. "Bandl\u00FCcke"@de . . . . . . . "Banda proibida"@pt . . . . . . . "22243"^^ . "La banda prohibida, brecha de bandas\u200B o brecha energ\u00E9tica (en ingl\u00E9s bandgap), en la f\u00EDsica del estado s\u00F3lido y otros campos relacionados, es la diferencia de energ\u00EDa entre la parte superior de la banda de valencia y la parte inferior de la banda de conducci\u00F3n. Esta cantidad se encuentra presente en aislantes y semiconductores, su predicci\u00F3n puede llegar a ser un reto para muchos de los m\u00E9todos te\u00F3ricos relacionados con la teor\u00EDa de bandas.\u200B La banda prohibida es una de las primordiales contribuciones en el campo de la mec\u00E1nica cu\u00E1ntica. donde:"@es . . . . . . . . "\u5E36\u9699\uFF08band gap\uFF09\u3001\u5E36\u6E9D\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31\u80FD\u9699\uFF08energy gap\uFF09\u3001\u80FD\u5E36\u9699\uFF08energy band gap\uFF09\u3001\u7981\u5E26\u5BBD\u5EA6\uFF08width of forbidden band\uFF09\uFF0C\u5728\u56FA\u614B\u7269\u7406\u5B78\u4E2D\u6CDB\u6307\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u6216\u7D55\u7DE3\u9AD4\u7684\u50F9\u5E36\u9802\u7AEF\u81F3\u50B3\u5C0E\u5E36\u5E95\u7AEF\u7684\u80FD\u91CF\u5DEE\u8DDD\u3002 \u5C0D\u4E00\u500B\u672C\u8CEA\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u5176\u5C0E\u96FB\u6027\u8207\u80FD\u9699\u7684\u5927\u5C0F\u6709\u95DC\uFF0C\u53EA\u6709\u7372\u5F97\u8DB3\u5920\u80FD\u91CF\u7684\u96FB\u5B50\u624D\u80FD\u5F9E\u50F9\u5E36\u88AB\u6FC0\u767C\uFF0C\u8DE8\u904E\u80FD\u9699\u4E26\u8E8D\u9077\u81F3\u50B3\u5C0E\u5E36\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8CBB\u7C73-\u72C4\u62C9\u514B\u7D71\u8A08\u53EF\u4EE5\u5F97\u5230\u96FB\u5B50\u4F54\u64DA\u67D0\u500B\u80FD\u968E\u7684\u6A5F\u7387\u3002\u53C8\u5047\u8A2D\uFF0C\u662F\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u8CBB\u7C73\u80FD\u968E\uFF0C\u96FB\u5B50\u4F54\u64DA\u7684\u6A5F\u7387\u53EF\u4EE5\u5229\u7528\u6CE2\u8332\u66FC\u8FD1\u4F3C\u7C21\u5316\u70BA\uFF1A \u5728\u4E0A\u5F0F\u4E2D\uFF0C\u662F\u80FD\u9699\u7684\u5BEC\u5EA6\u3001\u662F\u6CE2\u8332\u66FC\u5E38\u6578\uFF0C\u800C\u5247\u662F\u6EAB\u5EA6\u3002 \u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u80FD\u9699\u53EF\u4EE5\u5229\u7528\u4E00\u4E9B\u5DE5\u7A0B\u624B\u6CD5\u52A0\u4EE5\u8ABF\u6574\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u5728\u5316\u5408\u7269\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u63A7\u5236\u7837\u5316\u93B5\u92C1\uFF08AlGaAs\uFF09\u6216\u7837\u5316\u93B5\u92A6\uFF08InGaAs\uFF09\u5404\u7A2E\u5143\u7D20\u9593\u7684\u6BD4\u4F8B\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u5229\u7528\u5982\u5206\u5B50\u675F\u78CA\u6676\uFF08Molecular Beam Epitaxy, MBE\uFF09\u6210\u9577\u51FA\u591A\u5C64\u7684\u78CA\u6676\u6750\u6599\u3002\u9019\u985E\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u6750\u6599\u5728\u9AD8\u901F\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u5143\u4EF6\u6216\u662F\u5149\u96FB\u5143\u4EF6\uFF0C\u5982\u5F02\u8D28\u7ED3\u53CC\u6781\u6027\u6676\u4F53\u7BA1\uFF08Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor, HBT\uFF09\u3001\u96F7\u5C04\u4E8C\u6975\u9AD4\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u96FB\u6C60\u4E0A\u5DF2\u7D93\u6210\u70BA\u4E3B\u6D41\u3002"@zh . "La banda proibita o energia di gap o band gap di un isolante o di un semiconduttore \u00E8 l'intervallo di energia interdetto agli elettroni. Ovvero, in un isolante (o semiconduttore non drogato), non pu\u00F2 esistere un elettrone, in uno stato stazionario, che abbia un'energia compresa tra gli estremi nella banda proibita. Generalmente la banda permessa di energia inferiore si chiama banda di valenza, mentre quella superiore si chiama banda di conduzione. Il silicio non drogato ha una banda proibita di circa 1,12 eV a temperatura ambiente."@it . . . . "\u0417\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043E\u0301\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D \u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C (\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C) \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u0435. \u0414\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0430. \u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 (\u043E\u0442 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B.: g = gap \u2014 \u00AB\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043E\u043A\u00BB, \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0440\u00BB) \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u043E \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041F\u043E \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u044B\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044E, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u0432 \u044D\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u044D\u0412 \u0434\u043E 3\u20144 \u044D\u0412 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u0441 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 4\u20145 \u044D\u0412 (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F). \u041A\u0430\u043A \u044D\u043A\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430\u00BB \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0449\u0435\u043B\u044C\u00BB; \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F\u00BB \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F\u00BB \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043E."@ru . . "Nos materiais semicondutores \u00E0 temperatura de zero Kelvin (zero absoluto), todos el\u00E9trons encontram-se na banda de val\u00EAncia. Neste estado o semicondutor tem caracter\u00EDsticas de um isolante el\u00E9trico. A medida que sua temperatura aumenta, os el\u00E9trons absorvem energia passando para a banda de condu\u00E7\u00E3o. Esta \"quantidade\" de energia necess\u00E1ria para que o el\u00E9tron efetue essa transi\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 chamada de gap de energia (em ingl\u00EAs band gap), ou banda proibida. \u00C0 medida que a temperatura do semicondutor aumenta, o n\u00FAmero de el\u00E9trons que passam para a banda de condu\u00E7\u00E3o tamb\u00E9m aumenta, passando o semicondutor a conduzir mais eletricidade, caso seja exposto a uma diferen\u00E7a de potencial."@pt . . . . "Als Bandl\u00FCcke (englisch band gap), auch Bandabstand bzw. verbotene Zone, wird der energetische Abstand zwischen Valenzband und Leitungsband eines Festk\u00F6rpers bezeichnet. Dessen elektrische und optische Eigenschaften werden wesentlich durch die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Bandl\u00FCcke bestimmt. Die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Bandl\u00FCcke wird \u00FCblicherweise in Elektronenvolt (eV) angegeben."@de . . "\u0108e solid-stata fiziko (kaj rilataj aplikitaj kampoj), la benda bre\u0109o estas la energia malsameco inter la supro de la kaj la subo de la \u0109e kaj duonkondukta\u0135oj. Ofte \u011Di nomi\u011Das \"bendbre\u0109o\". Vidu en kaj duonkondukta\u0135o por pli detala priskribo de benda strukturo. La benda bre\u0109o en duonkondukta\u0135oj estas grava pro kelkaj kialoj. La konduktiveco de senkontamina\u0135a duonkondukta\u0135o forte dependas de la benda bre\u0109o. Tio \u0109i estas \u0109ar la solaj disponeblaj portantoj de konduktado estas tiuj elektronoj kiuj sukcesas ricevi sufi\u0109an termikan energion ekciti\u011Di de la valenta bendo en la konduktan bendon. De , la probableco de okazado de tiuj \u0109i ekcita\u0135oj estas proporcia al: kie: exp estas la eksponenta funkcioEg estas la bende bre\u0109a energiok estas la konstanto de BoltzmannT estas la temperaturo Je multaj aparatoj tiu \u0109i speco de konduktiveco estas maldezirinda, kaj pli granda bendbre\u0109o donas pli bona funkciado. Je infraru\u011Daj fotodiodoj, malgrande bendbre\u0109aj duonkondukta\u0135oj uzi\u011Das por allasi detektado de malalt-energiaj fotonoj. La ebleco tajlori la bendbre\u0109o de aparato eblas en duonkondukta\u0135aj alojoj (tiel kiel GaAlAs, InGaAS, InAlAS, ktp...), kaj foje referi\u011Das kiel bendbre\u0109a in\u011Denierado. Tio \u0109i ekspluati\u011Das en la konstrukcio de (HDT-oj) kaj laseraj diodoj. La diferenco inter duonkondukta\u0135o kaj izola\u0135o estas iome ambigua. Fakte, la\u016D unu difino, duonkondukta\u0135o estas speco de izola\u0135o. La kvanto de 3 eV foje doni\u011Das. anka\u016D rolas en determinado de neformala klasado de materialoj. Benda bre\u0109o kutime malplii\u011Das kun plii\u011Da temperaturo, en procezo rilata al . Bendbre\u0109oj povas esti a\u016D a\u016D . Bendbre\u0109oj de kelkaj kutimaj materialoj \u0109e \u0109ambra temperaturo:"@eo . . . "\u0417\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0301\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u043E\u0301\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u0443 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0436\u043E\u043A \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439, \u0432 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432. \u041D\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0436\u043A\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0437\u043E\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0456\u0432\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445."@uk . . . . . . . . . "\u80FD\u9699"@zh . . . "\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: band gap\u3001\u7981\u6B62\u5E2F\u3001\u7981\u5236\u5E2F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5E83\u7FA9\u306E\u610F\u5473\u306F\u3001\u7D50\u6676\u306E\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u69CB\u9020\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u5B58\u5728\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u9818\u57DF\u5168\u822C\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002 \u305F\u3060\u3057\u534A\u5C0E\u4F53\u3001\u7D76\u7E01\u4F53\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u69CB\u9020\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u306B\u5360\u6709\u3055\u308C\u305F\u6700\u3082\u9AD8\u3044\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u4FA1\u96FB\u5B50\u5E2F\uFF09\u306E\u9802\u4E0A\u304B\u3089\u3001\u6700\u3082\u4F4E\u3044\u7A7A\u306E\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u4F1D\u5C0E\u5E2F\uFF09\u306E\u5E95\u307E\u3067\u306E\u9593\u306E\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u6E96\u4F4D\uFF08\u304A\u3088\u3073\u305D\u306E\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u5DEE\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002 E-k\u7A7A\u9593\u4E0A\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u96FB\u5B50\u306F\u3053\u306E\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u53D6\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\u306E\u5B58\u5728\u306B\u8D77\u56E0\u3059\u308B\u534A\u5C0E\u4F53\u306E\u7269\u6027\u306F\u534A\u5C0E\u4F53\u7D20\u5B50\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u7A4D\u6975\u7684\u306B\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\u3092\u8868\u73FE\u3059\u308B\u56F3\u306F\u3001E-k\u7A7A\u9593\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\u5468\u8FBA\u3060\u3051\u306B\u7740\u76EE\u3057\u305F\u56F3\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306Bk\u7A7A\u9593\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u6E96\u4F4D\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8868\u73FE\u3057\u305F\u56F3\u3082\u826F\u304F\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . "La banda prohibida (en angl\u00E8s bandgap), a la f\u00EDsica de l'estat s\u00F2lid i altres camps relacionats, \u00E9s la difer\u00E8ncia d'energia entre la part superior de la banda de val\u00E8ncia i la part inferior de la banda de conducci\u00F3. \u00C9s present a a\u00EFllants i semiconductors. La conductivitat el\u00E8ctrica d'un semiconductor intr\u00EDnsec (pur) dep\u00E8n en gran manera de l'amplada del gap. Els \u00FAnics portadors \u00FAtils per conduir s\u00F3n els electrons que tenen prou energia t\u00E8rmica per poder saltar la banda prohibida, la qual es defineix com la difer\u00E8ncia d'energia entre la banda de conducci\u00F3 i la banda de val\u00E8ncia. La probabilitat que un estat d'energia estigui ocupat per un electr\u00F3 es calcula mitjan\u00E7ant les estad\u00EDstiques de Fermi-Dirac. Una aproximaci\u00F3, la de Maxwell-Boltzmann, \u00E9s v\u00E0lida tamb\u00E9 si es compleix , on \u00E9s el nivell de Fermi. L'aproximaci\u00F3 de Maxwell-Boltzmann ve donada per: on: I \u00E9s la funci\u00F3 exponencial Eg \u00E9s l'energia de banda prohibida k \u00E9s la constant de Boltzmann T \u00E9s la temperatura La conductivitat \u00E9s un efecte no desitjat, i els materials amb una amplada de banda prohibida major ofereixen un millor comportament. En els fotod\u00EDode \u00E9s d'infrarojos s'usa un gap petit per permetre la detecci\u00F3 de fotons de baixa energia."@ca . "\u0417\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430"@ru . . . . "\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7"@ja . . . . "Banda prohibida"@ca . . . . . . . "Bandgapet \u00E4r inom fasta tillst\u00E5ndets fysik en grundl\u00E4ggande storhet f\u00F6r halvledare och isolatorer. Den anger den minsta m\u00E4ngd energi som kr\u00E4vs f\u00F6r att f\u00F6ra en elektron fr\u00E5n de h\u00F6gsta ockuperade tillst\u00E5nden till de l\u00E4gsta oockuperade tillst\u00E5nden, med andra ord avst\u00E5ndet mellan ledningsbandets botten och valensbandets topp. F\u00F6r metaller \u00E4r denna skillnad noll; banden \u00F6verlappar varandra. Bandgapet ger en f\u00F6rklaring av elektriska egenskaper som l\u00E5g konduktivitet och optiska egenskaper som transparens."@sv . . . . . . . . . . "Band gap"@en . "\u0417\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430"@uk . . . . . "Verboden zone"@nl . . . . . . "\u0108e solid-stata fiziko (kaj rilataj aplikitaj kampoj), la benda bre\u0109o estas la energia malsameco inter la supro de la kaj la subo de la \u0109e kaj duonkondukta\u0135oj. Ofte \u011Di nomi\u011Das \"bendbre\u0109o\". Vidu en kaj duonkondukta\u0135o por pli detala priskribo de benda strukturo. kie: exp estas la eksponenta funkcioEg estas la bende bre\u0109a energiok estas la konstanto de BoltzmannT estas la temperaturo Benda bre\u0109o kutime malplii\u011Das kun plii\u011Da temperaturo, en procezo rilata al . Bendbre\u0109oj povas esti a\u016D a\u016D . Bendbre\u0109oj de kelkaj kutimaj materialoj \u0109e \u0109ambra temperaturo:"@eo . . . . . . . . . "De verboden zone, bandkloof of band gap is in de vastestoffysica en materiaalkunde het energieverschil tussen de bovenkant van de valentieband en de onderkant van de geleidingsband in isolatoren en halfgeleiders. De elektrische en optische eigenschappen van een vaste stof worden hoofdzakelijk bepaald door de grootte van de verboden zone. De grootte van de verboden zone wordt meestal gegeven in elektronvolt (eV). en Energiesprong tussen de valentieband en de hoger gelegen geleidingsband van een materiaal: Band gap Eg voor materialen met covalente bindingen:"@nl . "La banda prohibida, brecha de bandas\u200B o brecha energ\u00E9tica (en ingl\u00E9s bandgap), en la f\u00EDsica del estado s\u00F3lido y otros campos relacionados, es la diferencia de energ\u00EDa entre la parte superior de la banda de valencia y la parte inferior de la banda de conducci\u00F3n. Esta cantidad se encuentra presente en aislantes y semiconductores, su predicci\u00F3n puede llegar a ser un reto para muchos de los m\u00E9todos te\u00F3ricos relacionados con la teor\u00EDa de bandas.