. . "2398"^^ . . . . . . . "Conte Aleksandr Ivanovi\u010D \u0160uvalov (in russo: \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432?; 1710 \u2013 1771) \u00E8 stato un politico russo."@it . . . . . . "Aleksandr Ivanovi\u010D \u0160uvalov"@it . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0432 (8 [19] \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1711 \u2014 13 [24] \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1771, \u0441. \u041A\u043E\u00AD\u0441\u0438\u00AD\u0446\u044B \u0412\u0435\u00AD\u0440\u0435\u0439\u00AD\u0441\u043A\u043E\u00AD\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0438, \u043D\u044B\u00AD\u043D\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u044F \u0421\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441-\u041A\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0446\u044B \u041D\u0430\u00AD\u0440\u043E-\u0424\u043E\u00AD\u043C\u0438\u043D\u00AD\u0441\u043A\u043E\u00AD\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u2014 \u0434\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043B\u0438\u0446\u043E \u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044B \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B \u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 III, \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A \u041A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u044B\u0441\u043A\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043B, \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B-\u0444\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0434\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B, \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440, \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0421\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0442-\u041F\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0420\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u044E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044B \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B."@ru . . "El Conde Aleksandr Iv\u00E1novich Shuv\u00E1lov (en ruso, \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0432; 1710-1771) fue un estadista ruso de la familia Shuv\u00E1lov. Su carrera fue dependiente y estuvo ensombrecida por la de su hermano m\u00E1s brillante, Piotr Iv\u00E1novich Shuv\u00E1lov. A partir de entonces Aleksandr Shuv\u00E1lov se retir\u00F3 de sus servicios y regres\u00F3 a sus villas. Su \u00FAnica hija fue la esposa del Conde Golovkin."@es . . . . . "Alexander Shuvalov"@en . . "1120668057"^^ . . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0432 (8 [19] \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1711 \u2014 13 [24] \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1771, \u0441. \u041A\u043E\u00AD\u0441\u0438\u00AD\u0446\u044B \u0412\u0435\u00AD\u0440\u0435\u0439\u00AD\u0441\u043A\u043E\u00AD\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0438, \u043D\u044B\u00AD\u043D\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u044F \u0421\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441-\u041A\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0446\u044B \u041D\u0430\u00AD\u0440\u043E-\u0424\u043E\u00AD\u043C\u0438\u043D\u00AD\u0441\u043A\u043E\u00AD\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u041C\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u2014 \u0434\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043B\u0438\u0446\u043E \u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044B \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B \u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 III, \u043A\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440, \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043A \u041A\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u044B\u0441\u043A\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043B, \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B-\u0444\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0434\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043B, \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440, \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0421\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0442-\u041F\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0420\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u044E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044B \u041F\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B."@ru . . . . . . . "Le comte Alexandre Ivanovitch Chouvalov (1710-1771, en russe : \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432) \u00E9tait un homme d'\u00C9tat russe qui, avec son cousin Ivan et surtout son fr\u00E8re Pierre, ministre de l'imp\u00E9ratrice \u00C9lisabeth, pr\u00E9sida aux destin\u00E9es de l'Empire. Les fr\u00E8res Chouvalov \u00E9taient les fils d'un g\u00E9n\u00E9ral qui commanda la forteresse de Vyborg et fut gouverneur d'Arkhangelsk, pendant le r\u00E8gne de la tzarine Anne. Ils furent tr\u00E8s proches de la fille de Pierre le Grand, \u00C9lisabeth, lorsqu'elle prit la t\u00EAte d'un coup d'\u00C9tat pacifique pour monter sur le tr\u00F4ne de Russie, en 1741."@fr . . "Alexander Iwanowitsch Schuwalow (russisch \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432; * 1710; \u2020 1770) war Chef der Geheimen Kanzlei (Staatssicherheit) unter Elisabeth Petrowna."@de . . "Aleksandr Iv\u00E1novich Shuv\u00E1lov"@es . . . . . . . "\u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447"@ru . . "Alexander Iwanowitsch Schuwalow (russisch \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432; * 1710; \u2020 1770) war Chef der Geheimen Kanzlei (Staatssicherheit) unter Elisabeth Petrowna."@de . . "El Conde Aleksandr Iv\u00E1novich Shuv\u00E1lov (en ruso, \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0432; 1710-1771) fue un estadista ruso de la familia Shuv\u00E1lov. Su carrera fue dependiente y estuvo ensombrecida por la de su hermano m\u00E1s brillante, Piotr Iv\u00E1novich Shuv\u00E1lov. Los hermanos Shuv\u00E1lov eran dos hijos de un general quien comandaba el castillo de V\u00FDborg y gobern\u00F3 Arj\u00E1nguelsk durante el reinado de la emperatriz Ana. Fueron los ayudantes m\u00E1s estrechos de Isabel Petrovna durante el golpe de Estado de 1741 que la llev\u00F3 al trono. Alejandro, en particular, convenci\u00F3 a muchos de sus compa\u00F1eros de la guardia imperial para que se unieran a la causa de Isabel. Fue recompensado por su lealtad con el rango de chambel\u00E1n en 1741 y con el t\u00EDtulo de conde en 1746. Durante muchos a\u00F1os Shuv\u00E1lov presidi\u00F3 la Canciller\u00EDa Secreta, un suerte de polic\u00EDa pol\u00EDtica cuyas v\u00EDctimas incluyeron a sus enemigos personales, los mariscales de campo Best\u00FAzhev y Apraksin. Para el final del reinado de Isabel, los Shuv\u00E1lov hab\u00EDan eliminado con \u00E9xito a todos sus rivales pol\u00EDticos y virtualmente monopolizaban el poder del estado. Tambi\u00E9n flirtearon con el futuro Pedro III de Rusia, con la esperanza de retener sus posiciones tras su eventual ascenso al trono. Sus intrigas lograron su objetivo en 1761 cuando Pedro III asumi\u00F3 el trono y promovi\u00F3 a ambos Shuv\u00E1lov al rango de Mariscal de Campo, aunque nunca hab\u00EDan tomado parte en ninguna guerra. Sin embargo, sus carreras fueron deshechas un a\u00F1o despu\u00E9s, cuando el trono fue usurpado por Catalina, la esposa de Pedro, quien detestaba a ambos hermanos Shuv\u00E1lov por su perniciosa influencia sobre su marido e incluso acus\u00F3 a Aleksandr Shuv\u00E1lov en sus memorias de planear su asesinato. A partir de entonces Aleksandr Shuv\u00E1lov se retir\u00F3 de sus servicios y regres\u00F3 a sus villas. Su \u00FAnica hija fue la esposa del Conde Golovkin."@es . . . . "Alexandre Chouvalov"@fr . . . . "Conte Aleksandr Ivanovi\u010D \u0160uvalov (in russo: \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432?; 1710 \u2013 1771) \u00E8 stato un politico russo."@it . . "Alexander Iwanowitsch Schuwalow"@de . . "Count Aleksander Ivanovich Shuvalov (Russian: \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0432; 1710 \u2013 1771) was a Russian statesman from the Shuvalov family. His career was dependent on and overshadowed by that of his more brilliant brother, Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov. Thereupon Shuvalov retired from service and withdrew to his villages. His only daughter was the wife of Count Golovkin."@en . "Le comte Alexandre Ivanovitch Chouvalov (1710-1771, en russe : \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432) \u00E9tait un homme d'\u00C9tat russe qui, avec son cousin Ivan et surtout son fr\u00E8re Pierre, ministre de l'imp\u00E9ratrice \u00C9lisabeth, pr\u00E9sida aux destin\u00E9es de l'Empire. Les fr\u00E8res Chouvalov \u00E9taient les fils d'un g\u00E9n\u00E9ral qui commanda la forteresse de Vyborg et fut gouverneur d'Arkhangelsk, pendant le r\u00E8gne de la tzarine Anne. Ils furent tr\u00E8s proches de la fille de Pierre le Grand, \u00C9lisabeth, lorsqu'elle prit la t\u00EAte d'un coup d'\u00C9tat pacifique pour monter sur le tr\u00F4ne de Russie, en 1741. Alexandre persuada les membres de la Garde imp\u00E9riale de soutenir le coup d'\u00C9tat. Il fut aussit\u00F4t nomm\u00E9 chambellan de la Cour et titr\u00E9 comte, comme son fr\u00E8re, en 1746. Le comte Chouvalov dirigea pendant de nombreuses ann\u00E9es la Chancellerie secr\u00E8te, sorte de cabinet noir aux pouvoirs de police fort \u00E9tendus. Il surveilla ses ennemis, en particulier le vice-chancelier Bestoujev-Rioumine et le prince Apraxine. \u00C0 la fin du r\u00E8gne d'\u00C9lisabeth, les Chouvalov monopolis\u00E8rent le pouvoir d'\u00C9tat et \u00E9limin\u00E8rent leurs rivaux. Ils appuy\u00E8rent le futur Pierre III lorsqu'il prit le pouvoir, ce qui leur valut d'\u00EAtre nomm\u00E9s mar\u00E9chaux, en 1761. Lorsque la Grande Catherine monta elle-m\u00EAme sur le tr\u00F4ne, apr\u00E8s l'assassinat de son \u00E9poux, elle \u00E9carta les Chouvalov qu'elle d\u00E9testait, particuli\u00E8rement Alexandre, qu'elle accusa dans ses m\u00E9moires d'avoir complot\u00E9 en vue de son assassinat. Connu pour sa cruaut\u00E9, le comte avait un tic au visage qui ajoutait \u00E0 l'antipathie qu'il suscitait. Le comte Chouvalov se retira dans ses terres et mourut en 1771, laissant une fille, \u00E9pouse du comte Golovkine."@fr . "3801334"^^ . . . . "Count Aleksander Ivanovich Shuvalov (Russian: \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043B\u043E\u0432; 1710 \u2013 1771) was a Russian statesman from the Shuvalov family. His career was dependent on and overshadowed by that of his more brilliant brother, Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov. The Shuvalov brothers were two sons of a general who commanded the castle of Vyborg and governed Arkhangelsk during the reign of Empress Anna. They were the closest aides to Elizabeth Petrovna during the 1741 coup d'etat that brought her to the throne. Alexander, in particular, persuaded many of his fellow imperial guards to join Elizabeth's cause. He was rewarded for his allegiance with the rank of Chamberlain in 1741 and the title of count in 1746. For many years Shuvalov presided over the Secret Chancellory, a sort of political police whose victims included his personal enemies, Field-Marshals Bestuzhev and Apraksin. By the end of Elizabeth's reign, the Shuvalovs successfully eliminated all their political rivals and virtually monopolized state power. They also flirted with the future Peter III of Russia, hoping to retain their positions after his eventual accession to the throne. Their intrigues succeeded in 1761 when Peter III assumed the throne and promoted both Shuvalovs to Field Marshals, although they had never taken part in any war. But their careers were undone within a year, as the throne was usurped by Peter's wife Catherine, who detested the Shuvalovs for their pernicious influence on her husband and even accused in her memoirs Alexander Shuvalov of plotting to murder her. Thereupon Shuvalov retired from service and withdrew to his villages. His only daughter was the wife of Count Golovkin."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .