. . . . . . "Biocompatibilidad es un t\u00E9rmino derivado del prefijo bio- (del griego \u03B2\u03B9\u03BF\u03C3, \u201Cvida, ser vivo\u201D) y de la palabra compatibilidad (\u201Ccapacidad de estar con\u201D). Es la capacidad de un material para actuar con una respuesta adecuada del medio biol\u00F3gico en el cual son utilizados (un ser humano u otro ser vivo). Los materiales biocompatibles son llamados biomateriales. El t\u00E9rmino biocompatibilidad se aplica principalmente a los materiales m\u00E9dicos en contacto directo, breve o prolongado, con los tejidos y fluidos internos del cuerpo como las sondas, las jeringuillas, las pr\u00F3tesis, etc. Si se trata de un contacto breve intervienen la posible toxicidad o no del material, y el que pueda producir una reacci\u00F3n al\u00E9rgica en el individuo. Si se trata de un contacto prolongado interesa adem\u00E1s cual debe ser la reacci\u00F3n deseada del tejido receptor: \n* Que no reaccione con el hu\u00E9sped (materiales bioinertes), como el caso de la sutura de una herida con seda. \n* Que se degrade o se reabsorba para ser reemplazado por el tejido del hu\u00E9sped (materiales bio-reabsorbibles o biodegradables), como el caso de una sutura interna con catgut. \n* Que reaccione con el tejido en que se implanta dando lugar a una fuerte uni\u00F3n entre ambos (materiales bioactivos), como el caso de los implantes dentales o los implantes ortop\u00E9dicos. La biocompatibilidad se refiere a la capacidad de un biomaterial para desempe\u00F1ar la funci\u00F3n deseada de acuerdo con el tratamiento m\u00E9dico, sin provocar ning\u00FAn efecto indeseable local o sist\u00E9mico en el beneficiario de la terapia, pero al mismo tiempo generando la mejor respuesta celular o del tejido en esa situaci\u00F3n espec\u00EDfica. Asimismo, puede optimizar el desempe\u00F1o cl\u00EDnico de dicha terapia (WILLIAMS et al., 2008). Existen diversos materiales utilizados en ingenier\u00EDa de tejidos, los cuales se pueden subdividir en materiales naturales y materiales sint\u00E9ticos. Dentro de los naturales se incluyen, por ejemplo, el col\u00E1geno, los glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs), quitosano y alginatos (GOUGH et al., 2002). Las ventajas de \u00E9stos es que poseen una baja toxicidad y una baja respuesta inflamatoria cr\u00F3nica. Sin embargo, dentro de sus desventajas se encuentran las pobres propiedades mec\u00E1nicas, as\u00ED como estructuras complejas, que pueden dificultar su manipulaci\u00F3n. Es por ello que tienen la posibilidad de combinarse con otros materiales naturales o sint\u00E9ticos, con el fin de mejorar las propiedades mec\u00E1nicas manteniendo la biocompatibilidad. \n* Datos: Q864426 \n* Multimedia: Biocompatibility / Q864426"@es . . . . "1099358541"^^ . . . . . "Biozgodno\u015B\u0107"@pl . . . "Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of biomaterials in various contexts. The term refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation. The ambiguity of the term reflects the ongoing development of insights into how biomaterials interact with the human body and eventually how those interactions determine the clinical success of a medical device (such as pacemaker, hip replacement or stent). Modern medical devices and prostheses are often made of more than one material so it might not always be sufficient to talk about the biocompatibility of a specific material."@en . "Biocompatibility : Ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application.\n\nBiocompatibility: Ability to be in contact with a living system without producing an adverse effect."@en . . "\uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131(biocompatibility)\uC740 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC0C1\uD669\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC7AC\uB8CC(biomaterials)\uC758 \uBC18\uC751\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB294 \uD2B9\uC815\uD55C \uC0C1\uD669\uC5D0\uC11C \uC219\uC8FC(host)\uAC00 \uC801\uC808\uD55C \uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uBCF4\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD558\uB294 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC758 \uB2A5\uB825\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC758 \uC560\uB9E4\uBAA8\uD638\uD568\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC778\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0C1\uD638 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uD558\uACE0, \uACB0\uAD6D \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uC0C1\uD638 \uC791\uC6A9\uC774 (medical device)((pacemaker), (hip replacement), \uC2A4\uD150\uD2B8(stent) \uB4F1)\uC758 \uC784\uC0C1\uD559\uC801 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC774\uD574\uC758 \uC815\uB3C4\uB97C\uC54C \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300\uC758 \uC758\uB8CC \uAE30\uAE30\uC640 \uC778\uACF5 \uC0BD\uC785\uBB3C(prosthesis)\uB4E4\uC740 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uD558\uB098 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uB85C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C0\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uD2B9\uC815 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC744 \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uAE30\uAC00 \uC5B4\uB835\uB2E4. \uC778\uCCB4\uC758 \uBA74\uC5ED \uBC18\uC751(immune response)\uACFC \uD68C\uBCF5 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBCF5\uC7A1\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uB2E8\uC77C \uC138\uD3EC\uB098 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uB2E8\uC77C \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC758 \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uB9D0\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB294 1970\uB144\uC5D0 RJ Hegyeli \uC640 CA Homsy et al\uC758 \uD68C\uC758\uC640 \uD559\uC220\uC9C0 \uB17C\uBB38 \uC2EC\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC98\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uC5B8\uAE09\uB418\uC5C8\uB358 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uACFC\uD559 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC5D0\uC11C \uD754\uD788 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uAE30 \uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC70\uC758 20\uB144\uC774 \uAC78\uB838\uB2E4."@ko . . "Biocompatibilit\u00E0"@it . . "Biocompatibility"@en . "\u751F\u4F53\u9069\u5408\u6027\uFF08\u305B\u3044\u305F\u3044\u3066\u304D\u3054\u3046\u305B\u3044\u3001\u82F1: biocompatibility\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u751F\u4F53\u7D44\u7E54\u3084\u5668\u5B98\u3068\u89AA\u548C\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7570\u7269\u53CD\u5FDC\u3084\u62D2\u7D76\u53CD\u5FDC\u306A\u3069\u3092\u751F\u3058\u306A\u3044\u6027\u8CEA\u3002"@ja . . . . "\u0411\u0456\u043E\u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C"@uk . . "Biocompatibilit\u00E9"@fr . . . . . . "IUPAC definition"@en . . "Biocompatibilit\u00E0 \u00E8 un termine composto dal prefisso bio- (dal greco \u03B2\u03B9\u03BF\u03C3, \u201Cvita, essere vivente\u201D) e dalla parola compatibilit\u00E0, derivante dal latino cum patior (letteralmente \u201Cpartecipare a\u201D) traducibile con l'espressione \u201Cessere in sintonia con\u201D; l'etimo sottolinea dunque in maniera evidente il carattere di armonia con la vita di tutto ci\u00F2 che pu\u00F2 definirsi biocompatibile. Capacit\u00E0 di una sostanza di essere metabolizzata dagli organismi viventi senza nessun effetto dannoso sulle funzioni vitali. Il significato \u00E8 diverso se si intende ."@it . . . "Biokompatibilitet"@sv . "1665878"^^ . "\u751F\u4F53\u9069\u5408\u6027\uFF08\u305B\u3044\u305F\u3044\u3066\u304D\u3054\u3046\u305B\u3044\u3001\u82F1: biocompatibility\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u751F\u4F53\u7D44\u7E54\u3084\u5668\u5B98\u3068\u89AA\u548C\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7570\u7269\u53CD\u5FDC\u3084\u62D2\u7D76\u53CD\u5FDC\u306A\u3069\u3092\u751F\u3058\u306A\u3044\u6027\u8CEA\u3002"@ja . . . "\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629"@ar . "Biocompatibilit\u00E0 \u00E8 un termine composto dal prefisso bio- (dal greco \u03B2\u03B9\u03BF\u03C3, \u201Cvita, essere vivente\u201D) e dalla parola compatibilit\u00E0, derivante dal latino cum patior (letteralmente \u201Cpartecipare a\u201D) traducibile con l'espressione \u201Cessere in sintonia con\u201D; l'etimo sottolinea dunque in maniera evidente il carattere di armonia con la vita di tutto ci\u00F2 che pu\u00F2 definirsi biocompatibile. Capacit\u00E0 di una sostanza di essere metabolizzata dagli organismi viventi senza nessun effetto dannoso sulle funzioni vitali. Il significato \u00E8 diverso se si intende . Il concetto \u00E8 stato trattato in maniera organica per la prima volta nella letteratura medico-chirurgica, per la quale esso definisce la particolare propriet\u00E0 di sostanze, organi o materiali, di essere ben tollerati da un organismo vivente e comprende l'idea dell'accettazione di un impianto artificiale da parte dei tessuti circostanti e da parte del corpo come un tutt'uno. Oltre alle caratterische strutturali del metallo/lega, \u00E8 importante anche il suo potenziale elettrico. Nonostante i tentativi di stabilizzare le leghe, \u00E8 probabile che nei passaggi stato solido-liquido-solido per la produzione, non si ottenga un rapporto esatto di scambio di elettroni, e restino delle impurit\u00E0, i radicali liberi che danno luogo ad ossidazione.L'alternativa \u00E8 l'elaborazione di metodi che mutano la presenza elettrodinamica in una forma statica, inibendo la classica attivit\u00E0 elettrogalvanica con la conseguente dissociazione ionica dei metalli verso i tessuti e i liquidi. I metalli con un alto contenuto elettrodinamico, in presenza elettrolitica organica, oltre a variare le proprie caratteristiche, possono generare una dissociazione dei propri elementi impuri sotto forma di sali ionici, che restano nella lega e continuano il processo di ossidazione reagendo con il potenziale elettrico che naturalmente possiede il nostro corpo (definiti radicali liberi). Gli effetti sull'organismo sono dovuti sia agli ioni metallici che alle correnti indotte."@it . . . . "\u0411\u0438\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C"@ru . . . "\u0411\u0438\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. biocompatibility) \u2014 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430, \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430."@ru . "Biozgodno\u015B\u0107 \u2013 cecha substancji lub materia\u0142u warunkuj\u0105ca jego prawid\u0142owe dzia\u0142anie w \u017Cywym organizmie. Materia\u0142 o du\u017Cej biozgodno\u015Bci powinien charakteryzowa\u0107 si\u0119 nast\u0119puj\u0105cymi cechami: \n* brak toksyczno\u015Bci; \n* brak wp\u0142ywu na uk\u0142ad odporno\u015Bciowy organizmu; \n* niewywo\u0142ywanie hemolizy."@pl . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0642\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064A\u0641 \u0641\u064A \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062F\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0622\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0636. \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00AB\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A\u00BB. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062E\u0631\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062C\u0633\u062F\u064A \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0642\u064A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u0624\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632."@ar . "Biokompatibilit\u00E4t"@de . "12687"^^ . . "\uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131"@ko . "Als biokompatibel (von griechisch bios \u201ELeben\u201C, und \u201Ekompatibel\u201C im Sinne von \u201Evertr\u00E4glich\u201C) bezeichnet man Werkstoffe oder Baugruppen, die keinen negativen Einfluss auf Lebewesen in ihrer Umgebung haben. Zur Pr\u00FCfung der Biokompatibilit\u00E4t werden verschiedene biologische Substanzen und Implantate in Laborversuchen auf ihre Vertr\u00E4glichkeit im menschlichen wie auch im tierischen K\u00F6rper \u00FCberpr\u00FCft. Diese langwierigen Testreihen sind Bestandteil der weltweit strengen Zulassungen f\u00FCr Implantate und Medikamente."@de . . "\u0411\u0438\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. biocompatibility) \u2014 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430, \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430."@ru . "Biokompatibilitet \u00E4r ett begrepp inom bland annat materialteknik och bioteknik som inneb\u00E4r f\u00F6rm\u00E5gan att utf\u00F6ra en specifik uppgift i en kropp med ett \u00E4ndam\u00E5lsenligt svar fr\u00E5n kroppen. Ett exempel \u00E4r ett h\u00F6ftbensimplantat som opereras in och f\u00E4sts i h\u00F6ftbenet. Om det inte \u00E4r biokompatibelt f\u00F6rs\u00F6ker kroppen st\u00F6ta bort det och svarar med en inflammation. Ett bortst\u00F6tt implantat kallas explantat."