\u200B La banda prohibida es una de las primordiales contribuciones en el campo de la mec\u00E1nica cu\u00E1ntica. La conductividad el\u00E9ctrica de un semiconductor intr\u00EDnseco (puro) depende en gran medida de la anchura del gap. Los \u00FAnicos portadores \u00FAtiles para conducir son los electrones que tienen suficiente energ\u00EDa t\u00E9rmica para poder saltar la banda prohibida, la cual se define como la diferencia de energ\u00EDa entre la banda de conducci\u00F3n y la banda de valencia. La probabilidad de que un estado de energ\u00EDa est\u00E9 ocupado por un electr\u00F3n se calcula mediante las estad\u00EDsticas de Fermi-Dirac. Una aproximaci\u00F3n, la de Maxwell-Boltzmann, es v\u00E1lida tambi\u00E9n si se cumple , donde es el nivel de Fermi. La aproximaci\u00F3n de Maxwell-Boltzmann viene dada por: donde: e es la funci\u00F3n exponencialEg es la energ\u00EDa de banda prohibidak es la constante de BoltzmannT es la temperatura La conductividad es un efecto no deseado, y los materiales con un ancho de banda prohibida mayor ofrecen un mejor comportamiento. En los fotodiodos de infrarrojos se usa un gap peque\u00F1o para permitir la detecci\u00F3n de fotones de baja energ\u00EDa."@es . . . "In solid-state physics, a band gap, also called an energy gap, is an energy range in a solid where no electronic states can exist. In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap generally refers to the energy difference (in electron volts) between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in insulators and semiconductors. It is the energy required to promote a valence electron bound to an atom to become a conduction electron, which is free to move within the crystal lattice and serve as a charge carrier to conduct electric current. It is closely related to the HOMO/LUMO gap in chemistry. If the valence band is completely full and the conduction band is completely empty, then electrons cannot move within the solid because there are no available st"@en . . . . "Banda prohibida"@es . . . 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"La banda prohibida (en angl\u00E8s bandgap), a la f\u00EDsica de l'estat s\u00F2lid i altres camps relacionats, \u00E9s la difer\u00E8ncia d'energia entre la part superior de la banda de val\u00E8ncia i la part inferior de la banda de conducci\u00F3. \u00C9s present a a\u00EFllants i semiconductors. on: I \u00E9s la funci\u00F3 exponencial Eg \u00E9s l'energia de banda prohibida k \u00E9s la constant de Boltzmann T \u00E9s la temperatura"@ca . . . . "In solid-state physics, a band gap, also called an energy gap, is an energy range in a solid where no electronic states can exist. In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap generally refers to the energy difference (in electron volts) between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in insulators and semiconductors. It is the energy required to promote a valence electron bound to an atom to become a conduction electron, which is free to move within the crystal lattice and serve as a charge carrier to conduct electric current. It is closely related to the HOMO/LUMO gap in chemistry. If the valence band is completely full and the conduction band is completely empty, then electrons cannot move within the solid because there are no available states. If the electrons are not free to move within the crystal lattice, then there is no generated current due to no net charge carrier mobility. However, if some electrons transfer from the valence band (mostly full) to the conduction band (mostly empty), then current can flow (see carrier generation and recombination). Therefore, the band gap is a major factor determining the electrical conductivity of a solid. Substances with large band gaps are generally insulators, those with smaller band gaps are semiconductors, while conductors either have very small band gaps or none, because the valence and conduction bands overlap to form a continuous band."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Als Bandl\u00FCcke (englisch band gap), auch Bandabstand bzw. verbotene Zone, wird der energetische Abstand zwischen Valenzband und Leitungsband eines Festk\u00F6rpers bezeichnet. Dessen elektrische und optische Eigenschaften werden wesentlich durch die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Bandl\u00FCcke bestimmt. Die Gr\u00F6\u00DFe der Bandl\u00FCcke wird \u00FCblicherweise in Elektronenvolt (eV) angegeben."@de . . "\u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642"@ar . . . . . 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"\uB760\uD2C8"@ko . "1121269033"^^ . . . . "\uC751\uC9D1\uBB3C\uC9C8\uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uB760\uD2C8(band gap \uBC34\uB4DC \uAC2D[*]), \uB760\uAC04\uACA9, \uB610\uB294 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uD2C8(energy gap)\uC774\uB780 \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4, \uC808\uC5F0\uCCB4\uC758 \uB760\uAD6C\uC870\uC5D0\uC11C \uC804\uC790\uC5D0 \uC810\uC720\uB41C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB192\uC740 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB760 (\uC6D0\uC790\uAC00\uB760)\uC758 \uB9E8\uC704\uBD80\uD130 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB0AE\uC740 \uACF5\uAC04\uB760 (\uC804\uB3C4\uB760)\uC758 \uBC14\uB2E5\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uC900\uC704\uB098 \uADF8 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uCC28\uC774\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. E-k \uACF5\uAC04\uC0C1\uC5D0 \uC788\uACE0, \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uC774 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB97C \uCDE8\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB2E4. \uB760\uD2C8\uC758 \uC874\uC7AC\uC5D0 \uAE30\uC778\uD558\uB294 \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4 \uBB3C\uC131\uC740 \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC18C\uC790\uC5D0\uC11C \uC801\uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC6A9\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uB113\uC740 \uC758\uBBF8\uB85C\uB294 \uACB0\uC815\uC758 \uB760\uAD6C\uC870\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC601\uC5ED \uC804\uCCB4\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uB760\uD2C8\uC744 \uD45C\uD604\uD560 \uB54C E-k \uACF5\uAC04\uC5D0\uC11C \uB760\uD2C8 \uC8FC\uBCC0\uB9CC \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD558\uAC70\uB098, \uD30C\uC218 \uACF5\uAC04\uC744 \uBB34\uC2DC\uD558\uACE0 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uC900\uC704\uB9CC\uC744 \uD45C\uD604\uD55C \uADF8\uB9BC\uB3C4 \uC790\uC8FC \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . "De verboden zone, bandkloof of band gap is in de vastestoffysica en materiaalkunde het energieverschil tussen de bovenkant van de valentieband en de onderkant van de geleidingsband in isolatoren en halfgeleiders. De elektrische en optische eigenschappen van een vaste stof worden hoofdzakelijk bepaald door de grootte van de verboden zone. De grootte van de verboden zone wordt meestal gegeven in elektronvolt (eV). Stoffen met een grote verboden zone zijn in het algemeen isolatoren, die met kleinere afstanden halfgeleiders. Geleiders hebben een zeer kleine verboden zone of helemaal geen, omdat de valentie- en geleidingsbanden elkaar raken of overlappen. Elektronen bevinden zich in de stof in een toestand met bepaalde energie en bezetten de laagst mogelijke energieband. Vanwege het uitsluitingsprincipe van Pauli kunnen er geen twee elektronen in de stof bestaan met dezelfde eigenschappen. Aangezien er miljarden atomen zitten in een vaste stof, verspreiden de elektronen zich over een band van energie. Ofwel, doordat de golffuncties van naburige atomen in een vaste stof met elkaar overlappen hebben de mogelijke energieniveaus van de stof de neiging om banden te vormen. Niet alle mogelijke energieniveaus zijn \"toegestaan\", daardoor zit er tussen verschillende banden een 'verboden zone' of energiekloof. Het niveau tot waar bij 0 kelvin alle energieniveaus gevuld zijn met elektronen wordt het fermi-niveau genoemd. Een elektron kan door toevoeging van energie (door warmte of energie van fotonen) van de valentieband naar de geleidingsband gaan. Hier heeft het elektron veel meer ruimte en kan bewegen, wat elektrische geleiding veroorzaakt. De temperatuur of golflengte die nodig is om de elektronen in de valentieband van genoeg energie te voorzien, is uit te rekenen met respectievelijk: en Hierin is de energie, de boltzmannconstante, de temperatuur, de constante van Planck, de lichtsnelheid en de golflengte. Zo kan worden berekend dat zichtbaar licht elektronen over een band gap van maximaal 3,26 eV kan heen helpen. Energiesprong tussen de valentieband en de hoger gelegen geleidingsband van een materiaal: \n* isolator > 5 eV \n* halfgeleider ~ 1 eV \n* geleider < 0 eV (overlapping van valentie- en geleidingsband) Band gap Eg voor materialen met covalente bindingen: \n* diamant: 5,3 eV \n* zinksulfide: 3,6 eV \n* galliumarsenide: 1,42 eV \n* silicium: 1,14 eV \n* germanium: 0,67 eV In een coderingssysteem voor halfgeleiders wordt de grootte van de band gap met de volgende letters als beginletter aangeduid: \n* A germanium: 0,6 \u00E0 1,0 eV \n* B silicium: 1,0 \u00E0 1,3 eV \n* C galliumarsenide: 1,3 \u00E0 ... \n* R samengestelde materialen; cadmiumsulfide: 2,42 eV Een component met de codering BC148 is dan bijvoorbeeld een siliciumtransistor."@nl . . . "\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: band gap\u3001\u7981\u6B62\u5E2F\u3001\u7981\u5236\u5E2F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5E83\u7FA9\u306E\u610F\u5473\u306F\u3001\u7D50\u6676\u306E\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u69CB\u9020\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u5B58\u5728\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u9818\u57DF\u5168\u822C\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002 \u305F\u3060\u3057\u534A\u5C0E\u4F53\u3001\u7D76\u7E01\u4F53\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u69CB\u9020\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u306B\u5360\u6709\u3055\u308C\u305F\u6700\u3082\u9AD8\u3044\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u4FA1\u96FB\u5B50\u5E2F\uFF09\u306E\u9802\u4E0A\u304B\u3089\u3001\u6700\u3082\u4F4E\u3044\u7A7A\u306E\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u4F1D\u5C0E\u5E2F\uFF09\u306E\u5E95\u307E\u3067\u306E\u9593\u306E\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u6E96\u4F4D\uFF08\u304A\u3088\u3073\u305D\u306E\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u5DEE\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002 E-k\u7A7A\u9593\u4E0A\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u96FB\u5B50\u306F\u3053\u306E\u72B6\u614B\u3092\u53D6\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\u306E\u5B58\u5728\u306B\u8D77\u56E0\u3059\u308B\u534A\u5C0E\u4F53\u306E\u7269\u6027\u306F\u534A\u5C0E\u4F53\u7D20\u5B50\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u7A4D\u6975\u7684\u306B\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\u3092\u8868\u73FE\u3059\u308B\u56F3\u306F\u3001E-k\u7A7A\u9593\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u30D0\u30F3\u30C9\u30AE\u30E3\u30C3\u30D7\u5468\u8FBA\u3060\u3051\u306B\u7740\u76EE\u3057\u305F\u56F3\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306Bk\u7A7A\u9593\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3057\u3066\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u6E96\u4F4D\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8868\u73FE\u3057\u305F\u56F3\u3082\u826F\u304F\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "\u5E36\u9699\uFF08band