddine Dahmoune"@en . . . . . . "60179677"^^ . . "Belkacem Zeghmati"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Le Hirak (en arabe : \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643, en fran\u00E7ais : Mouvement, en berb\u00E8re : \u2D30\u2D4E\u2D53\u2D59\u2D59\u2D53 ou \u2D30\u2D4F\u2D37\u2D53\u2D37\u2D37\u2D49, prononc\u00E9 : Amussu ou Anduddi) est une s\u00E9rie de manifestations hebdomadaires qui ont lieu entre 2019 et 2021 en Alg\u00E9rie pour protester dans un premier temps contre la candidature d'Abdelaziz Bouteflika \u00E0 un cinqui\u00E8me mandat pr\u00E9sidentiel, puis contre son projet, \u00E9galement contest\u00E9 par l'arm\u00E9e, de se maintenir au pouvoir \u00E0 l'issue de son quatri\u00E8me mandat dans le cadre d'une transition et de la mise en \u0153uvre de r\u00E9formes. Par la suite, les protestataires r\u00E9clament la mise en place d'une Deuxi\u00E8me R\u00E9publique, et le d\u00E9part des dignitaires du r\u00E9gime, notamment parce que ceux-ci organisent le prochain scrutin avec les candidatures de caciques du r\u00E9gime, ce qui m\u00E8ne \u00E0 l'\u00E9lection de l'ancien Premier ministre Abdelmad"@fr . . . "* Resignation of Presidents Abdelaziz Bouteflika then Abdelkader Bensalah then Abdelmadjid Tebboune and their cabinets\n* End Army influence on politics\n* Constituent assembly\n* Democratic transition"@en . "2019\u5E74\u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u793A\u5A01\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u5FAE\u7B11\u9769\u547D\uFF0C\u5728\u963F\u535C\u675C\u52D2-\u963F\u9F50\u5179\u00B7\u5E03\u7279\u5F17\u5229\u5361\u7B7E\u7F72\u58F0\u660E\u5BA3\u5E03\u7ADE\u9010\u7B2C\u4E94\u4E2A\u603B\u7EDF\u4EFB\u671F\u5341\u5929\u540E\u76842019\u5E742\u670816\u65E5\u5F00\u59CB\u3002\u8FD9\u662F\u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u5185\u6218\u4EE5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u573A\u548C\u5E73\u6297\u8BAE\u6D3B\u52A8\uFF0C\u6700\u7EC8\u5BFC\u81F4\u5E03\u7279\u5F17\u5229\u5361\u5728\u519B\u65B9\u7684\u575A\u6301\u4E0B\u4E8E2019\u5E744\u67082\u65E5\u7ACB\u5373\u8F9E\u804C\u3002 \u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u4EBA\u6C11\u7684\u793A\u5A01\u6FC0\u52B1\u4E86\u82CF\u4E39\u4EBA\u6C11\u793A\u5A01\u63A8\u7FFB\u73B0\u4EFB\u603B\u7EDF\u5965\u9A6C\u5C14\u00B7\u5DF4\u5E0C\u5C14\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--02-22"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Las protestas en Argelia tambi\u00E9n conocido como \"Hirak argelino\"\u200B se iniciaron el 16 de febrero de 2019 a nivel local en Kherrata en la provincia de Bug\u00EDa reclamando la renuncia del presidente Abelaziz Buteflika a un quinto mandato en las elecciones inicialmente convocadas para el 18 de abril de 2019.\u200B Los siguientes d\u00EDas se fueron extendiendo a trav\u00E9s de las redes sociales hasta culminar el 22 de febrero en una convocatoria seguida a nivel nacional. El 22 de febrero es as\u00ED la fecha considerada como aniversario de este movimiento.\u200B Desde un principio ya se identificaron las protestas como una movilizaci\u00F3n sin precedentes desde 1999, final de la guerra civil argelina.\u200B El 11 de marzo el presidente Buteflika anunci\u00F3 su renuncia a un quinto mandato. El siguiente paso fue un cambio de gobierno y el primer ministro Ahmed Ouyahia fue reemplazado por Nuredin Bedui, hasta entonces ministro del Interior. La movilizaci\u00F3n en la calle continu\u00F3 y el 2 de abril Buteflika renunci\u00F3 a su cargo. El 9 de abril fue elegido presidente interino Abdelkader Bensalah, presidente del Consejo de la Naci\u00F3n de Argelia, la c\u00E1mara alta del Parlamento de Argelia desde 2002. Un d\u00EDa despu\u00E9s Bensalah anuncia un proceso de transici\u00F3n y nueva convocatoria electoral para el 4 de julio. Desde el 1 de abril se han iniciado una serie de detenciones. El primer detenido fue Ali Haddad, uno de los hombres m\u00E1s ricos del pa\u00EDs, expresidente del c\u00EDrculo de empresarios, y uno de los hombres pr\u00F3ximos a Said Buteflika, hermano del presidente y hombre fuerte del pa\u00EDs. Haddad intentaba salir del pa\u00EDs a trav\u00E9s de la frontera tunecina. Un mes despu\u00E9s, el 4 de mayo, es el propio Said Buteflika quien es detenido junto a dos generales responsables de los servicios secretos en los \u00FAltimos a\u00F1os, el hist\u00F3rico Mohamed Mediene, alias Tufik, y el general Atm\u00E1n Tartag alais Bachir que sustituy\u00F3 a Tufik los cuatro \u00FAltimos a\u00F1os y que dimiti\u00F3 el mismo d\u00EDa que el presidente Buteflika, el 2 de abril.\u200B El 9 de mayo ingresa tambi\u00E9n en prisi\u00F3n Louisa Hanun, l\u00EDder del Partido de los Trabajadores de Argelia."@es . "the 2018\u20132022 Arab protests"@en . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044B \u0432 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0425\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043A \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0443\u043B\u044B\u0431\u043E\u043A \u2014 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0435 2019 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F 82-\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u043E\u043A."@ru . . . . "183"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Protestos na Arg\u00E9lia em 2019 come\u00E7aram em 16 de fevereiro a n\u00EDvel local em Kherrata, na prov\u00EDncia de Bugia. Nos dias seguintes o movimento ampliou-se atrav\u00E9s das redes sociais at\u00E9 culminar no dia 22 de fevereiro em uma convoca\u00E7\u00E3o a n\u00EDvel nacional para rejeitar um quinto mandato do presidente Abdelaziz Buteflika. Em 10 de fevereiro, o mandat\u00E1rio havia declarado oficialmente sua candidatura nas elei\u00E7\u00F5es presidenciais na Arg\u00E9lia previstas para 18 de abril de 2019. Estes protestos, sem precedentes pela sua magnitude desde a Guerra Civil da Arg\u00E9lia, tem sido relativamente pac\u00EDficos."@pt . . . "Tayeb Belaiz"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "183839"^^ . . . . . . "Slimane Chenine"@en . . "2019\u20132021 Algerian protests"@en . . "Ahmed Ouyahia"@en . . . . "Protesty w Algierii \u2013 seria antyrz\u0105dowych protest\u00F3w w Algierii trwa\u0142a od 22 lutego 2019 do 20 marca 2020. Bezpo\u015Bredni\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 ich zaistnienia by\u0142 sprzeciw wobec starania si\u0119 o pi\u0105t\u0105 z rz\u0119du reelekcj\u0119 przez prezydenta Abd al-Aziza Buteflik\u0119. Najwi\u0119ksze demonstracje odbywa\u0142y si\u0119 w stolicy kraju, Algierze, gdzie uczestniczy\u0142o w nich ok. p\u00F3\u0142 miliona os\u00F3b. Jedn\u0105 z najliczniejszych grup spo\u015Br\u00F3d protestuj\u0105cych stanowi\u0142a m\u0142odzie\u017C studencka. Protesty mia\u0142y na og\u00F3\u0142 charakter pokojowy, dochodzi\u0142o jedynie do nielicznych star\u0107 z policj\u0105. Ich g\u0142\u00F3wnym rezultatem jest ust\u0105pienie prezydenta Butefliki oraz premiera Ahmada Ujahji."@pl . "* Demonstrations\n* Protest marches\n*Sit-ins\n* Online activism\n* Civil disobedience\n* General strikes"@en . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044B \u0432 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0425\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043A \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0443\u043B\u044B\u0431\u043E\u043A \u2014 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0435 2019 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F 82-\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u044F\u0442\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u043E\u043A."@ru . . . "Hirak (Alg\u00E9rie)"@fr . ""@en . . . . . . . . . "2019\uFF0D2021\u5E74\u963F\u5C14\u53CA\u5229\u4E9A\u793A\u5A01"@zh . . . "Sabri Boukadoum"@en . . "Sa\u00EFd Chengriha"@en . . "Kamel Beldjoud"@en . . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044B \u0432 \u0410\u043B\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435 (2019)"@ru . . . . "The 2019\u20132021 Algerian protests, also called Revolution of Smiles or Hirak Movement (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0650\u0631\u064E\u0627\u0643, romanized: al-\u1E24ir\u0101k, lit.\u2009'The movement'), began on 16 February 2019, six days after Abdelaziz Bouteflika announced his candidacy for a fifth presidential term in a signed statement. These protests, without precedent since the Algerian Civil War, were peaceful and led the military to insist on Bouteflika's immediate resignation, which took place on 2 April 2019. By early May, a significant number of power-brokers close to the deposed administration, including the former president's younger brother Sa\u00EFd, had been arrested. The rising tensions within the Algerian regime can be traced back to the beginning of Bouteflika's rule which has been characterized by the state's monopoly on natural resources revenues used to finance the government's clientelist system and ensure its stability. The major demonstrations have taken place in the largest urban centers of Algeria from February to December 2019. Due to their significant scale, the protests attracted international media coverage and provoked reactions from several heads of states and scholarly figures."@en . . . . . . "--02-16"^^ . . . "\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 2019"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Abdelaziz Bouteflika"@en . . . . "Protesty w Algierii \u2013 seria antyrz\u0105dowych protest\u00F3w w Algierii trwa\u0142a od 22 lutego 2019 do 20 marca 2020. Bezpo\u015Bredni\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 ich zaistnienia by\u0142 sprzeciw wobec starania si\u0119 o pi\u0105t\u0105 z rz\u0119du reelekcj\u0119 przez prezydenta Abd al-Aziza Buteflik\u0119. Najwi\u0119ksze demonstracje odbywa\u0142y si\u0119 w stolicy kraju, Algierze, gdzie uczestniczy\u0142o w nich ok. p\u00F3\u0142 miliona os\u00F3b. Jedn\u0105 z najliczniejszych grup spo\u015Br\u00F3d protestuj\u0105cych stanowi\u0142a m\u0142odzie\u017C studencka. Protesty mia\u0142y na og\u00F3\u0142 charakter pokojowy, dochodzi\u0142o jedynie do nielicznych star\u0107 z policj\u0105. Ich g\u0142\u00F3wnym rezultatem jest ust\u0105pienie prezydenta Butefliki oraz premiera Ahmada Ujahji."@pl . . "Protestos na Arg\u00E9lia em 2019"@pt . . "2019"^^ . . . . . . "Ahmed Gaid Salah #"@en . . . . . "Abdelmalek Sellal"@en . . "Le Hirak (en arabe : \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643, en fran\u00E7ais : Mouvement, en berb\u00E8re : \u2D30\u2D4E\u2D53\u2D59\u2D59\u2D53 ou \u2D30\u2D4F\u2D37\u2D53\u2D37\u2D37\u2D49, prononc\u00E9 : Amussu ou Anduddi) est une s\u00E9rie de manifestations hebdomadaires qui ont lieu entre 2019 et 2021 en Alg\u00E9rie pour protester dans un premier temps contre la candidature d'Abdelaziz Bouteflika \u00E0 un cinqui\u00E8me mandat pr\u00E9sidentiel, puis contre son projet, \u00E9galement contest\u00E9 par l'arm\u00E9e, de se maintenir au pouvoir \u00E0 l'issue de son quatri\u00E8me mandat dans le cadre d'une transition et de la mise en \u0153uvre de r\u00E9formes. Par la suite, les protestataires r\u00E9clament la mise en place d'une Deuxi\u00E8me R\u00E9publique, et le d\u00E9part des dignitaires du r\u00E9gime, notamment parce que ceux-ci organisent le prochain scrutin avec les candidatures de caciques du r\u00E9gime, ce qui m\u00E8ne \u00E0 l'\u00E9lection de l'ancien Premier ministre Abdelmadjid Tebboune, lui-m\u00EAme contest\u00E9 par les manifestants. D'une ampleur in\u00E9dite depuis des d\u00E9cennies, ces manifestations, qui ont essentiellement lieu les vendredis et mardis (pour les \u00E9tudiants), conduisent Bouteflika \u00E0 d\u00E9missionner le 2 avril 2019, apr\u00E8s la d\u00E9fection de l'Arm\u00E9e nationale populaire, qui s'opposait au projet de Bouteflika de se maintenir au pouvoir au-del\u00E0 de son mandat dans le cadre d'une transition et de r\u00E9formes. Celui-ci est remplac\u00E9 par int\u00E9rim par Abdelkader Bensalah. Les manifestants continuent cependant \u00E0 se mobiliser afin d'obtenir la mise en place d'une transition et la nomination d'un pr\u00E9sident et d'un gouvernement de consensus, ce que rejette l'arm\u00E9e, arguant que cette proposition serait inconstitutionnelle et source d'instabilit\u00E9. L'arm\u00E9e rejette \u00E9galement toute transition, que ce soit en convoquant une assembl\u00E9e constituante, ou des l\u00E9gislatives anticip\u00E9es, ou