. . . . . . . . . . . . "Rela\u00E7\u00F5es entre Brasil e Estados Unidos no governo Jo\u00E3o Goulart"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--03-27"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "--03-29"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Brazil\u2013United States relations during the Jo\u00E3o Goulart government"@en . "As rela\u00E7\u00F5es entre Brasil e Estados Unidos no governo Jo\u00E3o Goulart (1961\u20131964) gradativamente deterioraram, culminando no apoio americano \u00E0 destitui\u00E7\u00E3o do presidente brasileiro no golpe de Estado no Brasil em 1964. Embora a din\u00E2mica da crise tenha sido principalmente brasileira, a\u00E7\u00F5es americanas progressivamente aumentaram as chances de ocorr\u00EAncia e sucesso de uma rebeli\u00E3o contra o governo. Historiadores divergem sobre a inevitabilidade de um choque entre as administra\u00E7\u00F5es de Goulart e John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson, a import\u00E2ncia relativa dos pontos de atrito e o momento em que o governo americano decidiu apoiar a deposi\u00E7\u00E3o do brasileiro \u2014 mais cedo, como em 1962, ou mais tarde, somente em 1963."@pt . . . . "--03-08"^^ . "1110673680"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--03-30"^^ . . . . . . . . "--12-11"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "As rela\u00E7\u00F5es entre Brasil e Estados Unidos no governo Jo\u00E3o Goulart (1961\u20131964) gradativamente deterioraram, culminando no apoio americano \u00E0 destitui\u00E7\u00E3o do presidente brasileiro no golpe de Estado no Brasil em 1964. Embora a din\u00E2mica da crise tenha sido principalmente brasileira, a\u00E7\u00F5es americanas progressivamente aumentaram as chances de ocorr\u00EAncia e sucesso de uma rebeli\u00E3o contra o governo. Historiadores divergem sobre a inevitabilidade de um choque entre as administra\u00E7\u00F5es de Goulart e John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson, a import\u00E2ncia relativa dos pontos de atrito e o momento em que o governo americano decidiu apoiar a deposi\u00E7\u00E3o do brasileiro \u2014 mais cedo, como em 1962, ou mais tarde, somente em 1963. Jango, como era conhecido o presidente brasileiro, tomou posse j\u00E1 tendo desconfian\u00E7a dos americanos em virtude de suas liga\u00E7\u00F5es com a esquerda radical nos sindicatos, embora n\u00E3o fosse considerado comunista. Ainda assim, o ano de 1962 n\u00E3o come\u00E7ou negativo, e Goulart conseguiu uma boa rela\u00E7\u00E3o com o presidente Kennedy. Os pontos de atrito foram v\u00E1rios. No plano internacional o governo brasileiro deu continuidade \u00E0 Pol\u00EDtica Externa Independente, expandindo seus v\u00EDnculos para fora do bloco ocidental e discordando em parte das propostas americanas contra Cuba. Internamente, n\u00E3o dava tanta aten\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 estabiliza\u00E7\u00E3o econ\u00F4mica e limitou a remessa de lucros das empresas americanas no Brasil. Em 1963 fez concess\u00F5es e uma tentativa de estabiliza\u00E7\u00E3o, o Plano Trienal, mas n\u00E3o encontrou o apoio americano necess\u00E1rio para seu sucesso e endureceu sua posi\u00E7\u00E3o com os EUA. Em Washington tamb\u00E9m havia preocupa\u00E7\u00E3o com for\u00E7as de esquerda como o governador Leonel Brizola, que encampou subsidi\u00E1rias de empresas americanas, e as Ligas Camponesas. Os EUA usaram diversos instrumentos para alterar o curso do governo brasileiro e, posteriormente, para enfraquec\u00EA-lo. A visita de Kennedy ao Brasil foi sucessivamente adiada, enquanto candidatos oposicionistas receberam milh\u00F5es de d\u00F3lares nas elei\u00E7\u00F5es de 1962 e a assist\u00EAncia econ\u00F4mica foi redirecionada aos governos estaduais oposicionistas, as \u201Cilhas de sanidade administrativa\u201D. A Embaixada dos EUA no Brasil, sob Lincoln Gordon, envolveu-se nos assuntos internos brasileiros. A importante libera\u00E7\u00E3o de cr\u00E9dito foi dificultada, diferente da atitude tomada para o governo anterior de J\u00E2nio Quadros. Por fim, o governo americano procurou aliados entre os militares brasileiros que j\u00E1 conspiravam para um golpe de Estado e ofereceu apoio \u00E0s suas opera\u00E7\u00F5es militares na forma da opera\u00E7\u00E3o Brother Sam. Ela nunca chegou ao Brasil devido \u00E0 r\u00E1pida deposi\u00E7\u00E3o de Goulart iniciada em 31 de mar\u00E7o de 1964, mas a retirada do presidente foi em parte devido ao conhecimento de que o Departamento de Estado americano reconheceria um governo paralelo organizado pelos insurretos. A ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985) foi rapidamente reconhecida, e os EUA agiram diplomaticamente para facilitar seu reconhecimento por outros pa\u00EDses. A press\u00E3o sobre o governo de Goulart ocorreu quando a pol\u00EDtica externa americana estava definida pela Guerra Fria, Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Cubana de 1959 e press\u00F5es dentro do pa\u00EDs para uma pol\u00EDtica externa dura, Washington buscava reafirmar sua hegemonia. Na Am\u00E9rica Latina, tentava influenciar governos de esquerda atrav\u00E9s da assist\u00EAncia econ\u00F4mica da Alian\u00E7a para o Progresso ou favorecer suas destitui\u00E7\u00F5es pelas oposi\u00E7\u00F5es locais, tolerando assim diversos golpes de Estado militares."