gap\uFF09\u3001\u5E36\u6E9D\uFF0C\u6216\u7A31\u80FD\u9699\uFF08energy gap\uFF09\u3001\u80FD\u5E36\u9699\uFF08energy band gap\uFF09\u3001\u7981\u5E26\u5BBD\u5EA6\uFF08width of forbidden band\uFF09\uFF0C\u5728\u56FA\u614B\u7269\u7406\u5B78\u4E2D\u6CDB\u6307\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u6216\u7D55\u7DE3\u9AD4\u7684\u50F9\u5E36\u9802\u7AEF\u81F3\u50B3\u5C0E\u5E36\u5E95\u7AEF\u7684\u80FD\u91CF\u5DEE\u8DDD\u3002 \u5C0D\u4E00\u500B\u672C\u8CEA\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u5176\u5C0E\u96FB\u6027\u8207\u80FD\u9699\u7684\u5927\u5C0F\u6709\u95DC\uFF0C\u53EA\u6709\u7372\u5F97\u8DB3\u5920\u80FD\u91CF\u7684\u96FB\u5B50\u624D\u80FD\u5F9E\u50F9\u5E36\u88AB\u6FC0\u767C\uFF0C\u8DE8\u904E\u80FD\u9699\u4E26\u8E8D\u9077\u81F3\u50B3\u5C0E\u5E36\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8CBB\u7C73-\u72C4\u62C9\u514B\u7D71\u8A08\u53EF\u4EE5\u5F97\u5230\u96FB\u5B50\u4F54\u64DA\u67D0\u500B\u80FD\u968E\u7684\u6A5F\u7387\u3002\u53C8\u5047\u8A2D\uFF0C\u662F\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u8CBB\u7C73\u80FD\u968E\uFF0C\u96FB\u5B50\u4F54\u64DA\u7684\u6A5F\u7387\u53EF\u4EE5\u5229\u7528\u6CE2\u8332\u66FC\u8FD1\u4F3C\u7C21\u5316\u70BA\uFF1A \u5728\u4E0A\u5F0F\u4E2D\uFF0C\u662F\u80FD\u9699\u7684\u5BEC\u5EA6\u3001\u662F\u6CE2\u8332\u66FC\u5E38\u6578\uFF0C\u800C\u5247\u662F\u6EAB\u5EA6\u3002 \u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u80FD\u9699\u53EF\u4EE5\u5229\u7528\u4E00\u4E9B\u5DE5\u7A0B\u624B\u6CD5\u52A0\u4EE5\u8ABF\u6574\uFF0C\u7279\u5225\u662F\u5728\u5316\u5408\u7269\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u63A7\u5236\u7837\u5316\u93B5\u92C1\uFF08AlGaAs\uFF09\u6216\u7837\u5316\u93B5\u92A6\uFF08InGaAs\uFF09\u5404\u7A2E\u5143\u7D20\u9593\u7684\u6BD4\u4F8B\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u5229\u7528\u5982\u5206\u5B50\u675F\u78CA\u6676\uFF08Molecular Beam Epitaxy, MBE\uFF09\u6210\u9577\u51FA\u591A\u5C64\u7684\u78CA\u6676\u6750\u6599\u3002\u9019\u985E\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u6750\u6599\u5728\u9AD8\u901F\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u5143\u4EF6\u6216\u662F\u5149\u96FB\u5143\u4EF6\uFF0C\u5982\u5F02\u8D28\u7ED3\u53CC\u6781\u6027\u6676\u4F53\u7BA1\uFF08Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor, HBT\uFF09\u3001\u96F7\u5C04\u4E8C\u6975\u9AD4\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u96FB\u6C60\u4E0A\u5DF2\u7D93\u6210\u70BA\u4E3B\u6D41\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u0641\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u0648\u062C\u062F. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062E\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062C\u062F \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A eV\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0635\u064A\u0644. \u062A\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062D\u062F\u062F \u0642\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060C \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0645\u062A\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064A\u0633 \u0644\u062F\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062C\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642."@ar . "\u0417\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043E\u0301\u043D\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D \u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C (\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C) \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u0435. \u0414\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0430. \u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043E\u043D\u044B \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442 (\u043E\u0442 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B.: g = gap \u2014 \u00AB\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043E\u043A\u00BB, \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0440\u00BB) \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u041A\u0430\u043A \u044D\u043A\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0437\u043E\u043D\u0430\u00BB \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u00AB\u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0449\u0435\u043B\u044C\u00BB; \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F\u00BB \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u00AB\u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F\u00BB \u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0442\u043E."@ru . "Bendbre\u0109o"@eo . "Banda proibita"@it . . . . . . . . . . "Bandgapet \u00E4r inom fasta tillst\u00E5ndets fysik en grundl\u00E4ggande storhet f\u00F6r halvledare och isolatorer. Den anger den minsta m\u00E4ngd energi som kr\u00E4vs f\u00F6r att f\u00F6ra en elektron fr\u00E5n de h\u00F6gsta ockuperade tillst\u00E5nden till de l\u00E4gsta oockuperade tillst\u00E5nden, med andra ord avst\u00E5ndet mellan ledningsbandets botten och valensbandets topp. F\u00F6r metaller \u00E4r denna skillnad noll; banden \u00F6verlappar varandra. Bandgapet ger en f\u00F6rklaring av elektriska egenskaper som l\u00E5g konduktivitet och optiska egenskaper som transparens."