@sv . "Biocompatibilidad es un t\u00E9rmino derivado del prefijo bio- (del griego \u03B2\u03B9\u03BF\u03C3, \u201Cvida, ser vivo\u201D) y de la palabra compatibilidad (\u201Ccapacidad de estar con\u201D). Es la capacidad de un material para actuar con una respuesta adecuada del medio biol\u00F3gico en el cual son utilizados (un ser humano u otro ser vivo). Los materiales biocompatibles son llamados biomateriales. El t\u00E9rmino biocompatibilidad se aplica principalmente a los materiales m\u00E9dicos en contacto directo, breve o prolongado, con los tejidos y fluidos internos del cuerpo como las sondas, las jeringuillas, las pr\u00F3tesis, etc."@es . . . . "La Biocompatibilitat est\u00E0 relacionada amb el comportament dels biomaterials en diversos contexts. Aquest terme es refereix a la capacitat d'un material per actuar amb una adequada resposta hoste en una situaci\u00F3 espec\u00EDfica. L'ambiguitat d'aquest terme reflecteix el desenvolupament en curs de com interactuen els biomaterials amb el cos hum\u00E0 i finalment com aquestes interaccions determinen l'\u00E8xit cl\u00EDnic d'un dispositiu m\u00E8dic (com un xumet, la substituci\u00F3 de part de la cadera o un suport tubular temporal). Els dispositius m\u00E8dics moderns i les pr\u00F2tesis sovint estan fets de m\u00E9s d'un material i, per tant, no sempre n'hi ha prou amb parlar sobre la biocompatibilitat d'un material espec\u00EDfic."@ca . . "Biozgodno\u015B\u0107 \u2013 cecha substancji lub materia\u0142u warunkuj\u0105ca jego prawid\u0142owe dzia\u0142anie w \u017Cywym organizmie. Materia\u0142 o du\u017Cej biozgodno\u015Bci powinien charakteryzowa\u0107 si\u0119 nast\u0119puj\u0105cymi cechami: \n* brak toksyczno\u015Bci; \n* brak wp\u0142ywu na uk\u0142ad odporno\u015Bciowy organizmu; \n* niewywo\u0142ywanie hemolizy."@pl . . . . . "Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of biomaterials in various contexts. The term refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation. The ambiguity of the term reflects the ongoing development of insights into how biomaterials interact with the human body and eventually how those interactions determine the clinical success of a medical device (such as pacemaker, hip replacement or stent). Modern medical devices and prostheses are often made of more than one material so it might not always be sufficient to talk about the biocompatibility of a specific material. Since the immune response and repair functions in the body are so complicated it is not adequate to describe the biocompatibility of a single material in relation to a single cell type or tissue. Sometimes one hears of biocompatibility testing that is a large battery of in vitro test that is used in accordance with ISO 10993 (or other similar standards) to determine if a certain material (or rather biomedical product) is biocompatible. These tests do not determine the biocompatibility of a material, but they constitute an important step towards the animal testing and finally clinical trials that will determine the biocompatibility of the material in a given application, and thus medical devices such as implants or drug delivery devices. Research results have concluded that during performing in vitro cytotoxicity testing of biomaterials, \"the authors should carefully specify the conditions of the test and comparison of different studies should be carried out with caution\". IUPAC definition Biocompatibility (biomedical therapy): Ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application. Biocompatibility: Ability to be in contact with a living system without producing an adverse effect."@en . . "\u751F\u4F53\u9069\u5408\u6027"@ja . . "La notion de biocompatibilit\u00E9 s'applique \u00E0 tout ce qui est compatible avec l'\u00E9panouissement du vivant. En science des mat\u00E9riaux, elle d\u00E9signe la capacit\u00E9 des mat\u00E9riaux \u00E0 ne pas interf\u00E9rer, ne pas d\u00E9grader, le milieu biologique dans lequel ils sont utilis\u00E9s (les animaux le plus souvent). Les mat\u00E9riaux biocompatibles sont appel\u00E9s \u00AB biomat\u00E9riaux \u00BB. Le terme biocompatibilit\u00E9 a trait principalement aux mat\u00E9riels m\u00E9dicaux en contact direct, bref ou prolong\u00E9, avec les tissus et fluides internes du corps, comme les sondes, les seringues, les proth\u00E8ses."