. "\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "copper money"@en . . . "Uang koin adalah sejenis uang logam dari Tiongkok dan Asia Timur yang digunakan dari abad ke-4 SM hingga abad ke-20, berbentuk bulat dengan lubang persegi di bagian tengahnya (\u65B9\u7A7F, f\u0101ng chu\u0101n). Awalnya digunakan selama periode negara-negara berperang, koin-koin ini terus digunakan di seluruh Kekaisaran Tiongkok termasuk Mongol dan dinasti Qing. Uang koin Tiongkok terakhir dicetak pada tahun pertama Republik Tiongkok. Umumnya sebagian besar uang koin dibuat dari paduan tembaga atau perunggu, sedangkann koin yang terbuat dari besi, timbal, dan seng sangat jarang digunakan sepanjang sejarah Tiongkok. Koin perak dan emas juga langka diproduksi. Sebagian besar produksi uang koin Tiongkok menggunakan teknik , tetapi selama akhir dinasti Qing, mulai diproduksi. Karena uang koin yang diproduksi se"@in . "\u4F1A\u6CFD\u53BF\u7684\u94C5\u950C\u77FF\u6863\u6848\u9986"@en . . . "zh\u016B"@en . . "qi\u00E1n"@en . . "t"@en . . . . . "y\u00F9 sh\u016B qi\u00E1n"@en . . . "\u94DC\u94B1"@en . "\u4E94\u9296"@en . . "b\u00E0nli\u01CEng"@en . . . "\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u300C\u5B54\u65B9\u94B1\u300D\u3001\u300C\u5706\u5F62\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u300D\u3001\u201C\u65B9\u5B54\u5706\u94B1\u201D\uFF0C\u662F\u53E4\u4E2D\u56FD\u94B1\u5E01\u4E2D\u6700\u5E38\u89C1\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u4EE5\u9285\u9444\u9020\uFF0C\u6545\u4FD7\u79F0\u9285\u9322\u3002\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u7531\u571C\u94B1\u6F14\u53D8\u800C\u6765\uFF0C\u81EA\u79E6\u671D\u7EDF\u4E00\u8D27\u5E01\uFF0C\u5168\u56FD\u94F8\u884C\u534A\u4E24\u94B1\u4E4B\u540E\uFF0C\u9664\u738B\u83BD\u6539\u5236\u7684\u77ED\u6682\u65F6\u95F4\uFF0C\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u4E00\u76F4\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u6D41\u901A\u8D27\u5E01\u7684\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u8D27\u5E01\u5F62\u5236\uFF0C\u76F4\u81F3\u6E05\u671D\u672B\u5E74\u8BE5\u5730\u4F4D\u624D\u88AB\u94F6\u5143\u6240\u53D6\u4EE3\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E2D\u56FD\u6700\u665A\u7684\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u662F\u6C11\u56FD\u65F6\u671F\u90E8\u5206\u5730\u533A\u94F8\u884C\u7684\u6C11\u56FD\u901A\u5B9D\uFF08\u53E6\u6709\u8881\u4E16\u51EF\u51C6\u5907\u79F0\u5E1D\u800C\u94F8\u9020\u7684\u201C\u6D2A\u5BAA\u901A\u5B9D\u201D\uFF0C\u4F46\u6CA1\u6709\u6D41\u901A\uFF09\u3002 \u4E2D\u56FD\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u7684\u5F62\u5236\u5F71\u54CD\u4E86\u53E4\u4EE3\u5468\u8FB9\u5730\u533A\u7684\u9020\u5E01\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u3001\u671D\u9BAE\u534A\u5CF6\u3001\u8D8A\u5357\u3001\u7409\u7403\u7B49\u56FD\u5BB6\u548C\u5730\u533A\u5747\u66FE\u94F8\u884C\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u3002"@zh . . "\u92AD\u8CA8"@ja . . "\u0111\u1ED3ng"@en . "no"@en . "\u4E94\u5E1D\u9322"@en . . . "Cash (moneda china)"@es . . . . . . . . . "Cash (Chinese coin)"@en . . "De Chinese k\u00E8p\u00E8ng (ook wel kepeng, pitjis of picis) was een muntsoort die in China en andere oosterse landen circuleerde vanaf de vierde eeuw v. Chr. tot de twintigste eeuw. Tijdens de Periode van de Strijdende Staten werden k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs voor het eerst geslagen. Ze werden in de Qin-dynastie de standaardmunteenheid van China, en werden tot 