@sv . . . "La banda proibita o energia di gap o band gap di un isolante o di un semiconduttore \u00E8 l'intervallo di energia interdetto agli elettroni. Ovvero, in un isolante (o semiconduttore non drogato), non pu\u00F2 esistere un elettrone, in uno stato stazionario, che abbia un'energia compresa tra gli estremi nella banda proibita. Generalmente la banda permessa di energia inferiore si chiama banda di valenza, mentre quella superiore si chiama banda di conduzione. Il gap energetico tra banda di valenza e conduzione \u00E8 utilizzato per classificare i materiali in merito alle caratteristiche elettroniche: si considerano conduttori quelli che esibiscono bande sovrapposte o con un piccolissimo gap, mentre sono definiti isolanti quelli che presentano un'ampia zona interdetta. A met\u00E0 strada si collocano i semiconduttori, simili agli isolanti, ma con una banda interdetta relativamente poco ampia. Nella banda proibita avvengono i processi di elettrone - lacuna. Il procedimento attraverso cui si modificano le posizioni fisiche e le interazioni energetiche di elettroni e lacune viene chiamato Band-gap engineering. Il silicio non drogato ha una banda proibita di circa 1,12 eV a temperatura ambiente."@it . . . . . . "Bandgap"@sv . . . . "118396"^^ . . . "Przerwa energetyczna"@pl . . "\uC751\uC9D1\uBB3C\uC9C8\uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C \uB760\uD2C8(band gap \uBC34\uB4DC \uAC2D[*]), \uB760\uAC04\uACA9, \uB610\uB294 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uD2C8(energy gap)\uC774\uB780 \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4, \uC808\uC5F0\uCCB4\uC758 \uB760\uAD6C\uC870\uC5D0\uC11C \uC804\uC790\uC5D0 \uC810\uC720\uB41C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB192\uC740 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0\uB760 (\uC6D0\uC790\uAC00\uB760)\uC758 \uB9E8\uC704\uBD80\uD130 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB0AE\uC740 \uACF5\uAC04\uB760 (\uC804\uB3C4\uB760)\uC758 \uBC14\uB2E5\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC0AC\uC774\uC758 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uC900\uC704\uB098 \uADF8 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uCC28\uC774\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. E-k \uACF5\uAC04\uC0C1\uC5D0 \uC788\uACE0, \uC804\uC790\uB294 \uC774 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB97C \uCDE8\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB2E4. \uB760\uD2C8\uC758 \uC874\uC7AC\uC5D0 \uAE30\uC778\uD558\uB294 \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4 \uBB3C\uC131\uC740 \uBC18\uB3C4\uCCB4\uC18C\uC790\uC5D0\uC11C \uC801\uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC774\uC6A9\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB9AC\uACE0 \uB113\uC740 \uC758\uBBF8\uB85C\uB294 \uACB0\uC815\uC758 \uB760\uAD6C\uC870\uC5D0 \uB300\uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uC790\uAC00 \uC874\uC7AC\uD560 \uC218 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC601\uC5ED \uC804\uCCB4\uB97C \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uB760\uD2C8\uC744 \uD45C\uD604\uD560 \uB54C E-k \uACF5\uAC04\uC5D0\uC11C \uB760\uD2C8 \uC8FC\uBCC0\uB9CC \uC8FC\uBAA9\uD558\uAC70\uB098, \uD30C\uC218 \uACF5\uAC04\uC744 \uBB34\uC2DC\uD558\uACE0 \uC5D0\uB108\uC9C0 \uC900\uC704\uB9CC\uC744 \uD45C\uD604\uD55C \uADF8\uB9BC\uB3C4 \uC790\uC8FC \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . "Przerwa energetyczna, przerwa zabroniona, pasmo zabronione, symbol Eg, Wg \u2013 zakres energii elektron\u00F3w w ciele sta\u0142ym cechuj\u0105cy si\u0119 silnym rozpraszaniem elektron\u00F3w na atomach, co sprawia, \u017Ce w uk\u0142adzie nie ma elektron\u00F3w o energii z tego przedzia\u0142u. Istnienie i szeroko\u015B\u0107 przerwy energetycznej oraz po\u0142o\u017Cenie wzgl\u0119dem niej poziomu Fermiego ma podstawowe znaczenie dla w\u0142a\u015Bciwo\u015Bci p\u00F3\u0142przewodnik\u00F3w. Je\u017Celi mie\u015Bci si\u0119 on w przerwie energetycznej, to uk\u0142ad w odpowiednio niskiej temperaturze jest izolatorem. W\u0142asno\u015Bci uk\u0142adu w wy\u017Cszych temperaturach zale\u017C\u0105 od szeroko\u015Bci przerwy i po\u0142o\u017Cenia poziomu Fermiego."@pl . . . "Przerwa energetyczna, przerwa zabroniona, pasmo zabronione, symbol Eg, Wg \u2013 zakres energii elektron\u00F3w w ciele sta\u0142ym cechuj\u0105cy si\u0119 silnym rozpraszaniem elektron\u00F3w na atomach, co sprawia, \u017Ce w uk\u0142adzie nie ma elektron\u00F3w o energii z tego przedzia\u0142u."