@fr . . "\u0411\u0456\u043E\u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Biocompatibility) - \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430, \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044C, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0443 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443. \u0410\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0454 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0443 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F. \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0456\u043B\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0456\u043C\u0443\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0412\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0443 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u044F\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u044E\u043A\u0456\u0432."@uk . . . "La notion de biocompatibilit\u00E9 s'applique \u00E0 tout ce qui est compatible avec l'\u00E9panouissement du vivant. En science des mat\u00E9riaux, elle d\u00E9signe la capacit\u00E9 des mat\u00E9riaux \u00E0 ne pas interf\u00E9rer, ne pas d\u00E9grader, le milieu biologique dans lequel ils sont utilis\u00E9s (les animaux le plus souvent). Les mat\u00E9riaux biocompatibles sont appel\u00E9s \u00AB biomat\u00E9riaux \u00BB. Le terme biocompatibilit\u00E9 a trait principalement aux mat\u00E9riels m\u00E9dicaux en contact direct, bref ou prolong\u00E9, avec les tissus et fluides internes du corps, comme les sondes, les seringues, les proth\u00E8ses. Le titane par exemple est un des mat\u00E9riaux les plus biocompatibles, utilis\u00E9 notamment pour des proth\u00E8ses et implants osseux. En architecture, une construction biocompatible est un b\u00E2timent qui respecte le vivant au sens large : la sant\u00E9 et le bien-\u00EAtre des utilisateurs ainsi que l\u2019environnement. \u00C0 ce titre, la conception biocompatible prend en consid\u00E9ration de nombreux aspects tels que : mat\u00E9riaux et structure, installation \u00E9lectrique et plomberie, empreinte \u00E9cologique et sanitaire, \u00E9conomies d\u2019\u00E9nergie, implantation, orientation, agencement, r\u00E9seaux et courants telluriques, radioactivit\u00E9 et autres nuisances."@fr . "La Biocompatibilitat est\u00E0 relacionada amb el comportament dels biomaterials en diversos contexts. Aquest terme es refereix a la capacitat d'un material per actuar amb una adequada resposta hoste en una situaci\u00F3 espec\u00EDfica. L'ambiguitat d'aquest terme reflecteix el desenvolupament en curs de com interactuen els biomaterials amb el cos hum\u00E0 i finalment com aquestes interaccions determinen l'\u00E8xit cl\u00EDnic d'un dispositiu m\u00E8dic (com un xumet, la substituci\u00F3 de part de la cadera o un suport tubular temporal). Els dispositius m\u00E8dics moderns i les pr\u00F2tesis sovint estan fets de m\u00E9s d'un material i, per tant, no sempre n'hi ha prou amb parlar sobre la biocompatibilitat d'un material espec\u00EDfic. De vegades se sent parlar de la biocompatibilitat en proves en bateria o in vitro La paraula biocompatibilitat sembla que es va mencionar per primera vegada en revistes cient\u00EDfiques (peer-review) el 1970 per RJ Hegyeli (Amer Chem Soc Annual Meeting abstract) and CA Homsy et al. (J Macromol Sci Chem A4:3,615, 1970). Es van necessitar gaireb\u00E9 dues d\u00E8cades fins que va ser usat de manera comuna en la bibliografia cient\u00EDfica (vegeu aquesta evoluci\u00F3 en el gr\u00E0fic de la dreta)."@ca . . . "Biocompatibilidad"@es . . "Biokompatibilitet \u00E4r ett begrepp inom bland annat materialteknik och bioteknik som inneb\u00E4r f\u00F6rm\u00E5gan att utf\u00F6ra en specifik uppgift i en kropp med ett \u00E4ndam\u00E5lsenligt svar fr\u00E5n kroppen. Ett exempel \u00E4r ett h\u00F6ftbensimplantat som opereras in och f\u00E4sts i h\u00F6ftbenet. Om det inte \u00E4r biokompatibelt f\u00F6rs\u00F6ker kroppen st\u00F6ta bort det och svarar med en inflammation. Ett bortst\u00F6tt implantat kallas explantat."