. . . . . . . "La datazione assoluta \u00E8 il processo di determinazione dell'et\u00E0 cronologica di un reperto. Viene utilizzata principalmente in scienze come l'archeologia e la geologia. Alcuni studiosi propongono di utilizzare la dizione datazione cronometrica o datazione di calendario per evitare che l'utilizzo del termine \"assoluta\" porti a garantire un'accuratezza non implicita. La datazione assoluta fornisce un'et\u00E0 o un intervallo di et\u00E0 numerico, in contrasto alla datazione relativa che invece posiziona gli eventi in relazione a un riferimento noto o senza appurare la differenza di et\u00E0 tra gli eventi."@it . "Les t\u00E8cniques de dataci\u00F3 absoluta permeten avaluar l'antiguitat d'objectes o restes arqueol\u00F2giques en termes independents d'altres objectes d'estudi. Per a tal fi s'utilitzen t\u00E8cniques diverses basades en propietats f\u00EDsiques, sent les m\u00E9s comunes la dataci\u00F3 per carboni-14, la termoluminesc\u00E8ncia i el paleomagnetisme."@ca . . . . 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"\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A"@zh . "\u7D76\u5BFE\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF08\u305C\u3063\u305F\u3044\u306D\u3093\u3060\u3044\u3001absolute age\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300C\u524D\u25CB\u25CB\u4E16\u7D00\u9803\u300D\u3068\u304B\u300C\u4ECA\u304B\u3089\u304A\u3088\u305D\u25B3\u25B3\u5E74\u524D\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u3046\u306B\u5177\u4F53\u7684\u306A\u6570\u5B57\u3067\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5E74\u4EE3\u3092\u3055\u3059\u3002\u6570\u5024\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF08numerical age\uFF09\u3068\u3082\u79F0\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Datazione assoluta"@it . "\uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815"@ko . "Penanggalan absolut"@in . . . . . . "Dataci\u00F3 absoluta"@ca . "1085866625"^^ . . . . . . . . "Datowanie bezwzgl\u0119dne (zwane inaczej absolutnym) \u2013 spos\u00F3b datowania odnosz\u0105cy si\u0119 do okre\u015Blonych dat kalendarzowych. Musi opiera\u0107 si\u0119 na istnieniu przebiegaj\u0105cego, zale\u017Cnego od czasu procesu. Do metod datowania bezwzgl\u0119dnego zalicza si\u0119: \n* datowanie historyczne \n* metod\u0119 radiow\u0119glow\u0105 \n* metod\u0119 potasowo argonow\u0105 \n* metod\u0119 uranowo-torow\u0105 \n* datowanie termoluminescencyjne \n* metod\u0119 optyczn\u0105 \n* \n* metod\u0119 trakow\u0105 \n* dendrochronologi\u0119 \n* warwochronologi\u0119 \n* datowanie ultrad\u017Awi\u0119kowe ko\u015Bci"@pl . . "La absoluta kronologio estas faktermino de la arkeologio. \u011Ci signifas, kontra\u016De al la relativa kronologio, kronologion rilatantan al kalendaro. La relativa kronologio respondas la demandon, \u0109u certa objekto estas anta\u016Da a\u016D posta ol alia. La absoluta kronologio respondas la demandon, el kiu jarcento anta\u016D a\u016D post la naski\u011Do de Kristo iu objekto dati\u011Das (Oscar Montelius)."@eo . . . . "Absolute dating"@en . "\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A\uFF08Absolute dating\uFF09\u662F\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u548C\u5730\u8D28\u5B66\u4E2D\u6839\u636E\u5177\u4F53\u5E74\u8868\u8FDB\u884C\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B66\u5BB6\u66F4\u559C\u6B22\u4F7F\u7528\u201C\u8BA1\u65F6\u6D4B\u5B9A\u201D\u6216\u201C\u65E5\u5386\u5B9A\u5E74\u201D\u8FD9\u4E24\u6761\u672F\u8BED\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u201C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u201D\u4E00\u8BCD\u542B\u6709\u975E\u5FC5\u8981\u7684\u7CBE\u786E\u786E\u5B9A\u3002\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5B9A\u5E74\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u4E00\u4E2A\u6570\u5B57\u5E74\u9F84\u6216\u5E74\u4EE3\u8303\u56F4\uFF0C\u4E0E\u53EA\u6392\u5E8F\u4E8B\u4EF6\u5148\u540E\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u6D4B\u91CF\u4E8B\u4EF6\u95F4\u5E74\u9F84\u7684\u76F8\u5BF9\u5B9A\u5E74\u6B63\u76F8\u53CD\u3002 \u5728\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u7684\u6D4B\u5B9A\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u6839\u636E\u53E4\u6587\u7269\u548C\u53E4\u5EFA\u7B51\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5B66\u4EE5\u53CA\u751F\u7269\u5C5E\u6027\uFF0C\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u88AB\u4EBA\u7C7B\u6539\u52A8\u8FC7\u6216\u7269\u54C1\u6750\u6599\u5E74\u4EE3\u5DF2\u77E5\u7684\u9879\u76EE\uFF08\u5982\u786C\u5E01\u548C\u5386\u53F2\u8BB0\u8F7D\uFF09\u6765\u8FDB\u884C\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\uFF0C\u5728\u53D1\u6398\u4E2D\u53D1\u73B0\u7684\u786C\u5E01\u4E0A\u53EF\u80FD\u4F1A\u523B\u6709\u5236\u9020\u65E5\u671F\uFF0C\u6216\u6709\u63CF\u8FF0\u8BE5\u786C\u5E01\u53CA\u4F7F\u7528\u5E74\u4EE3\u7684\u6587\u5B57\u8BB0\u8F7D\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u4F7F\u8BE5\u9057\u5740\u4E0E\u7279\u5B9A\u65E5\u5386\u5E74\u4EFD\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8D77\u8054\u7CFB\u3002\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A\u6280\u672F\u5305\u62EC\u6728\u6750\u6216\u9AA8\u9ABC\u7684\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u78B3\u5B9A\u5E74\u3001\u94BE\u6C29\u5B9A\u5E74\u548C\u9677\u9631\u7535\u8377\u6D4B\u5E74\u6CD5\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u91C9\u9762\u9676\u74F7\u7684\u70ED\u91CA\u5149\u5B9A\u5E74\u3002 \u5728\u5386\u53F2\u5730\u8D28\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u6D4B\u5E74\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u65B9\u6CD5\u6D89\u53CA\u5229\u7528\u5CA9\u77F3\u6216\u77FF\u7269\u4E2D\u6240\u542B\u5143\u7D20\u7684\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u8870\u53D8\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u4ECE\u8F83\u5E74\u8F7B\u6709\u673A\u9057\u9AB8\u7684\u540C\u4F4D\u7D20\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF08\u78B314\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u78B3\u5B9A\u5E74\uFF09\u5230\u53EF\u6D4B\u5B9A\u5730\u7403\u4E0A\u4E00\u4E9B\u6700\u53E4\u8001\u5CA9\u77F3\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u9F84\u7684\u94C0\u94C5\u5B9A\u5E74\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7B49\u3002"@zh . . "Penanggal absolut adalah proses penentuan usia pada skala waktu yang ditentukan dalam arkeologi dan geologi. Beberapa ilmuwan lebih memilih istilah kronometrik atau penanggalan kalender, karena penggunaan kata \"absolut\" menyiratkan kepastian beralasan akurasi. Penanggalan absolut memberikan rentang atau umur numerik, yang kontras dengan yang menempatkan peristiwa tanpa ukuran umur antara peristiwa. Dalam arkeologi, penanggalan mutlak biasanya didasarkan pada sifat-sifat fisik, kimia, dan kehidupan dari material artefak, bangunan, atau barang lainnya yang telah dimodifikasi oleh manusia dan dikaitkan dengan sejarah material lain yang umurnya telah diketahui (koin dan ). Teknik-teknik yang dipakai termasuk cincin pohon di kayu,penanggalan radiokarbon pada kayu atau tulang, dan metode penanggalan termoluminesen dari keramik mengkilap. Koin yang ditemukan dalam penggalian mungkin memiliki tanggal produksi yang ditulis pada mereka, atau mungkin ada catatan yang mendeskripsikan koin ketika digunakan, yang memungkinkan situs sejarah tersebut dikaitkan dengan kalender tertentu. Dalam Geologi sejarah, metode utama penanggalan absolut melibatkan penggunaan peluruhan radioaktif dari unsur yang terperangkap dalam batuan atau mineral, termasuk sistem isotop yang sangat muda (penanggalan radiokarbon dengan 14C) hingga sistem seperti penanggalan uranium-timbal yang memungkinkan untuk memperoleh usia mutlak dari beberapa batuan tertua di bumi."@in . . 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"Les t\u00E8cniques de dataci\u00F3 absoluta permeten avaluar l'antiguitat d'objectes o restes arqueol\u00F2giques en termes independents d'altres objectes d'estudi. Per a tal fi s'utilitzen t\u00E8cniques diverses basades en propietats f\u00EDsiques, sent les m\u00E9s comunes la dataci\u00F3 per carboni-14, la termoluminesc\u00E8ncia i el paleomagnetisme."@ca . . . . . . . . . "A data\u00E7\u00E3o absoluta \u00E9 o processo de determinar uma idade em uma cronologia especificada em arqueologia e geologia. Alguns cientistas preferem o termo data\u00E7\u00E3o cronom\u00E9trica, j\u00E1 que o uso da palavra \"absoluta\" implica uma certeza injustificada de precis\u00E3o. A data\u00E7\u00E3o absoluta fornece uma idade num\u00E9rica ou intervalo em contraste com a data\u00E7\u00E3o relativa que coloca os eventos em ordem sem qualquer medida de idade entre os eventos. Realiza-se em laborat\u00F3rio, recorrendo a instrumentos e t\u00E9cnicas de grande complexidade."@pt . . "Datazio absolutu"@eu . "Absolutn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED"@cs . "La absoluta kronologio estas faktermino de la arkeologio. \u011Ci signifas, kontra\u016De al la relativa kronologio, kronologion rilatantan al kalendaro. La relativa kronologio respondas la demandon, \u0109u certa objekto estas anta\u016Da a\u016D posta ol alia. La absoluta kronologio respondas la demandon, el kiu jarcento anta\u016D a\u016D post la naski\u011Do de Kristo iu objekto dati\u011Das (Oscar Montelius). Metodoj, kiuj transformas relativan kronologion en absolutan kronologion, estas ekzemple la rilatigo al historie dateblaj eventoj (ekzemple en la kazo de Pompeji a\u016D de la tombo de ), la , la dendrokronologio a\u016D, kun certa ebla devio, la ."@eo . "Une datation absolue est une datation aboutissant \u00E0 un r\u00E9sultat chiffr\u00E9, exprim\u00E9 en ann\u00E9es. Elle peut concerner un \u00E9v\u00E9nement, un objet, une couche g\u00E9ologique ou un niveau arch\u00E9ologique. Ce type de datation vient en opposition ou compl\u00E9ment \u00E0 une datation relative."