1912 voor circulatie geslagen. Over het algemeen waren k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs van brons of koper, maar ijzeren en loden, en een klein aantal zilveren en gouden k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs werden in verschillende periodes van de Chinese geschiedenis geslagen. In de moderne tijd worden k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs als \"geluksmunten\" gezien en hebben ze nog steeds hun plek in de traditionele Chinese geneeskunde en Feng shui. De Japanse mon, Koreaanse mun, Riukiuaanse mon en de Vietnamese v\u0103n zijn allemaal op de Chines"@nl . . . . . . . . "\u4F9B\u990A\u9322"@en . . . "\u91CD\u5BF6"@en . . . "\u5F00\u7089\u94B1"@en . . . . . "heavy currency"@en . . . "Cash (Chino tradicional: \u65B9 \u5B54 \u9322; Chino simplificado: \u65B9 \u5B54 \u94B1; Hanyu Pinyin: f\u0101ng k\u01D2ng qi\u00E1n; Significado literal: dinero de agujero cuadrado)\u200B era un tipo de moneda de China y Asia Oriental, utilizada desde el siglo IV a. C. hasta el siglo XX, caracterizada por su forma externa redonda y un agujero central cuadrado (\u65B9\u7A7F, f\u0101ng chu\u0101n). Originalmente lanzadas durante el per\u00EDodo de los Reinos combatientes, estas monedas continuaron siendo utilizadas por la China imperial. Las \u00FAltimas monedas de cash chinas se lanzaron en el primer a\u00F1o de la Rep\u00FAblica de China.\u200B La moneda continu\u00F3 siendo utilizada extraoficialmente en China hasta mediados del siglo XX. Las \u00FAltimas monedas de cash chinas en Indonesia circularon en Bali hasta 1970 y todav\u00EDa se usan para la mayor\u00EDa de los rituales hind\u00FAes en la actuali"@es . . . . . "t\u00F3ng qi\u00E1n"@en . "\u4E00\u8CAB\u9322"@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u300C\u5B54\u65B9\u94B1\u300D\u3001\u300C\u5706\u5F62\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u300D\u3001\u201C\u65B9\u5B54\u5706\u94B1\u201D\uFF0C\u662F\u53E4\u4E2D\u56FD\u94B1\u5E01\u4E2D\u6700\u5E38\u89C1\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u4EE5\u9285\u9444\u9020\uFF0C\u6545\u4FD7\u79F0\u9285\u9322\u3002\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u7531\u571C\u94B1\u6F14\u53D8\u800C\u6765\uFF0C\u81EA\u79E6\u671D\u7EDF\u4E00\u8D27\u5E01\uFF0C\u5168\u56FD\u94F8\u884C\u534A\u4E24\u94B1\u4E4B\u540E\uFF0C\u9664\u738B\u83BD\u6539\u5236\u7684\u77ED\u6682\u65F6\u95F4\uFF0C\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u4E00\u76F4\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u6D41\u901A\u8D27\u5E01\u7684\u6700\u4E3B\u8981\u8D27\u5E01\u5F62\u5236\uFF0C\u76F4\u81F3\u6E05\u671D\u672B\u5E74\u8BE5\u5730\u4F4D\u624D\u88AB\u94F6\u5143\u6240\u53D6\u4EE3\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E2D\u56FD\u6700\u665A\u7684\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u662F\u6C11\u56FD\u65F6\u671F\u90E8\u5206\u5730\u533A\u94F8\u884C\u7684\u6C11\u56FD\u901A\u5B9D\uFF08\u53E6\u6709\u8881\u4E16\u51EF\u51C6\u5907\u79F0\u5E1D\u800C\u94F8\u9020\u7684\u201C\u6D2A\u5BAA\u901A\u5B9D\u201D\uFF0C\u4F46\u6CA1\u6709\u6D41\u901A\uFF09\u3002 \u4E2D\u56FD\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u7684\u5F62\u5236\u5F71\u54CD\u4E86\u53E4\u4EE3\u5468\u8FB9\u5730\u533A\u7684\u9020\u5E01\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u3001\u671D\u9BAE\u534A\u5CF6\u3001\u8D8A\u5357\u3001\u7409\u7403\u7B49\u56FD\u5BB6\u548C\u5730\u533A\u5747\u66FE\u94F8\u884C\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1\u3002"@zh . "\u516C\u5F0F\u5973\u9322"@en . "k\u0101i l\u00FA qi\u00E1n"@en . . "China coin1.JPG"@en . . . . . . . . "\u89D2\u94B1"@en . . . . "Sap\u00E8que"@fr . . . "hu\u0101 chu\u0101n qi\u00E1n"@en . . "1124803273"^^ . . . "\u4E94\u5E1D\u94B1"@en . . . . . . "\u65B9\u5B54\u9322"@en . . . "\u4E00\u8D2F\u94B1"@en . "Uang koin adalah sejenis uang logam dari Tiongkok dan Asia Timur yang digunakan dari abad ke-4 SM hingga abad ke-20, berbentuk bulat dengan lubang persegi di bagian tengahnya (\u65B9\u7A7F, f\u0101ng chu\u0101n). Awalnya digunakan selama periode negara-negara berperang, koin-koin ini terus digunakan di seluruh Kekaisaran Tiongkok termasuk Mongol dan dinasti Qing. Uang koin Tiongkok terakhir dicetak pada tahun pertama Republik Tiongkok. Umumnya sebagian besar uang koin dibuat dari paduan tembaga atau perunggu, sedangkann koin yang terbuat dari besi, timbal, dan seng sangat jarang digunakan sepanjang sejarah Tiongkok. Koin perak dan emas juga langka diproduksi. Sebagian besar produksi uang koin Tiongkok menggunakan teknik , tetapi selama akhir dinasti Qing, mulai diproduksi. Karena uang koin yang diproduksi sepanjang sejarah Tiongkok hampir serupa, uang koin berusia ribuan tahun yang diproduksi selama dinasti Song Utara masih terus beredar sebagai mata uang yang sah hingga awal abad kedua puluh."@in . . . . . . . . "yes"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u95A9\u7701\u901A\u7528"@en . . . "uang k\u00E8p\u00E8ng / uang keping / pitis"@en . . . . . . . . "\u92AD\u8CA8\uFF08\u305B\u3093\u304B\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u6771\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u3067\u304B\u3064\u3066\u6D41\u901A\u3057\u305F\u786C\u8CA8\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u540C\u97F3\u3067\u6CC9\u8CA8\u3068\u3082\u66F8\u304F\u3002\u591A\u304F\u306F\u5186\u5F62\u3067\u4E2D\u5FC3\u90E8\u306B\u65B9\u5F62\u306E\u7A74\u304C\u958B\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\uFF08\u5186\u5F62\u65B9\u5B54\uFF09\u6709\u5B54\u8CA8\u5E63\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u91D1\u8CA8\u3084\u9280\u8CA8\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u8CB4\u91D1\u5C5E\u88FD\u306E\u786C\u8CA8\u306E\u5BFE\u7FA9\u8A9E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5351\u91D1\u5C5E\u88FD\u306E\u786C\u8CA8\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u91D1\u8CA8\u304A\u3088\u3073\u9280\u8CA8\u306E\u3046\u3061\u5186\u76E4\u72B6\u3067\u4E2D\u592E\u306B\u5B54\u304C\u958B\u3044\u305F\u5F62\u72B6\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3092\u542B\u3081\u3066\u92AD\u8CA8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u591A\u304F\u306F\u9285\u8CA8\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u9285\u306E\u4E0D\u8DB3\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u9244\u88FD\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3084\u4E9C\u925B\u7B49\u3068\u306E\u5408\u91D1\u3068\u3057\u305F\u771F\u936E\u88FD\u306E\u7269\u304C\u92AD\u8CA8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u92AD\u8CA8\u306E\u901A\u8CA8\u5358\u4F4D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306F\u3001\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u6587\u304C\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "\u9296"@en . . "84550"^^ . "\u6CE5\u9322"@en . "16376403"^^ . . . . . . "w\u01D4 d\u00EC qi\u00E1n"@en . . "\u5169"@en . . . "Cash"@en . . . . . . . . "\u516C\u5F0F\u5973\u94B1"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Tradi\u010Dn\u00ED \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 mince \u0161t\u011Bst\u00ED"@cs . . . . . "li\u01CEng"@en . "\u9285\u5E63"@en . . . . "hu\u00EC z\u00E9 xi\u00E0n de qi\u0101n x\u012Bn ku\u00E0ng d\u00E0ng \u00E0n gu\u01CEn"@en . . . . . . "w\u01D4 zh\u016B"@en . . . . . . . . . . "La sap\u00E8que (chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u65B9\u5B54\u94B1 ; chinois traditionnel : \u65B9\u5B54\u9322 ; pinyin : f\u0101ng k\u01D2ng qi\u00E1n) est une ancienne pi\u00E8ce de monnaie chinoise."@fr . . . . . . "Cash (moneta cinese)"@it . . . "Cash (Chino tradicional: \u65B9 \u5B54 \u9322; Chino simplificado: \u65B9 \u5B54 \u94B1; Hanyu Pinyin: f\u0101ng k\u01D2ng qi\u00E1n; Significado literal: dinero de agujero cuadrado)\u200B era un tipo de moneda de China y Asia Oriental, utilizada desde el siglo IV a. C. hasta el siglo XX, caracterizada por su forma externa redonda y un agujero central cuadrado (\u65B9\u7A7F, f\u0101ng chu\u0101n). Originalmente lanzadas durante el per\u00EDodo de los Reinos combatientes, estas monedas continuaron siendo utilizadas por la China imperial. Las \u00FAltimas monedas de cash chinas se lanzaron en el primer a\u00F1o de la Rep\u00FAblica de China.\u200B La moneda continu\u00F3 siendo utilizada extraoficialmente en China hasta mediados del siglo XX. Las \u00FAltimas monedas de cash chinas en Indonesia circularon en Bali hasta 1970 y todav\u00EDa se usan para la mayor\u00EDa de los rituales hind\u00FAes en la actualidad.\u200B\u200B En general, la mayor\u00EDa de las monedas de cash se hicieron de aleaciones de cobre o bronce, y las monedas de hierro, plomo y zinc se usaron ocasionalmente con menos frecuencia a lo largo de la historia china. Raras monedas de plata y oro tambi\u00E9n se produjeron.\u200B Como las monedas de cash producidas durante la historia de China fueron similares, las monedas producidas durante la dinast\u00EDa Song del Norte continuaron circulando como moneda v\u00E1lida hasta principios del siglo XX. En la era moderna, estas monedas se consideran \"monedas de buena suerte\" chinas. Se cuelgan de cuerdas y alrededor del cuello de los ni\u00F1os, o sobre las camas de personas enfermas. Ocupan un lugar en varias supersticiones, as\u00ED como en la medicina tradicional china y el feng shui.\u200B\u200B\u200B Entre las unidades monetarias basadas en este tipo de monedas est\u00E1n el mon japon\u00E9s, el mun coreano y el v\u0103n vietnamita.\u200B\u200B\u200B\u200B"@es . . . . . . "\u901A\u5BF6"@en . . "\u65B9\u5B54\u94B1"@en . . . . . . . . . "\u92AD\u8CA8\uFF08\u305B\u3093\u304B\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u6771\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u3067\u304B\u3064\u3066\u6D41\u901A\u3057\u305F\u786C\u8CA8\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u540C\u97F3\u3067\u6CC9\u8CA8\u3068\u3082\u66F8\u304F\u3002\u591A\u304F\u306F\u5186\u5F62\u3067\u4E2D\u5FC3\u90E8\u306B\u65B9\u5F62\u306E\u7A74\u304C\u958B\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\uFF08\u5186\u5F62\u65B9\u5B54\uFF09\u6709\u5B54\u8CA8\u5E63\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u91D1\u8CA8\u3084\u9280\u8CA8\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u8CB4\u91D1\u5C5E\u88FD\u306E\u786C\u8CA8\u306E\u5BFE\u7FA9\u8A9E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5351\u91D1\u5C5E\u88FD\u306E\u786C\u8CA8\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u91D1\u8CA8\u304A\u3088\