@sv . . "Biocompatibilitat"@ca . "\u0411\u0456\u043E\u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Biocompatibility) - \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430, \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0443\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044C, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0443 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0433\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443. \u0410\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0454 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0443 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F. \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438 \u0456 \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0456\u043B\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0456\u043C\u0443\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0412\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0454 \u0443 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u044F\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u044E\u043A\u0456\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u043A\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0434\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043C\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0430: \n* \u043F\u043E \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0456 \u043A\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456, \n* \u043F\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441-\u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443."@uk . "Als biokompatibel (von griechisch bios \u201ELeben\u201C, und \u201Ekompatibel\u201C im Sinne von \u201Evertr\u00E4glich\u201C) bezeichnet man Werkstoffe oder Baugruppen, die keinen negativen Einfluss auf Lebewesen in ihrer Umgebung haben. Besonders relevant ist die Biokompatibilit\u00E4t von Implantaten, da diese sich f\u00FCr einen langen Zeitraum in direktem Kontakt zu einem Lebewesen befinden. Die Zertifizierung der Biokompatibilit\u00E4t von medizinischen Werkstoffen und Produkten erfolgt nach ISO 10993 1-20.Um eine hohe Biokompatibilit\u00E4t zu erreichen, k\u00F6nnen die Implantate aus einem nicht-biokompatiblen Werkstoff mit einer biokompatiblen Schicht, beispielsweise aus Proteinen, \u00FCberzogen werden. Dies nennt sich dann Oberfl\u00E4chenkompatibilit\u00E4t.Ist das Implantat in Form und innerer Struktur (zum Beispiel Faserst\u00E4rke) an das Empf\u00E4ngergewebe angepasst, so spricht man von struktureller Biokompatibilit\u00E4t. Zur Pr\u00FCfung der Biokompatibilit\u00E4t werden verschiedene biologische Substanzen und Implantate in Laborversuchen auf ihre Vertr\u00E4glichkeit im menschlichen wie auch im tierischen K\u00F6rper \u00FCberpr\u00FCft. Diese langwierigen Testreihen sind Bestandteil der weltweit strengen Zulassungen f\u00FCr Implantate und Medikamente."@de . . . . . "\uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131(biocompatibility)\uC740 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC0C1\uD669\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC7AC\uB8CC(biomaterials)\uC758 \uBC18\uC751\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB294 \uD2B9\uC815\uD55C \uC0C1\uD669\uC5D0\uC11C \uC219\uC8FC(host)\uAC00 \uC801\uC808\uD55C \uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uBCF4\uC77C \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uD558\uB294 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC758 \uB2A5\uB825\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC758 \uC560\uB9E4\uBAA8\uD638\uD568\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC778\uCCB4 \uB0B4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0C1\uD638 \uC791\uC6A9\uC744 \uD558\uACE0, \uACB0\uAD6D \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uC0C1\uD638 \uC791\uC6A9\uC774 (medical device)((pacemaker), (hip replacement), \uC2A4\uD150\uD2B8(stent) \uB4F1)\uC758 \uC784\uC0C1\uD559\uC801 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC774\uD574\uC758 \uC815\uB3C4\uB97C\uC54C \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD604\uB300\uC758 \uC758\uB8CC \uAE30\uAE30\uC640 \uC778\uACF5 \uC0BD\uC785\uBB3C(prosthesis)\uB4E4\uC740 \uBCF4\uD1B5 \uD558\uB098 \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uB85C \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uC9C0\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uD2B9\uC815 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC744 \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uAE30\uAC00 \uC5B4\uB835\uB2E4. \uC778\uCCB4\uC758 \uBA74\uC5ED \uBC18\uC751(immune response)\uACFC \uD68C\uBCF5 \uAE30\uB2A5\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBCF5\uC7A1\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uB2E8\uC77C \uC138\uD3EC\uB098 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uB2E8\uC77C \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC758 \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574 \uB9D0\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC801\uC808\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uB2E4. \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131 \uD14C\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB294 \uAC70\uC758 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84\uC774 \uCCB4\uC678(in vitro) \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB4E4\uC5C8\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uD2B9\uC815 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC0DD\uCCB4\uC5D0 \uC801\uD569\uD55C\uC9C0 \uD310\uB2E8\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD574\uC11C ISO 10993(\uD639\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uAE30\uC900\uB4E4)\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uC4F0\uC774\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC2E4\uD5D8\uC740 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC744 \uACB0\uC815\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uB2E8\uACC4\uB4E4\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC9C0\uB294\uB370, \uADF8\uAC83\uC740 \uB3D9\uBB3C \uC2E4\uD5D8(animal testing)\uACFC \uC8FC\uC5B4\uC9C4 \uC801\uC6A9(\uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uBA74 (implants)\uB098 (drug delivery device) \uB4F1\uC758 \uC758\uB8CC \uAE30\uAE30)\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC7AC\uB8CC\uC758 \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC744 \uACB0\uC815\uD560 \uC784\uC0C1\uD559\uC801 \uC2E4\uD5D8\uB4E4\uC774\uB2E4. \uC0DD\uCCB4 \uC801\uD569\uC131\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uB2E8\uC5B4\uB294 1970\uB144\uC5D0 RJ Hegyeli \uC640 CA Homsy et al\uC758 \uD68C\uC758\uC640 \uD559\uC220\uC9C0 \uB17C\uBB38 \uC2EC\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C \uCC98\uC74C\uC73C\uB85C \uC5B8\uAE09\uB418\uC5C8\uB358 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uACFC\uD559 \uBB38\uD5CC\uC5D0\uC11C \uD754\uD788 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uAE30 \uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC70\uC758 20\uB144\uC774 \uAC78\uB838\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0 \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4\uC740 \uC784\uC0C1\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC801\uD569\uD55C\uC9C0\uB97C \uACB0\uC815 \uC9D3\uB294 \uC694\uC18C\uAC00 \uC5B4\uB5A4 \uAC83\uC778\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD558\uC5EC \uD604\uC7AC \uC54C\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC9C0\uC2DD\uC5D0\uC11C \uC7AC\uD3C9\uAC00\uD558\uB294 \uB178\uB825\uC744 \uACC4\uC18D \uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB807\uAC8C \uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC778\uACF5 \uC0BD\uC785\uBB3C\uC774 \uD56D\uC0C1 \uBD84\uBA85\uD788 \uC0DD\uB9AC \uD65C\uC131 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC774\uC5B4\uC57C\uB9CC \uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774 \uC544\uB2C8\uB77C, \uC5B4\uB5A0\uD55C \uD574\uB85C\uC6C0\uB3C4 \uC5C6\uC5B4\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4\uB77C\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uB9D0\uD574\uC900\uB2E4."@ko . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0642\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062F\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064A\u0641 \u0641\u064A \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062D\u062F\u062F\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0622\u062B\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062C\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A 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