@fr . "Die absolute Chronologie ist ein Fachbegriff in der Arch\u00E4ologie. Er bezeichnet im Gegensatz zur relativen Chronologie eine auf einen Kalender bezogene Chronologie. Die relative Chronologie beantwortet uns die Frage, ob ein Gegenstand \u00E4lter oder j\u00FCnger als ein anderer ist. Die absolute Chronologie beantwortet die Frage, aus welchem Jahrhundert vor oder nach Christi Geburt ein Gegenstand stammt. Methoden, die relative Chronologien in absolute Chronologien \u00FCberf\u00FChren, sind z. B. der Bezug auf historisch datierbare Ereignisse (z. B. im Falle von Pompeji oder des Grabs Childerichs I.), die M\u00FCnzdatierung, die Dendrochronologie oder mit Resttoleranzen die Radiokohlenstoffmethode."@de . "14126"^^ . . "Absolutn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED a relativn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED jsou dva zp\u016Fsoby ur\u010Dov\u00E1n\u00ED data v archeologii. Metoda relativn\u00EDho datov\u00E1n\u00ED zji\u0161\u0165uje pouhou n\u00E1slednost mezi prameny. Metoda absolutn\u00EDho datov\u00E1n\u00ED, t\u00E9\u017E zvan\u00E1 chronometrick\u00E1 nebo kalend\u00E1\u0159n\u00ED, ur\u010Duje st\u00E1\u0159\u00ED pramene na line\u00E1rn\u00ED \u010Dasov\u00E9 ose. Absolutn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED tedy znamen\u00E1 p\u0159esn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ur\u010Den\u00ED \u010Dasu, poukazuje na datov\u00E9 za\u0159azen\u00ED do ur\u010Dit\u00E9ho \u010Dasov\u00E9ho obdob\u00ED. Radiometrick\u00E9 datov\u00E1n\u00ED je zalo\u017Een\u00E9 na principu, \u017Ee chemick\u00E9 prvky obsahuj\u00ED radioaktivn\u00ED izotopy, jejich\u017E mno\u017Estv\u00ED se v \u010Dase m\u011Bn\u00ED. Je-li tedy zn\u00E1ma rychlost (polo\u010Das) rozpadu izotop\u016F a jejich \u201Ep\u016Fvodn\u00ED\u201C pom\u011Br, je mo\u017En\u00E9 z jejich pom\u011Bru ve zkouman\u00E9m vzorku odvodit, kdy proces radioaktivn\u00EDho rozpadu za\u010Dal. Radiokarbonov\u00E9 datov\u00E1n\u00ED je nej\u010Dast\u011Bji pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E1 technika, kterou lze pou\u017E\u00EDt pouze u biologick\u00FDch poz\u016Fstatk\u016F. V\u00FDpo\u010Det je stanoven d\u00EDky poklesu po\u010Dtu atom\u016F radioaktivn\u00EDho izotopu uhl\u00EDku C14 v p\u016Fvodn\u011B \u017Eiv\u00E9m organick\u00E9m materi\u00E1lu. Termoluminiscence se pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 pro datov\u00E1n\u00ED vyp\u00E1len\u00FDch hlin\u011Bn\u00FDch struktur, nap\u0159. keramiky. K\u0159emi\u010Dit\u00E9 miner\u00E1ly v hlin\u011Bn\u00FDch p\u0159edm\u011Btech absorbuj\u00ED tepeln\u00E9 z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED na svoji maxim\u00E1ln\u00ED hodnotu (d\u011Bje se tak nap\u0159\u00EDklad p\u0159i vypalov\u00E1n\u00ED cihel v peci) a dojde zde k prudk\u00E9mu vyz\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED. Pot\u00E9 za\u010Dnou miner\u00E1ly z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED sice znovu absorbovat, ale u\u017E ne na maximum. Rozd\u00EDl mezi maxim\u00E1ln\u00ED hodnotou a v sou\u010Dasnosti nam\u011B\u0159enou hodnotou umo\u017E\u0148uje ur\u010Dit st\u00E1\u0159\u00ED artefakt\u016F. Optick\u00E1 luminiscence je metoda pro ur\u010Dov\u00E1n\u00ED st\u00E1\u0159\u00ED zeminy, konkr\u00E9tn\u011B mikrozrnek k\u0159emene, kter\u00E1 jsou v archeologick\u00FDch vrstv\u00E1ch p\u0159\u00EDtomna prakticky v\u0161ude. V\u00FDkop se prov\u00E1d\u00ED za tmy, proto\u017Ee metoda zji\u0161\u0165uje, kdy byl p\u0159edm\u011Bt naposled vystaven sv\u011Btlu. Dendrochronologie, zalo\u017Een\u00E1 na anal\u00FDze letokruh\u016F strom\u016F, je v\u016Fbec nejp\u0159esn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED metodou. Podle jejich mno\u017Estv\u00ED, vzd\u00E1lenosti, velikosti a za pomoci kalibra\u010Dn\u00EDch k\u0159ivek, kter\u00E9 byly vytvo\u0159eny, je mo\u017En\u00E9 ur\u010Dit nejen st\u00E1\u0159\u00ED stromu, ale i klimatick\u00E9 podm\u00EDnky v dan\u00FDch letech. Archeomagnetick\u00E9 datov\u00E1n\u00ED pro dataci pec\u00ED a v\u00FDrobk\u016F z p\u00E1len\u00E9 hl\u00EDny vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 magnetick\u00E9 vlny."@cs . "Datowanie bezwzgl\u0119dne"@pl . . . "\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442"@ru . . . . . 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"\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F"@uk . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0623\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642"@ar . . . "\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A\uFF08Absolute dating\uFF09\u662F\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u548C\u5730\u8D28\u5B66\u4E2D\u6839\u636E\u5177\u4F53\u5E74\u8868\u8FDB\u884C\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A\u7684\u8FC7\u7A0B\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B66\u5BB6\u66F4\u559C\u6B22\u4F7F\u7528\u201C\u8BA1\u65F6\u6D4B\u5B9A\u201D\u6216\u201C\u65E5\u5386\u5B9A\u5E74\u201D\u8FD9\u4E24\u6761\u672F\u8BED\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u201C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u201D\u4E00\u8BCD\u542B\u6709\u975E\u5FC5\u8981\u7684\u7CBE\u786E\u786E\u5B9A\u3002\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5B9A\u5E74\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u4E00\u4E2A\u6570\u5B57\u5E74\u9F84\u6216\u5E74\u4EE3\u8303\u56F4\uFF0C\u4E0E\u53EA\u6392\u5E8F\u4E8B\u4EF6\u5148\u540E\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u6D4B\u91CF\u4E8B\u4EF6\u95F4\u5E74\u9F84\u7684\u76F8\u5BF9\u5B9A\u5E74\u6B63\u76F8\u53CD\u3002 \u5728\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u7684\u6D4B\u5B9A\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u6839\u636E\u53E4\u6587\u7269\u548C\u53E4\u5EFA\u7B51\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5B66\u4EE5\u53CA\u751F\u7269\u5C5E\u6027\uFF0C\u6216\u5176\u4ED6\u88AB\u4EBA\u7C7B\u6539\u52A8\u8FC7\u6216\u7269\u54C1\u6750\u6599\u5E74\u4EE3\u5DF2\u77E5\u7684\u9879\u76EE\uFF08\u5982\u786C\u5E01\u548C\u5386\u53F2\u8BB0\u8F7D\uFF09\u6765\u8FDB\u884C\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\uFF0C\u5728\u53D1\u6398\u4E2D\u53D1\u73B0\u7684\u786C\u5E01\u4E0A\u53EF\u80FD\u4F1A\u523B\u6709\u5236\u9020\u65E5\u671F\uFF0C\u6216\u6709\u63CF\u8FF0\u8BE5\u786C\u5E01\u53CA\u4F7F\u7528\u5E74\u4EE3\u7684\u6587\u5B57\u8BB0\u8F7D\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u4F7F\u8BE5\u9057\u5740\u4E0E\u7279\u5B9A\u65E5\u5386\u5E74\u4EFD\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8D77\u8054\u7CFB\u3002\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u4EE3\u6D4B\u5B9A\u6280\u672F\u5305\u62EC\u6728\u6750\u6216\u9AA8\u9ABC\u7684\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u78B3\u5B9A\u5E74\u3001\u94BE\u6C29\u5B9A\u5E74\u548C\u9677\u9631\u7535\u8377\u6D4B\u5E74\u6CD5\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u91C9\u9762\u9676\u74F7\u7684\u70ED\u91CA\u5149\u5B9A\u5E74\u3002 \u5728\u5386\u53F2\u5730\u8D28\u5B66\u4E2D\uFF0C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u6D4B\u5E74\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u65B9\u6CD5\u6D89\u53CA\u5229\u7528\u5CA9\u77F3\u6216\u77FF\u7269\u4E2D\u6240\u542B\u5143\u7D20\u7684\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u8870\u53D8\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u4ECE\u8F83\u5E74\u8F7B\u6709\u673A\u9057\u9AB8\u7684\u540C\u4F4D\u7D20\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF08\u78B314\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u78B3\u5B9A\u5E74\uFF09\u5230\u53EF\u6D4B\u5B9A\u5730\u7403\u4E0A\u4E00\u4E9B\u6700\u53E4\u8001\u5CA9\u77F3\u7EDD\u5BF9\u5E74\u9F84\u7684\u94C0\u94C5\u5B9A\u5E74\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7B49\u3002"@zh . . "Data\u00E7\u00E3o absoluta"@pt . "Penanggal absolut adalah proses penentuan usia pada skala waktu yang ditentukan dalam arkeologi dan geologi. Beberapa ilmuwan lebih memilih istilah kronometrik atau penanggalan kalender, karena penggunaan kata \"absolut\" menyiratkan kepastian beralasan akurasi. Penanggalan absolut memberikan rentang atau umur numerik, yang kontras dengan yang menempatkan peristiwa tanpa ukuran umur antara peristiwa."@in . "Die absolute Chronologie ist ein Fachbegriff in der Arch\u00E4ologie. Er bezeichnet im Gegensatz zur relativen Chronologie eine auf einen Kalender bezogene Chronologie. Die relative Chronologie beantwortet uns die Frage, ob ein Gegenstand \u00E4lter oder j\u00FCnger als ein anderer ist. Die absolute Chronologie beantwortet die Frage, aus welchem Jahrhundert vor oder nach Christi Geburt ein Gegenstand stammt."@de . "A data\u00E7\u00E3o absoluta \u00E9 o processo de determinar uma idade em uma cronologia especificada em arqueologia e geologia. Alguns cientistas preferem o termo data\u00E7\u00E3o cronom\u00E9trica, j\u00E1 que o uso da palavra \"absoluta\" implica uma certeza injustificada de precis\u00E3o. A data\u00E7\u00E3o absoluta fornece uma idade num\u00E9rica ou intervalo em contraste com a data\u00E7\u00E3o relativa que coloca os eventos em ordem sem qualquer medida de idade entre os eventos. Realiza-se em laborat\u00F3rio, recorrendo a instrumentos e t\u00E9cnicas de grande complexidade. Na arqueologia, a data\u00E7\u00E3o absoluta \u00E9 geralmente baseada nas propriedades f\u00EDsicas, qu\u00EDmicas e de vida dos materiais dos artefatos, edif\u00EDcios ou outros itens que foram modificados por humanos e por associa\u00E7\u00F5es hist\u00F3ricas com materiais com datas conhecidas (moedas e hist\u00F3ria escrita). As t\u00E9cnicas incluem an\u00E9is das \u00E1rvores na madeira, data\u00E7\u00E3o por radiocarbono da madeira ou ossos e m\u00E9todos de data\u00E7\u00E3o com carga aprisionada, como a de cer\u00E2micas vidradas. Moedas encontradas em escava\u00E7\u00F5es podem ter sua data de produ\u00E7\u00E3o escrita nelas, ou pode haver registros escritos descrevendo a moeda e quando ela foi usada, permitindo que o local seja associado a um determinado ano civil."