tout d\u00E9part de l'\u00E9quipe ex\u00E9cutive sortante. Des oligarques et des dignitaires du r\u00E9gime, dont Sa\u00EFd Bouteflika, et de nombreux ministres, dont les anciens chefs de gouvernement Ahmed Ouyahia et Abdelmalek Sellal, sont arr\u00EAt\u00E9s, de m\u00EAme que la trotskyste Louisa Hanoune. Alors que la r\u00E9pression s'intensifie, le r\u00E9gime menace de repr\u00E9sailles les personnes pr\u00F4nant une transition, puis d'arr\u00EAter les manifestants, notamment ceux qui portent le drapeau berb\u00E8re, ou encore le v\u00E9t\u00E9ran de la guerre d'Alg\u00E9rie, Lakhdar Bouregaa, et les opposants et autres figures du mouvement, Rachid Nekkaz et Karim Tabbou. Abdelkader Bensalah se maintient finalement au pouvoir apr\u00E8s la fin de sa p\u00E9riode d'int\u00E9rim de trois mois, ce que des observateurs jugent comme \u00E9tant inconstitutionnel. Lui-m\u00EAme prendra des d\u00E9cisions contest\u00E9es pour inconstitutionnalit\u00E9. Pendant l'\u00E9t\u00E9 2019, la mobilisation baisse, alors que le r\u00E9gime tente d'organiser une pr\u00E9sidentielle avant la fin de l'ann\u00E9e, apr\u00E8s avoir fait appel \u00E0 un panel de dialogue contest\u00E9 et mis en place une instance d'organisation des \u00E9lections. La mobilisation reprend quelque peu \u00E0 la rentr\u00E9e, sans toutefois atteindre les sommets de f\u00E9vrier-avril, les manifestants rejetant ainsi toute pr\u00E9sidentielle organis\u00E9e sous l'\u00E9gide du pouvoir ex\u00E9cutif sortant, de m\u00EAme que les candidatures de personnalit\u00E9s issues du r\u00E9gime. Au m\u00EAme moment, un raidissement de la r\u00E9pression est constat\u00E9, avec l'arrestation de plusieurs opposants, journalistes et activistes, tandis que l'arm\u00E9e tente de bloquer les entr\u00E9es vers la capitale et de p\u00E9naliser le mouvement, pour emp\u00EAcher les citoyens des autres r\u00E9gions de venir manifester. Par ailleurs, plusieurs m\u00E9dias tout en ligne sont censur\u00E9s. Les cinq candidatures retenues en novembre 2019 sont celles de \u00AB caciques \u00BB du r\u00E9gime. Des pics de participation ont cependant lieu lors des f\u00EAtes nationales du 5-Juillet et du 1er-Novembre, ainsi que lors des deux semaines pr\u00E9c\u00E9dant la pr\u00E9sidentielle contest\u00E9e de d\u00E9cembre 2019. \u00C9lu lors du scrutin contest\u00E9 de d\u00E9cembre 2019, Abdelmadjid Tebboune est \u00E0 son tour la cible des manifestants, qui r\u00E9clament son d\u00E9part. Le chef d'\u00E9tat-major de l'arm\u00E9e alg\u00E9rienne, Ahmed Ga\u00EFd Salah, meurt quelques jours plus tard. En d\u00E9but d'ann\u00E9e 2020, alors que certains d\u00E9tenus d'opinion sont lib\u00E9r\u00E9s, Tebboune amorce une r\u00E9forme constitutionnelle. Cependant, les marches se poursuivent bien qu'avec un nombre moins important de participants. La pand\u00E9mie de Covid-19 conduit \u00E0 la suspension des marches, tandis que le r\u00E9gime r\u00E9incarc\u00E8re certaines figures de la contestation et en arr\u00EAte d'autres, tout en condamnant ceux d\u00E9j\u00E0 en prison \u00E0 de lourdes peines. Le mouvement reprend \u00E0 l'approche de son second anniversaire malgr\u00E9 la crise sanitaire qui conna\u00EEt alors une relative accalmie puis est r\u00E9prim\u00E9 par le r\u00E9gime."@fr . . . "Non-centralized leadership"@en . . . "25"^^ . . . . . "\u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 2019\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A \u0647\u064A \u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062F\u0644\u0639\u062A \u0641\u064A 22 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0631 2019 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u062F\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062A\u0631\u0634\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0644\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u061B \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643\u064E \u0628\u0639\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062F\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0634\u062D \u0623\u062D\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u062C\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064A \u062D\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628\u064A \u062B\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062D\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0644\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u063A\u0645 \u062D\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0647\u064F \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062F\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064F\u0635\u064A\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u062A\u0629 \u062F\u0645\u0627\u063A\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062D\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0647\u062F \u0628\u0648\u062A\u0641\u0644\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631."@ar . . "Protestas en Argelia de 2019-2020"@es . . . "Mouad Bouchareb"@en . "Protestos na Arg\u00E9lia em 2019 come\u00E7aram em 16 de fevereiro a n\u00EDvel local em Kherrata, na prov\u00EDncia de Bugia. Nos dias seguintes o movimento ampliou-se atrav\u00E9s das redes sociais at\u00E9 culminar no dia 22 de fevereiro em uma convoca\u00E7\u00E3o a n\u00EDvel nacional para rejeitar um quinto mandato do presidente Abdelaziz Buteflika. Em 10 de fevereiro, o mandat\u00E1rio havia declarado oficialmente sua candidatura nas elei\u00E7\u00F5es presidenciais na Arg\u00E9lia previstas para 18 de abril de 2019. Estes protestos, sem precedentes pela sua magnitude desde a Guerra Civil da Arg\u00E9lia, tem sido relativamente pac\u00EDficos. Em 11 de mar\u00E7o, o presidente Buteflika anunciou sua ren\u00FAncia a um quinto mandato e o adiamento sem data das elei\u00E7\u00F5es marcadas para abril. Nuredin Bedui, at\u00E9 ent\u00E3o ministro do interior, foi nomeado primeiro-ministro para substituir Ahmed Uyahia. Um dia depois, ocorre a convoca\u00E7\u00E3o de uma confer\u00EAncia nacional e a cria\u00E7\u00E3o de um comit\u00EA para dirigir a transi\u00E7\u00E3o. As medidas anunciadas n\u00E3o encerraram as manifesta\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt . . . . . . . . "Protes Aljazair 2019\u20132020, juga disebut sebagai Revolusi Senyum, dimulai pada 16 Februari 2019, sepuluh hari setelah Abdelaziz Bouteflika mengumumkan pencalonannya kembali sebagai presiden untuk masa jabatan kelima dalam sebuah pernyataan yang ditandatangani. Protes-protes ini, tanpa preseden sejak Perang Saudara Aljazair, berlangsung damai dan membuat militer bersikeras agar Bouteflika segera mengundurkan diri, yang berlangsung pada 2 April 2019."@in . "Abdelmadjid Tebboune"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Anti-government protesters:\n*Liberals\n*Protectionists\n*Berberists\n*Feminists\n*Arabists \n*Socialists\n----\nOrganizations:\n*Civil Forum for Change \n*Femmes alg\u00E9riennes pour un changement vers l'\u00E9galit\u00E9 \n*Dynamiques de la soci\u00E9t\u00E9 civile \n*National Committee for the Liberation of Detainees\n*Rachad\n----\nPolitical parties:\n*Forces of the Democratic Alternative \n**Socialist Forces Front\n**Rally for Culture and Democracy\n**Workers' Party\n**Socialist Workers Party\n**Union for Change and Progress\n**Democratic and Social Movement\n**Party for Secularism and Democracy\n*Movement of Society for Peace \n*Union for Renaissance and Justice and Construction\n**Islamic Renaissance Movement\n**Justice and Development Front\n----\nSupported by:\n*25px European Parliament"@en . . . . . "Protes Aljazair 2019\u20132020, juga disebut sebagai Revolusi Senyum, dimulai pada 16 Februari 2019, sepuluh hari setelah Abdelaziz Bouteflika mengumumkan pencalonannya kembali sebagai presiden untuk masa jabatan kelima dalam sebuah pernyataan yang ditandatangani. Protes-protes ini, tanpa preseden sejak Perang Saudara Aljazair, berlangsung damai dan membuat militer bersikeras agar Bouteflika segera mengundurkan diri, yang berlangsung pada 2 April 2019."@in . . . . ""@en . . "* Bouteflika's 5th term\n* Political corruption\n* Electoral fraud\n* Restriction on the freedom of the press\n* Unemployment"@en . . . "+1200"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--02-18"^^ . . . . . .