u3073\u9280\u8CA8\u306E\u3046\u3061\u5186\u76E4\u72B6\u3067\u4E2D\u592E\u306B\u5B54\u304C\u958B\u3044\u305F\u5F62\u72B6\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3092\u542B\u3081\u3066\u92AD\u8CA8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u591A\u304F\u306F\u9285\u8CA8\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u9285\u306E\u4E0D\u8DB3\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3088\u308A\u3001\u9244\u88FD\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3084\u4E9C\u925B\u7B49\u3068\u306E\u5408\u91D1\u3068\u3057\u305F\u771F\u936E\u88FD\u306E\u7269\u304C\u92AD\u8CA8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767A\u884C\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u92AD\u8CA8\u306E\u901A\u8CA8\u5358\u4F4D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306F\u3001\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u6587\u304C\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . "\u6CE5\u94B1"@en . . . . . . . . "n\u00ED qi\u00E1n"@en . . "f\u0101ng k\u01D2ng qi\u00E1n"@en . . . . "\u9285"@en . . . . . . "Chinese k\u00E8p\u00E8ng"@nl . . "\u5FA1\u4E66\u94B1"@en . . . . . "copper currency"@en . . . "La sap\u00E8que (chinois simplifi\u00E9 : \u65B9\u5B54\u94B1 ; chinois traditionnel : \u65B9\u5B54\u9322 ; pinyin : f\u0101ng k\u01D2ng qi\u00E1n) est une ancienne pi\u00E8ce de monnaie chinoise."@fr . . . . "\u010C\u00EDnsk\u00E9 kovov\u00E9 pen\u00EDze byly ofici\u00E1ln\u00ED m\u011Bnou dynastie \u010Cching. Ka\u017Ed\u00FD c\u00EDsa\u0159 razil sv\u00E9 vlastn\u00ED mince z bronzu, m\u011Bdi nebo mosazi. Tyto mince byly vynikaj\u00EDc\u00EDm symbolem c\u00EDsa\u0159sk\u00E9 autority. Spole\u010Dn\u011B mince a c\u00EDsa\u0159, spojovali nebe a zemi, jin a jang. tradi\u010Dn\u00ED \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 mince"@cs . . . . . . "t\u00F3ng b\u00EC"@en . . . "ji\u01CEo qi\u00E1n"@en . . "\u95FD\u7701\u901A\u7528"@en . . "The cash or qian was a type of coin of China and East Asia, used from the 4th century BC until the 20th century AD, characterised by their round outer shape and a square center hole (\u65B9\u7A7F, f\u0101ng chu\u0101n). Originally cast during the Warring States period, these coins continued to be used for the entirety of Imperial China. The last Chinese cash coins were cast in the first year of the Republic of China. Generally most cash coins were made from copper or bronze alloys, with iron, lead, and zinc coins occasionally used less often throughout Chinese history. Rare silver and gold cash coins were also produced. During most of their production, cash coins were cast, but during the late Qing dynasty, machine-struck cash coins began to be made. As the cash coins produced over Chinese history were simila"@en . . "y\u012Bgu\u00E0nqi\u00E1n"@en . "\u6703\u6FA4\u7E23\u7684\u925B\u92C5\u7926\u6A94\u6848\u9928"@en . "\u9322"@en . "\u94DC\u5E01"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u82B1\u7A7F\u9322"@en . . . . . "\u82B1\u7A7F\u94B1"@en . . "De Chinese k\u00E8p\u00E8ng (ook wel kepeng, pitjis of picis) was een muntsoort die in China en andere oosterse landen circuleerde vanaf de vierde eeuw v. Chr. tot de twintigste eeuw. Tijdens de Periode van de Strijdende Staten werden k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs voor het eerst geslagen. Ze werden in de Qin-dynastie de standaardmunteenheid van China, en werden tot 1912 voor circulatie geslagen. Over het algemeen waren k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs van brons of koper, maar ijzeren en loden, en een klein aantal zilveren en gouden k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs werden in verschillende periodes van de Chinese geschiedenis geslagen. In de moderne tijd worden k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs als \"geluksmunten\" gezien en hebben ze nog steeds hun plek in de traditionele Chinese geneeskunde en Feng shui. De Japanse mon, Koreaanse mun, Riukiuaanse mon en de Vietnamese v\u0103n zijn allemaal op de Chinese k\u00E8p\u00E8ng gebaseerd en delen hun ontwerp van een ronde munt met een vierkant gat in het midden. Over het algemeen werden de munten gegoten maar ten tijde van de Qing-dynasty onder Keizer Guangxu werden de eerste machinaal geproduceerde k\u00E8p\u00E8ng-munten geslagen. In Nederlands-Indi\u00EB en al eerder in Indi\u00EB onder de VOC werden Chinese k\u00E8p\u00E8ngs gebruikt door de Chinezen en de inheemse bevolking, naast VOC-duiten."@nl . . . "Uang (koin Tiongkok)"@in . "\u010C\u00EDnsk\u00E9 kovov\u00E9 pen\u00EDze byly ofici\u00E1ln\u00ED m\u011Bnou dynastie \u010Cching. Ka\u017Ed\u00FD c\u00EDsa\u0159 razil sv\u00E9 vlastn\u00ED mince z bronzu, m\u011Bdi nebo mosazi. Tyto mince byly vynikaj\u00EDc\u00EDm symbolem c\u00EDsa\u0159sk\u00E9 autority. Spole\u010Dn\u011B mince a c\u00EDsa\u0159, spojovali nebe a zemi, jin a jang. tradi\u010Dn\u00ED \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 mince"@cs . . . . "t\u014Dngb\u01CEo"@en . "square-holed money"@en . . "\u9285\u9322"@en . . . "Replicas of various ancient to 19th century cast cash coins in various metals found in China, Korea and Japan."@en . . . "g\u014Dng y\u01CEng qi\u00E1n"@en . . . . . . "\u89D2\u9322"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "zh\u00F2ngb\u01CEo"@en . . "\u4F9B\u517B\u94B1"@en . "\u534A\u5169"@en . . . . . . . "The cash or qian was a type of coin of China and East Asia, used from the 4th century BC until the 20th century AD, characterised by their round outer shape and a square center hole (\u65B9\u7A7F, f\u0101ng chu\u0101n). Originally cast during the Warring States period, these coins continued to be used for the entirety of Imperial China. The last Chinese cash coins were cast in the first year of the Republic of China. Generally most cash coins were made from copper or bronze alloys, with iron, lead, and zinc coins occasionally used less often throughout Chinese history. Rare silver and gold cash coins were also produced. During most of their production, cash coins were cast, but during the late Qing dynasty, machine-struck cash coins began to be made. As the cash coins produced over Chinese history were similar, thousand year old cash coins produced during the Northern Song dynasty continued to circulate as valid currency well into the early twentieth century. In the modern era, these coins are considered to be Chinese \u201Cgood luck coins\u201D; they are hung on strings and round the necks of children, or over the beds of sick people. They hold a place in various traditional Chinese techniques, such as Yijing divination, as well as Traditional Chinese medicine, and Feng shui. Currencies based on the Chinese cash coins include the Japanese mon, Korean mun, Ryukyuan mon, and Vietnamese v\u0103n."@en . . . . . . . . . . "general currency"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u79A6\u66F8\u9322"@en . . "g\u014Dng sh\u00EC n\u01DA qi\u00E1n"@en . . . "\u958B\u7210\u9322"@en . . . .