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Nos materiais semicondutores \u00E0 temperatura de zero Kelvin (zero absoluto), todos el\u00E9trons encontram-se na banda de val\u00EAncia. Neste estado o semicondutor tem caracter\u00EDsticas de um isolante el\u00E9trico. A medida que sua temperatura aumenta, os el\u00E9trons absorvem energia passando para a banda de condu\u00E7\u00E3o. Esta \"quantidade\" de energia necess\u00E1ria para que o el\u00E9tron efetue essa transi\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 chamada de gap de energia (em ingl\u00EAs band gap), ou banda proibida. \u00C0 medida que a temperatura do semicondutor aumenta, o n\u00FAmero de el\u00E9trons que passam para a banda de condu\u00E7\u00E3o tamb\u00E9m aumenta, passando o semicondutor a conduzir mais eletricidade, caso seja exposto a uma diferen\u00E7a de potencial. Para entendermos como se d\u00E1 a condu\u00E7\u00E3o el\u00E9trica em um semicondutor primeiramente precisamos entender como se comportam os \u00E1tomos num s\u00F3lido. Dois \u00E1tomos separados possuem, cada um, seus estados de energia quantizados, conforme descreve a mec\u00E2nica qu\u00E2ntica. Ao aproximarmos esses dois \u00E1tomos suas fun\u00E7\u00F5es de onda come\u00E7am a se sobrepor. As camadas mais internas desses \u00E1tomos s\u00E3o pouco influenciadas pela proximidade entre eles devido ao fato dos el\u00E9trons estarem mais ``presos\" ao n\u00FAcleo at\u00F4mico. Entretanto as camadas mais externas s\u00E3o bastantes influenciadas pela dist\u00E2ncia, fazendo com que as autofun\u00E7\u00F5es dos \u00E1tomos se sobreponham, e, ao se sobrepor, os n\u00EDveis de energia se modificam. Um s\u00F3lido \u00E9 composto de v\u00E1rios \u00E1tomos muito pr\u00F3ximos um ao outro, de maneira que as autofun\u00E7\u00F5es de cada \u00E1tomo influencia a do \u00E1tomo vizinho. O efeito da aproxima\u00E7\u00E3o faz com que os el\u00E9trons das camadas mais externas de um \u00E1tomo compartilhem n\u00EDveis de energia. Quando consideramos \u00E1tomos de uma mesma esp\u00E9cie, o efeito da proximidade faz com que seus n\u00EDveis de energia se desdobrem vezes. A dist\u00E2ncia entre os \u00E1tomos vai ser respons\u00E1vel pela sobreposi\u00E7\u00E3o dos n\u00EDveis de energia, sendo assim, devido ao grande n\u00FAmero de \u00E1tomos pr\u00F3ximos num s\u00F3lido, os n\u00EDveis de energia v\u00E3o ser t\u00E3o pr\u00F3ximos um do outro que na verdade parecer\u00E3o uma banda cont\u00EDnua de energia. Os el\u00E9trons afetados s\u00E3o aqueles que est\u00E3o na banda de val\u00EAncia, ou seja, aqueles menos ligados ao n\u00FAcleo. A sobreposi\u00E7\u00E3o das fun\u00E7\u00F5es de onda dos el\u00E9trons faz com que os n\u00EDveis de energia se alarguem, fazendo surgir bandas de energia e bandas proibidas, ou seja, intervalos de energia proibida entre uma banda e outra. No s\u00F3lido trabalha-se com a configura\u00E7\u00E3o da c\u00E9lula unit\u00E1ria de uma rede cristalina, com a an\u00E1lise desta c\u00E9lula podemos entender o comportamento do s\u00F3lido. Vamos a um exemplo de como se efetua essa id\u00E9ia. O diamante \u00E9 formado por \u00E1tomos de carbono, cada um com quatro el\u00E9trons de val\u00EAncia, e cada c\u00E9lula unit\u00E1ria do diamante possui dois carbonos. A \u00FAltima camada do carbono corresponde a , onde o orbital s desta camada pode suportar dois el\u00E9trons de spin oposto e o orbital pode suportar at\u00E9 seis el\u00E9trons devido a sua tripla degener\u00E2ncia proveniente do n\u00FAmero qu\u00E2ntico espacial , que pode assumir os valores . Sendo assim, a proximidade entre dois \u00E1tomos de carbono v\u00E3o fazer com que o orbital d\u00EA origem a dois n\u00EDveis de energia e o orbital a seis n\u00EDveis de energia, e estes n\u00EDveis ser\u00E3o ocupados por oito el\u00E9trons de val\u00EAncia, quatro de cada \u00E1tomo. Devido a proximidade, o orbital do carbono dar\u00E1 origem a uma banda de energia, enquanto o orbital dar\u00E1 origem a tr\u00EAs bandas de energia, onde em cada banda pode conter dois el\u00E9trons. Sendo assim, a banda de val\u00EAncia da c\u00E9lula unit\u00E1ria do diamante estar\u00E1 completamente cheia. Ao aplicarmos uma diferen\u00E7a de potencial no diamante, esta dar\u00E1 energia aos el\u00E9trons da banda de val\u00EAncia, mas como a camada est\u00E1 cheia, n\u00E3o h\u00E1 espa\u00E7os para os el\u00E9trons \"andarem\", j\u00E1 que cada banda s\u00F3 pode ter dois el\u00E9trons devido ao princ\u00EDpio da exclus\u00E3o, e como a proximidade entre os \u00E1tomos fazem com que os n\u00EDveis de energia se alarguem, as camadas mais energ\u00E9ticas acima est\u00E3o separadas da banda de val\u00EAncia por uma regi\u00E3o proibida, ent\u00E3o se a energia n\u00E3o for suficiente para fazer o el\u00E9tron pular para estes n\u00EDveis, n\u00E3o ocorrer\u00E1 a forma\u00E7\u00E3o de corrente, ent\u00E3o o diamante \u00E9 considerado isolante. Para um s\u00F3lido conduzir corrente, ele n\u00E3o pode ter sua camada de val\u00EAncia cheia, assim haver\u00E1 espa\u00E7os dentro da banda para ele se mover. Ent\u00E3o para dizer se um s\u00F3lido \u00E9 condutor ou n\u00E3o, deve-se levar em conta a estrutura da rede e seus respectivos constituintes. Um semicondutor se comporta como um isolante, a diferen\u00E7a \u00E9 que a regi\u00E3o da banda proibida, tamb\u00E9m conhecida como GAP, \u00E9 muito pequena. A zero graus Kelvin, o semicondutor se comporta como um isolante perfeito, mas devido ao pequeno GAP, a agita\u00E7\u00E3o t\u00E9rmica devido ao aumento da temperatura \u00E9 capaz de fazer com que os el\u00E9trons da banda de val\u00EAncia pulem para a banda superior, denominada banda de condu\u00E7\u00E3o. Ao passar para a banda de condu\u00E7\u00E3o esses el\u00E9trons deixam buracos na camada de val\u00EAncia, e esses buracos tamb\u00E9m s\u00E3o respons\u00E1veis pela condutividade el\u00E9trica do material."@pt . .