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "69325974"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Brazil\u2013United States relations during the Jo\u00E3o Goulart government (1961\u20131964) gradually deteriorated, culminating in American support for the ousting of the Brazilian president in the 1964 coup d'\u00E9tat in Brazil. Although the dynamics of the crisis were primarily Brazilian, American actions progressively increased the chances of the occurrence and success of a rebellion against the government. Historians differ on the inevitability of a clash between the Goulart and John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson administrations, the relative importance of the sticking points, and the timing of when the U.S. government decided to support the Brazilian's deposition-earlier, as in 1962, or later, only in 1963. Jango, as the Brazilian president was known, took office already distrustful of the Americans because of his connections with the radical left in the unions, although he was not considered a communist. Even so, the year 1962 did not start out negative, and Goulart managed to have a good relationship with President Kennedy. There were several points of friction. Internationally, the Brazilian government continued its , expanding its ties outside the Western bloc and disagreeing in part with the American proposals against Cuba. Domestically, it paid less attention to economic stabilization and limited the remittance of profits from American companies in Brazil. In 1963 he made concessions and an attempt at stabilization, the Triennial Plan, but did not find the necessary American support for its success and hardened his position with the US. In Washington there was also concern about leftist forces such as Governor Leonel Brizola, who took over subsidiaries of American companies, and the Peasant Leagues. The US used several instruments to alter the course of the Brazilian government and subsequently to weaken it. Kennedy's visit to Brazil was successively postponed, while opposition candidates received millions of dollars in the 1962 elections and economic assistance was redirected to opposition state governments, the \"islands of administrative sanity\". The US Embassy in Brazil, under Lincoln Gordon, became involved in Brazil's internal affairs. The important release of credit was hindered, different from the attitude taken for the previous government of J\u00E2nio Quadros. Finally, the US government sought allies among the Brazilian military who were already plotting a coup d'\u00E9tat and offered support for their in the form of Operation Brother Sam. It never reached Brazil due to the rapid deposition of Goulart beginning on March 31, 1964, but the withdrawal of the president was in part due to the knowledge that the U.S. State Department would recognize a parallel government organized by the insurgents. The Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985) was quickly recognized, and the U.S. acted diplomatically to facilitate its recognition by other countries. The pressure on Goulart's government occurred when American foreign policy was defined by the Cold War, the Cuban Revolution of 1959, and pressure within the country for a tough foreign policy, Washington sought to reassert its hegemony. In Latin America, it tried to influence leftist governments through economic assistance from the Alliance for Progress or to favor their overthrow by local oppositions, thus tolerating several military coups."@en . . . . . "Brazil\u2013United States relations during the Jo\u00E3o Goulart government (1961\u20131964) gradually deteriorated, culminating in American support for the ousting of the Brazilian president in the 1964 coup d'\u00E9tat in Brazil. Although the dynamics of the crisis were primarily Brazilian, American actions progressively increased the chances of the occurrence and success of a rebellion against the government. Historians differ on the inevitability of a clash between the Goulart and John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson administrations, the relative importance of the sticking points, and the timing of when the U.S. government decided to support the Brazilian's deposition-earlier, as in 1962, or later, only in 1963."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--04-01"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--03-28"^^ . . . . . . . . . "85151"^^ . . . . "--07-30"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--04-02"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . .