. . . "\u041A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0445\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0440\u044B) (\u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434. karoliner) \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043C \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 XI \u0438 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 XII \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0441 1680 \u043F\u043E 1721 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Magnus Stenbock on the Battle of Gadebusch"@en . "\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\uFF08\u745E\u5178\u8A9E\uFF1AKaroliner\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u7684\u745E\u5178\u570B\u738B\u5361\u723E\u5341\u4E00\u4E16\u548C\u5361\u723E\u5341\u4E8C\u4E16\u6240\u8F44\u7684\u8ECD\u968A\u300217\u4E16\u7D00\u672B18\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\uFF0C\u70BA\u4E86\u5F4C\u88DC\u4EBA\u529B\u548C\u8CC7\u6E90\u7684\u4E0D\u8DB3\uFF0C\u745E\u5178\u529B\u6C42\u4EE5\u5275\u65B0\u7684\u65B9\u5F0F\u6253\u9020\u4E00\u652F\u66F4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ECD\u968A\u3002\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u7684\u6230\u8853\u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u897F\u6B50\u8ECD\u968A\u7684\u6230\u8853\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u4ED6\u5011\u66F4\u591A\u5730\u4F9D\u8CF4\u9577\u77DB\u3001\u7D30\u528D\u3001\u523A\u5200\u548C\u9032\u653B\u7B56\u7565\uFF0C\u9019\u5E6B\u52A9\u4E86\u4ED6\u5011\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\u53D6\u5F97\u52DD\u5229\uFF0C\u5373\u4F7F\u5728\u6575\u4EBA\u4EBA\u6578\u9060\u9060\u8D85\u904E\u4ED6\u5011\u7684\u60C5\u6CC1\u4E0B\u3002\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u4ED6\u5011\u90A3\u500B\u6642\u4EE3\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u8ECD\u4E8B\u529B\u91CF\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002 \u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u7684\u898F\u6A21\u76F8\u5C0D\u8F03\u5C0F\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u6158\u91CD\u7684\u640D\u5931\u662F\u7121\u6CD5\u5F4C\u88DC\u7684\uFF0C\u9019\u8FEB\u4F7F\u6307\u63EE\u5B98\u5011\u660E\u667A\u5730\u9032\u884C\u6230\u9B25\uFF0C\u8B39\u614E\u5730\u5236\u5B9A\u6230\u7565\uFF0C\u4EE5\u4FDD\u6301\u8F03\u4F4E\u7684\u50B7\u4EA1\u7387\u3002\u5118\u7BA1\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5F88\u9AD8\uFF0C\u4F46\u5176\u898F\u6A21\u5C0F\u4F7F\u745E\u5178\u7121\u6CD5\u7DAD\u6301\u5176\u9738\u6B0A\uFF0C\u745E\u5178\u5E1D\u570B\u5728\u5927\u5317\u65B9\u6230\u722D\u4E2D\u6230\u6557\u5F8C\u7684\u8870\u843D\u5C31\u662F\u660E\u8B49\u3002\u5728\u9577\u9014\u8DCB\u6D89\u5230\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u5167\u9678\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u66B4\u9732\u65BC\u7126\u571F\u6230\u8853\u548C\u983B\u7E41\u7684\u5C0F\u898F\u6A21\u8972\u64CA\u4E4B\u4E2D\u3002\u9019\u5C0E\u81F4\u4E86\u4ED6\u5011\u7684\u75B2\u618A\u3001\u98E2\u9913\u548C\u975E\u6230\u9B25\u6027\u6E1B\u54E1\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u5728\u6CE2\u723E\u5854\u74E6\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\u88AB\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u4EBA\u6C7A\u5B9A\u6027\u5730\u64CA\u6557\u4E86\u3002\u5728\u90A3\u5834\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4F30\u8A08\u670935,000\u540D\u745E\u5178\u58EB\u5175\u5728\u6230\u9B25\u4E2D\u55AA\u751F\uFF0C\u9019\u4F54\u5230\u4E86\u6574\u500B\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u768470%\uFF0825,000\u4EBA\u5728\u6230\u9B25\u4E2D\u55AA\u751F\uFF0C\u53E6\u670910,000\u4EBA\u6B7B\u65BC\u98E2\u9913\u3001\u75BE\u75C5\u548C\u7CBE\u75B2\u529B\u7AED\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Les Carol\u00E9ens (en su\u00E9dois : karoliner, de Carolus, la forme latine du nom Charles) sont les soldats de l'arm\u00E9e su\u00E9doise sous les r\u00E8gnes des rois de Su\u00E8de Charles XI et Charles XII, et plus pr\u00E9cis\u00E9ment \u00E0 partir de 1680, lorsque Charles XI institue une monarchie absolue et se lance dans une s\u00E9rie de r\u00E9formes militaires radicales, jusqu'\u00E0 la mort de Charles XII en 1718. Les Carol\u00E9ens sont particuli\u00E8rement associ\u00E9s \u00E0 Charles XII et \u00E0 ses campagnes de la Grande guerre du Nord (1700-1721), au cours desquelles ils remportent une s\u00E9rie de victoires impressionnantes, souvent contre des forces ennemies plus importantes, et s'\u00E9tablissent comme une arm\u00E9e redout\u00E9e en Europe. Cependant, la principale arm\u00E9e de campagne su\u00E9doise est presque enti\u00E8rement an\u00E9antie apr\u00E8s la d\u00E9faite \u00E0 la bataille de Poltava et la guerre s'est finalement termin\u00E9e par une d\u00E9faite totale et le d\u00E9membrement de l'Empire su\u00E9dois."@fr . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0445\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0438) (\u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434. karoliner) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043C \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 XI \u0456 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 \u0425\u0406\u0406 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0437 1660 \u043F\u043E 1721 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438."@uk . . "Carol\u00E9ens"@fr . . . . . . "Caroleans (Swedish: karoliner), from Carolus, the Latin form of the name Charles, is a term used to describe soldiers of the Swedish army during the reigns of Kings Charles XI and Charles XII of Sweden, and specifically from 1680, when Charles XI instituted an absolute monarchy and embarked on a series of sweeping military reforms, to the death of Charles XII in 1718."@en . . "Los carolinos (en sueco, karoliner) fueron un tipo de soldados empleados por los ej\u00E9rcitos de los reyes suecos Carlos XI y Carlos XII durante el siglo XVII. Fueron ampliamente empleados durante las campa\u00F1as suecas en Europa Central y Oriental y en su momento fueron consideradas una de las fuerzas m\u00E1s efectivas del continente. Se caracterizaron por el uso combinado de armas de fuego, picas y espadas en una t\u00E1ctica ofensiva (llamada G\u00E5\u2013P\u00E5) y el uso de la religi\u00F3n como elemento de cohesi\u00F3n para imprimirles un esprit de corps."@es . "\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\uFF08\u745E\u5178\u8A9E\uFF1AKaroliner\uFF09\u662F\u6307\u7684\u745E\u5178\u570B\u738B\u5361\u723E\u5341\u4E00\u4E16\u548C\u5361\u723E\u5341\u4E8C\u4E16\u6240\u8F44\u7684\u8ECD\u968A\u300217\u4E16\u7D00\u672B18\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\uFF0C\u70BA\u4E86\u5F4C\u88DC\u4EBA\u529B\u548C\u8CC7\u6E90\u7684\u4E0D\u8DB3\uFF0C\u745E\u5178\u529B\u6C42\u4EE5\u5275\u65B0\u7684\u65B9\u5F0F\u6253\u9020\u4E00\u652F\u66F4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ECD\u968A\u3002\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u7684\u6230\u8853\u8207\u5176\u4ED6\u897F\u6B50\u8ECD\u968A\u7684\u6230\u8853\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u4ED6\u5011\u66F4\u591A\u5730\u4F9D\u8CF4\u9577\u77DB\u3001\u7D30\u528D\u3001\u523A\u5200\u548C\u9032\u653B\u7B56\u7565\uFF0C\u9019\u5E6B\u52A9\u4E86\u4ED6\u5011\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\u53D6\u5F97\u52DD\u5229\uFF0C\u5373\u4F7F\u5728\u6575\u4EBA\u4EBA\u6578\u9060\u9060\u8D85\u904E\u4ED6\u5011\u7684\u60C5\u6CC1\u4E0B\u3002\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u4ED6\u5011\u90A3\u500B\u6642\u4EE3\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u8ECD\u4E8B\u529B\u91CF\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002 \u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u7684\u898F\u6A21\u76F8\u5C0D\u8F03\u5C0F\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\u6158\u91CD\u7684\u640D\u5931\u662F\u7121\u6CD5\u5F4C\u88DC\u7684\uFF0C\u9019\u8FEB\u4F7F\u6307\u63EE\u5B98\u5011\u660E\u667A\u5730\u9032\u884C\u6230\u9B25\uFF0C\u8B39\u614E\u5730\u5236\u5B9A\u6230\u7565\uFF0C\u4EE5\u4FDD\u6301\u8F03\u4F4E\u7684\u50B7\u4EA1\u7387\u3002\u5118\u7BA1\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5F88\u9AD8\uFF0C\u4F46\u5176\u898F\u6A21\u5C0F\u4F7F\u745E\u5178\u7121\u6CD5\u7DAD\u6301\u5176\u9738\u6B0A\uFF0C\u745E\u5178\u5E1D\u570B\u5728\u5927\u5317\u65B9\u6230\u722D\u4E2D\u6230\u6557\u5F8C\u7684\u8870\u843D\u5C31\u662F\u660E\u8B49\u3002\u5728\u9577\u9014\u8DCB\u6D89\u5230\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u5167\u9678\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u66B4\u9732\u65BC\u7126\u571F\u6230\u8853\u548C\u983B\u7E41\u7684\u5C0F\u898F\u6A21\u8972\u64CA\u4E4B\u4E2D\u3002\u9019\u5C0E\u81F4\u4E86\u4ED6\u5011\u7684\u75B2\u618A\u3001\u98E2\u9913\u548C\u975E\u6230\u9B25\u6027\u6E1B\u54E1\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u5728\u6CE2\u723E\u5854\u74E6\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\u88AB\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u4EBA\u6C7A\u5B9A\u6027\u5730\u64CA\u6557\u4E86\u3002\u5728\u90A3\u5834\u6230\u5F79\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4F30\u8A08\u670935,000\u540D\u745E\u5178\u58EB\u5175\u5728\u6230\u9B25\u4E2D\u55AA\u751F\uFF0C\u9019\u4F54\u5230\u4E86\u6574\u500B\u5361\u723E\u8ECD\u768470%\uFF0825,000\u4EBA\u5728\u6230\u9B25\u4E2D\u55AA\u751F\uFF0C\u53E6\u670910,000\u4EBA\u6B7B\u65BC\u98E2\u9913\u3001\u75BE\u75C5\u548C\u7CBE\u75B2\u529B\u7AED\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "Les Carol\u00E9ens (en su\u00E9dois : karoliner, de Carolus, la forme latine du nom Charles) sont les soldats de l'arm\u00E9e su\u00E9doise sous les r\u00E8gnes des rois de Su\u00E8de Charles XI et Charles XII, et plus pr\u00E9cis\u00E9ment \u00E0 partir de 1680, lorsque Charles XI institue une monarchie absolue et se lance dans une s\u00E9rie de r\u00E9formes militaires radicales, jusqu'\u00E0 la mort de Charles XII en 1718."@fr . "perfectly controlled discipline, such soldiers and such subjects"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Caroleans (Swedish: karoliner), from Carolus, the Latin form of the name Charles, is a term used to describe soldiers of the Swedish army during the reigns of Kings Charles XI and Charles XII of Sweden, and specifically from 1680, when Charles XI instituted an absolute monarchy and embarked on a series of sweeping military reforms, to the death of Charles XII in 1718. The Caroleans are particularly associated with Charles XII and his campaigns in the Great Northern War (1700\u201321), during which they achieved a series of impressive victories, often against considerably larger enemy forces, and established themselves as one of the most feared and respected armies in Europe. However, the main Swedish field army was almost entirely annihilated after defeat at the Battle of Poltava, and the war eventually ended in utter defeat and the dismemberment of the Swedish Empire. Overall, 350,000 soldiers from Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic provinces died in the service of Charles XII during the Great Northern War, mostly from non-combat causes. Two-thirds of these, or over 230,000, died in the years 1700 to 1709. These losses constituted an unusually large percentage of the pre-war population of 2.5 million. The losses of their enemies (principally Russia, Poland-Lithuania, Denmark-Norway and various northern German states) are known to have been even higher."@en . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0445\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0438) (\u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434. karoliner) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043C \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 XI \u0456 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 \u0425\u0406\u0406 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E \u0437 1660 \u043F\u043E 1721 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438."@uk . . . . "left"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "30564"^^ . . . . . . . . "Carolino"@es . . . . . . "Los carolinos (en sueco, karoliner) fueron un tipo de soldados empleados por los ej\u00E9rcitos de los reyes suecos Carlos XI y Carlos XII durante el siglo XVII. Fueron ampliamente empleados durante las campa\u00F1as suecas en Europa Central y Oriental y en su momento fueron consideradas una de las fuerzas m\u00E1s efectivas del continente. Se caracterizaron por el uso combinado de armas de fuego, picas y espadas en una t\u00E1ctica ofensiva (llamada G\u00E5\u2013P\u00E5) y el uso de la religi\u00F3n como elemento de cohesi\u00F3n para imprimirles un esprit de corps."@es . . . "are not to be found the wide world over except in Sweden"@en . "\u5361\u723E\u8ECD"@zh . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0445\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0440\u044B) (\u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434. karoliner) \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043B \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F\u043C \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 XI \u0438 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0443 XII \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E \u0441 1680 \u043F\u043E 1721 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B."@ru . . "Karoliner, av Carolus, den latiniserade formen av namnet Karl, var soldaterna inom den svenska arm\u00E9n som tj\u00E4nade under kungarna Karl XI och Karl XII under Sveriges tid som stormakt. I regel var de kl\u00E4dda i bl\u00E5 rockar med gult foder, uppvikta nedtill. Den karolinska krigsmakten skapades efter Karl XI:s beslut om att reformera den svenska arm\u00E9n och flottan genom inf\u00F6randet av det yngre indelningsverket under 1682. Vid slutet av 1690-talet kunde det svenska riket m\u00F6nstra en slagkraftig arm\u00E9 vars storlek (drygt 76 000 man) var dubbelt s\u00E5 stor i f\u00F6rh\u00E5llande till folkm\u00E4ngden som n\u00E5got annat europeiskt land. Karolinernas stridstaktik stod i skarp kontrast mot det kontinentala Europas m\u00F6nster, eftersom den var mycket offensiv och som oftast ledde till h\u00E5rda n\u00E4rstrider med blankvapen s\u00E5som pikar, v\u00E4rjor och bajonetter. Genom denna taktik, i kombination med str\u00E4ng disciplin och h\u00F6g moral, kunde Karl XII leda den karolinska arm\u00E9n till flera segrar under stora nordiska krigets inledande skede. Dessa framg\u00E5ngar bidrog till att arm\u00E9n under sin tid betraktades som en av Europas b\u00E4sta. Till f\u00F6ljd av stora milit\u00E4ra nederlag under den senare delen av kriget kunde Sverige inte beh\u00E5lla sin stormaktst\u00E4llning i norra Europa. Efter Karl XII:s d\u00F6d 1718 och fredsslutet 1721 reducerades arm\u00E9n till en fredsstyrka p\u00E5 45 000 man och blev d\u00E4rmed betydligt mindre \u00E4n grannstaternas."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Karoliner"@sv . . "Never have I seen such a combination of uncontrollable dash and"@en . . . . "1120023753"^^ . . . . . . . . "Karoliner, av Carolus, den latiniserade formen av namnet Karl, var soldaterna inom den svenska arm\u00E9n som tj\u00E4nade under kungarna Karl XI och Karl XII under Sveriges tid som stormakt. I regel var de kl\u00E4dda i bl\u00E5 rockar med gult foder, uppvikta nedtill. Till f\u00F6ljd av stora milit\u00E4ra nederlag under den senare delen av kriget kunde Sverige inte beh\u00E5lla sin stormaktst\u00E4llning i norra Europa. Efter Karl XII:s d\u00F6d 1718 och fredsslutet 1721 reducerades arm\u00E9n till en fredsstyrka p\u00E5 45 000 man och blev d\u00E4rmed betydligt mindre \u00E4n grannstaternas."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0445\u043E\u0442\u0430"@uk . . . . . . . "1721475"^^ . . . . . . "Caroleans"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0445\u043E\u0442\u0430"@ru .