@pt . . . . . "\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0301\u0442\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0301\u0433\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u0445\u043E\u043F\u043B\u044E\u0454 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0456\u043A\u0443 \u0433\u0456\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0434. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044E\u0454 \u0432\u0456\u043A \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0448\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u0432\u0456\u043A . \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0456\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044E (\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0446\u044E \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043B\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F), \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043E\u043D\u0438, \u0435\u0440\u0438, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434\u0438, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043F\u043E\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E."@uk . . . "\u0391\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7"@el . "Datazio absolutu terminoa gai, objektu edo estratu geologiko baten adina hurbildu edo data bat zenbatesteko metodo eta teknika multzoari dagokio. Datazio absoluturako metodo eta teknikak datatu nahi diren gai edo objektuetan denboran zehar izandako aldaketa fisiko-kimikoetan oinarritu ohi dira."@eu . "Absolutn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED a relativn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED jsou dva zp\u016Fsoby ur\u010Dov\u00E1n\u00ED data v archeologii. Metoda relativn\u00EDho datov\u00E1n\u00ED zji\u0161\u0165uje pouhou n\u00E1slednost mezi prameny. Metoda absolutn\u00EDho datov\u00E1n\u00ED, t\u00E9\u017E zvan\u00E1 chronometrick\u00E1 nebo kalend\u00E1\u0159n\u00ED, ur\u010Duje st\u00E1\u0159\u00ED pramene na line\u00E1rn\u00ED \u010Dasov\u00E9 ose. Absolutn\u00ED datov\u00E1n\u00ED tedy znamen\u00E1 p\u0159esn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ur\u010Den\u00ED \u010Dasu, poukazuje na datov\u00E9 za\u0159azen\u00ED do ur\u010Dit\u00E9ho \u010Dasov\u00E9ho obdob\u00ED. Archeomagnetick\u00E9 datov\u00E1n\u00ED pro dataci pec\u00ED a v\u00FDrobk\u016F z p\u00E1len\u00E9 hl\u00EDny vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 magnetick\u00E9 vlny."@cs . . . . 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"\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043A\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E-\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0438 \u2014 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 (\u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0430\u0445, \u043C\u0438\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043B\u043B\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043B\u0435\u0442). \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439\u00BB \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0447\u0442\u043E\u0431\u044B \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0442 \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043A \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043C \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0448\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044B (\u044D\u0440\u0435, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0443). \u0410\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0412 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043E\u043D \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043F\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043C. \u041E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0445. \u0412 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u044B) \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "Dataci\u00F3n absoluta"@es . . . . "Absolute dating is the process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology. Some scientists prefer the terms chronometric or calendar dating, as use of the word \"absolute\" implies an unwarranted certainty of accuracy. Absolute dating provides a numerical age or range, in contrast with relative dating, which places events in order without any measure of the age between events."@en . "La datazione assoluta \u00E8 il processo di determinazione dell'et\u00E0 cronologica di un reperto. Viene utilizzata principalmente in scienze come l'archeologia e la geologia. Alcuni studiosi propongono di utilizzare la dizione datazione cronometrica o datazione di calendario per evitare che l'utilizzo del termine \"assoluta\" porti a garantire un'accuratezza non implicita. La datazione assoluta fornisce un'et\u00E0 o un intervallo di et\u00E0 numerico, in contrasto alla datazione relativa che invece posiziona gli eventi in relazione a un riferimento noto o senza appurare la differenza di et\u00E0 tra gli eventi. In archeologia, la datazione assoluta \u00E8 generalmente basata su propriet\u00E0 fisiche o chimiche del materiale di cui sono costituiti manufatti, edifici, o altri oggetti utilizzati dal genere umano o da associazioni storiche con materiali di et\u00E0 nota, come monete o testi scritti. Le tecniche impiegate per arrivare a una datazione assoluta includono la dendrocronologia degli anelli di accrescimento degli alberi, l'utilizzo del metodo del carbonio-14 per legno o ossa e la datazione a termoluminescenza per gli oggetti di ceramica smaltata. Le monete trovate durante gli scavi a volte hanno una data incisa o un riferimento a nomi che permettono di associarle a particolari eventi storici. Nella geologia storica, il metodo principale di datazione assoluta sfrutta il decadimento radioattivo degli elementi intrappolati nelle rocce o nei minerali; si possono utilizzare sistemi isotopici che permettono di calcolare et\u00E0 recenti (come il radiocarbonio) e sistemi a uranio piombo che permettono di ottenere l'et\u00E0 assoluta delle pi\u00F9 antiche rocce presenti sulla Terra."@it . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BD\u03BD\u03BF\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C1\u03AC \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B2\u03BF\u03B7\u03B8\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03AE\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B7\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03AD\u03C7\u03BD\u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD, \u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03AC \u03AD\u03C4\u03B7. \u0397 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B3\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BC\u03B5\u03C3\u03B1 \u03AE \u03BC\u03AD\u03C3\u03C9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03B6\u03CD\u03B3\u03B9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 (\u03B2\u03B1\u03B8\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD\u03CC\u03BC\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2) \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C5\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B7\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2. \u03A4\u03AD\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03BE\u03AC\u03C1\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03AE \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5. \u0392\u03BB. \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 . \u03A7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF\u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2. \u039F\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF \u03A0.\u03A0. (\u03C0\u03C1\u03BF \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BC\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF 1950. \u038C\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B1\u03B9\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03C4\u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u0395\u03C5\u03C1\u03CE\u03C0\u03B7 \u03CC\u03C3\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u0397.\u03A0.\u0391. \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03BA\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C0.\u03A7. \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \u03A0.\u039A.\u0395., \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u0393\u03C1\u03B7\u03B3\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC \u03B7\u03BC\u03B5"@el . "La dataci\u00F3n absoluta es un conjunto de t\u00E9cnicas de dataci\u00F3n. Algunas de estas t\u00E9cnicas permiten calcular desde unos cientos de a\u00F1os de antig\u00FCedad a varios miles (muy \u00FAtiles, por tanto, para ser aplicadas a objetos o restos arqueol\u00F3gicos), mientras que otras son capaces de calcular antig\u00FCedades de cientos de millones de a\u00F1os, permitiendo de este modo el c\u00E1lculo de la edad de rocas, minerales o f\u00F3siles. Para tal fin se recurre a diversas propiedades f\u00EDsicas de los elementos sometidos a dataci\u00F3n, siendo las m\u00E1s comunes la dataci\u00F3n por radiois\u00F3topos, la termoluminiscencia o el paleomagnetismo."@es . . . "Absolute dating is the process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology. Some scientists prefer the terms chronometric or calendar dating, as use of the word \"absolute\" implies an unwarranted certainty of accuracy. Absolute dating provides a numerical age or range, in contrast with relative dating, which places events in order without any measure of the age between events. In archaeology, absolute dating is usually based on the physical, chemical, and life properties of the materials of artifacts, buildings, or other items that have been modified by humans and by historical associations with materials with known dates (such as coins and historical records). For example, coins found in excavations may have their production date written on them, or there may be written records describing the coin and when it was used, allowing the site to be associated with a particular calendar year. Absolute dating techniques include radiocarbon dating of wood or bones, potassium-argon dating, and methods such as thermoluminescence dating of glazed ceramics. In historical geology, the primary methods of absolute dating involve using the radioactive decay of elements trapped in rocks or minerals, including isotope systems from younger organic remains (radiocarbon dating with 14C) to systems such as uranium\u2013lead dating that allow determination of absolute ages for some of the oldest rocks on Earth."@en . . . . "Absolute Chronologie"@de . "2851214"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uACE0\uACE0\uD559\uACFC \uC9C0\uC9C8\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5F0\uB300\uC758 \uADFC\uC0AC\uAC12\uC744 \uACC4\uC0B0\uC73C\uB85C \uACB0\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uACFC\uC815\uC774\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBD80 \uACFC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \"\uD06C\uB85C\uB178\uBA54\uD2B8\uB9AD\" \uD639\uC740 \"\uB2EC\uB825\" \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB97C \uC120\uD638\uD558\uB294\uB370, \"\uC808\uB300\"\uB77C\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uAC83\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB354 \uD655\uC2E4\uD558\uACE0 \uC815\uD655\uD558\uB2E4\uB294 \uB290\uB08C\uC744 \uC904 \uC6B0\uB824\uAC00 \uC788\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uAC74\uB4E4\uC758 \uC21C\uC11C\uB9CC\uC744 \uC54C\uB824\uC8FC\uB294 \uACFC \uB2EC\uB9AC \uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uC218\uCE58\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uACC4\uC0B0\uB41C \uC5F0\uB300\uB97C \uC54C\uB824\uC900\uB2E4. \uACE0\uACE0\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uC778\uACF5\uBB3C, \uAC74\uBB3C, \uD639\uC740 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBCC0\uD615\uB41C \uAE30\uD0C0 \uBB3C\uAC74\uB4E4\uC758 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801 \uD639\uC740 \uD654\uD559\uC801 \uC131\uC9C8\uC5D0 \uAE30\uBC18\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300\uAC00 \uD55C \uD2B9\uC815\uD55C \uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC774 \uC815\uD655\uD788 \uC5B8\uC81C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uB294\uC9C0\uB97C \uBC18\uB4DC\uC2DC \uC54C\uB824\uC904 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uB2C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uB54C \uC0AC\uAC74\uB4E4\uC758 \uC815\uD655\uD55C \uC21C\uC11C\uB97C \uC7AC\uAD6C\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC18C\uC911\uD55C \uC790\uB8CC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "Datation absolue"@fr . "\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043A\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E-\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0417\u0435\u043C\u043B\u0438 \u2014 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 (\u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u0430\u0445, \u043C\u0438\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043B\u043B\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043B\u0435\u0442). \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0439\u00BB \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F, \u0447\u0442\u043E\u0431\u044B \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0435\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0442 \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043A \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043C \u0433\u0435\u043E\u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0448\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044B (\u044D\u0440\u0435, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0443). \u0412 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u044B) \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . "\u7D76\u5BFE\u5E74\u4EE3"@ja . . . . "La dataci\u00F3n absoluta es un conjunto de t\u00E9cnicas de dataci\u00F3n. Algunas de estas t\u00E9cnicas permiten calcular desde unos cientos de a\u00F1os de antig\u00FCedad a varios miles (muy \u00FAtiles, por tanto, para ser aplicadas a objetos o restos arqueol\u00F3gicos), mientras que otras son capaces de calcular antig\u00FCedades de cientos de millones de a\u00F1os, permitiendo de este modo el c\u00E1lculo de la edad de rocas, minerales o f\u00F3siles. Para tal fin se recurre a diversas propiedades f\u00EDsicas de los elementos sometidos a dataci\u00F3n, siendo las m\u00E1s comunes la dataci\u00F3n por radiois\u00F3topos, la termoluminiscencia o el paleomagnetismo. La dataci\u00F3n absoluta se opone a la dataci\u00F3n relativa, en la que no hay un referente absoluto como criterio de dataci\u00F3n."@es . "Absoluta kronologio"@eo . . . "Une datation absolue est une datation aboutissant \u00E0 un r\u00E9sultat chiffr\u00E9, exprim\u00E9 en ann\u00E9es. Elle peut concerner un \u00E9v\u00E9nement, un objet, une couche g\u00E9ologique ou un niveau arch\u00E9ologique. Ce type de datation vient en opposition ou compl\u00E9ment \u00E0 une datation relative."@fr . . . . . "\u7D76\u5BFE\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF08\u305C\u3063\u305F\u3044\u306D\u3093\u3060\u3044\u3001absolute age\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u53E4\u5B66\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300C\u524D\u25CB\u25CB\u4E16\u7D00\u9803\u300D\u3068\u304B\u300C\u4ECA\u304B\u3089\u304A\u3088\u305D\u25B3\u25B3\u5E74\u524D\u300D\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3075\u3046\u306B\u5177\u4F53\u7684\u306A\u6570\u5B57\u3067\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u5E74\u4EE3\u3092\u3055\u3059\u3002\u6570\u5024\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF08numerical age\uFF09\u3068\u3082\u79F0\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . "Datazio absolutu terminoa gai, objektu edo estratu geologiko baten adina hurbildu edo data bat zenbatesteko metodo eta teknika multzoari dagokio. Datazio absoluturako metodo eta teknikak datatu nahi diren gai edo objektuetan denboran zehar izandako aldaketa fisiko-kimikoetan oinarritu ohi dira."@eu . . . . . . . . . "\uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uACE0\uACE0\uD559\uACFC \uC9C0\uC9C8\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5F0\uB300\uC758 \uADFC\uC0AC\uAC12\uC744 \uACC4\uC0B0\uC73C\uB85C \uACB0\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uACFC\uC815\uC774\uB2E4. \uC77C\uBD80 \uACFC\uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \"\uD06C\uB85C\uB178\uBA54\uD2B8\uB9AD\" \uD639\uC740 \"\uB2EC\uB825\" \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB97C \uC120\uD638\uD558\uB294\uB370, \"\uC808\uB300\"\uB77C\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC2E4\uC81C\uB85C \uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uAC83\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uB354 \uD655\uC2E4\uD558\uACE0 \uC815\uD655\uD558\uB2E4\uB294 \uB290\uB08C\uC744 \uC904 \uC6B0\uB824\uAC00 \uC788\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uAC74\uB4E4\uC758 \uC21C\uC11C\uB9CC\uC744 \uC54C\uB824\uC8FC\uB294 \uACFC \uB2EC\uB9AC \uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uC218\uCE58\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uACC4\uC0B0\uB41C \uC5F0\uB300\uB97C \uC54C\uB824\uC900\uB2E4. \uACE0\uACE0\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300 \uCE21\uC815\uC740 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uC778\uACF5\uBB3C, \uAC74\uBB3C, \uD639\uC740 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBCC0\uD615\uB41C \uAE30\uD0C0 \uBB3C\uAC74\uB4E4\uC758 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801 \uD639\uC740 \uD654\uD559\uC801 \uC131\uC9C8\uC5D0 \uAE30\uBC18\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC808\uB300 \uC5F0\uB300\uAC00 \uD55C \uD2B9\uC815\uD55C \uBB38\uD654\uC801 \uC0AC\uAC74\uC774 \uC815\uD655\uD788 \uC5B8\uC81C \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uB294\uC9C0\uB97C \uBC18\uB4DC\uC2DC \uC54C\uB824\uC904 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uB2C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC804\uCCB4\uC758 \uD55C \uBD80\uBD84\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uB54C \uC0AC\uAC74\uB4E4\uC758 \uC815\uD655\uD55C \uC21C\uC11C\uB97C \uC7AC\uAD6C\uC131\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uC18C\uC911\uD55C \uC790\uB8CC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . "Datowanie bezwzgl\u0119dne (zwane inaczej absolutnym) \u2013 spos\u00F3b datowania odnosz\u0105cy si\u0119 do okre\u015Blonych dat kalendarzowych. Musi opiera\u0107 si\u0119 na istnieniu przebiegaj\u0105cego, zale\u017Cnego od czasu procesu. Do metod datowania bezwzgl\u0119dnego zalicza si\u0119: \n* datowanie historyczne \n* metod\u0119 radiow\u0119glow\u0105 \n* metod\u0119 potasowo argonow\u0105 \n* metod\u0119 uranowo-torow\u0105 \n* datowanie termoluminescencyjne \n* metod\u0119 optyczn\u0105 \n* \n* metod\u0119 trakow\u0105 \n* dendrochronologi\u0119 \n* warwochronologi\u0119 \n* datowanie ultrad\u017Awi\u0119kowe ko\u015Bci"@pl . . .