. . . . . "Enginyeria civil"@ca . . . . . . "Bauingenieurwesen"@de . . . . "\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u4E00\u5207\u548C\u571F\u3001\u6728\u6709\u95DC\u7684\u57FA\u790E\u5EFA\u8A2D\u7684\u8A08\u5283\u3001\u5EFA\u9020\u548C\u7DAD\u4FEE\u3002\u73FE\u6642\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u4F5C\u9805\u76EE\u5305\u62EC\uFF1A\u80FD\u6E90\u3001\u6C34\u5229\u53CA\u4EA4\u901A\u8A2D\u65BD\u7B49\u3002\u904E\u53BB\u66FE\u7D93\u5C07\u4E00\u5207\u975E\u8ECD\u4E8B\u7528\u9014\u7684\u6C11\u7528\u5DE5\u7A0B\u9805\u76EE\uFF0C\u6B78\u5165\u672C\u985E\uFF0C\u4F46\u96A8\u8457\u5DE5\u7A0B\u79D1\u5B78\u65E5\u76CA\u5EE3\u95CA\uFF0C\u4E0D\u5C11\u539F\u4F86\u5C6C\u65BC\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\u7BC4\u570D\u7684\u5167\u5BB9\u90FD\u5DF2\u7D93\u7368\u7ACB\u6210\u79D1\u3002 \u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\u4E43\u4EE5\u63D0\u9AD8\u570B\u6C11\u4E4B\u751F\u6D3B\u54C1\u8CEA\uFF0C\u4FC3\u9032\u570B\u6C11\u4E4B\u516C\u5171\u798F\u7949\u70BA\u76EE\u7684\uFF0C\u9032\u800C\u6539\u9020\u570B\u571F\uFF0C\u6574\u6CBB\u74B0\u5883\u53CA\u9632\u6CBB\u707D\u5BB3\u767C\u751F\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u516C\u5171\u5DE5\u7A0B\u3002\u53C8\u56E0\u98DF\u8863\u4F4F\u884C\u4E43\u570B\u6C11\u751F\u6D3B\u4E4B\u56DB\u5927\u9700\u8981\uFF0C\u4E26\u8207\u570B\u6C11\u4E4B\u798F\u7949\u606F\u606F\u76F8\u95DC\uFF0C\u6545\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\u4EA6\u7232\u76F4\u63A5\u6216\u9593\u63A5\u5730\u89E3\u6C7A\u6C11\u751F\u56DB\u5927\u554F\u984C\u4E4B\u57FA\u672C\u5EFA\u8A2D\u5DE5\u7A0B\u3002"@zh . . . "Ingegneria civile"@it . "Ingenier\u00EDa civil"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "Bautechnik"@de . . . . . . . "Ingeniaritza zibila edo herri-lanen ingeniaritza obra publikoekin zerikusia duen ingeniaritza adarrari esaten zaio. Besteak beste, zubi, errepide, trenbide, urtegi, portu, ur-horniketa eta horien pareko elementuen ingeniaritza lanei dagokie. Alor asko jorratzen dituen ingeniaritza da, lehenengoetako ingeniaritza izaki. Ingeniari zibilak dira ingeniaritza arlo hau garatzen duten pertsonak. Hegoaldean Portu, Ubide eta Bide ingeniari bezala dira ezagunak, gazteleraz hala deitzen baitzaie (Caminos, Canales y Puertos). Iparraldean berriz Zubi eta Errepide ingeniaria (Ponts et Chauss\u00E9es)."@eu . . . . . "Brainse innealt\u00F3ireachta a bhaineann le dearadh is t\u00F3g\u00E1il oibreacha poibl\u00ED: foirgnimh, droichid, toll\u00E1in, uiscebheala\u00ED, can\u00E1lacha, sr\u00E1ideanna is b\u00F3ithre, c\u00F3rais s\u00E9arachais, iarnr\u00F3id, agus aerfoirt. Tagann innealt\u00F3ireacht strucht\u00FArtha, shl\u00E1int\u00EDoch is hiodr\u00E1lach san \u00E1ireamh. Is g\u00E1 eolas a bheith ag innealt\u00F3ir\u00ED sibhialta ar \u00E1bhair is trealamh t\u00F3g\u00E1la, ithreacha is carraigeacha chun bunsraith chu\u00ED a th\u00F3g\u00E1il, obair t\u00F3g\u00E1la a dh\u00E9anamh faoin talamh is faoin uisce, agus earra\u00ED d\u00E9anta, cos\u00FAil le gluaiste\u00E1in, traenacha, eitle\u00E1in is eile. Tagann r\u00EDomhaireacht go m\u00F3r sa sc\u00E9al freisin i gc\u00FArsa\u00ED deartha, t\u00E1st\u00E1la is d\u00E9anta, agus an r\u00E9altacht fh\u00EDor\u00FAil chun mionsamhlacha foirgneamh is strucht\u00FAr eile a ini\u00FAchadh roimh a dt\u00F3g\u00E1il. Chum an t-innealt\u00F3ir Sasanach John Smeaton (1724-1794) an t\u00E9arma \u2018innealt\u00F3ireacht"@ga . . . . . "Teknik sipil adalah salah satu cabang ilmu Teknik yang mempelajari tentang bagaimana merancang, membangun, merenovasi tidak hanya gedung dan infrastruktur tetapi juga mencakup lingkungan untuk kemaslahatan hidup manusia. Teknik sipil mempunyai ruang lingkup yang luas, di dalamnya pengetahuan Matematika, Fisika, Kimia, Biologi, Geologi, Lingkungan hingga Komputer mempunyai peranannya masing-masing. Teknik sipil dikembangkan sejalan dengan tingkat kebutuhan manusia dan pergerakannya, hingga bisa dikatakan ilmu ini bisa mengubah sebuah hutan menjadi kota besar."@in . . . . "Le g\u00E9nie civil repr\u00E9sente l'ensemble des techniques de constructions civiles. Les ing\u00E9nieurs civils ou ing\u00E9nieurs en g\u00E9nie civil s\u2019occupent de la conception, la r\u00E9alisation, l\u2019exploitation et la r\u00E9habilitation d\u2019ouvrages de construction et d\u2019infrastructures dont ils assurent la gestion afin de r\u00E9pondre aux besoins de la soci\u00E9t\u00E9, tout en assurant la s\u00E9curit\u00E9 du public et la protection de l\u2019environnement. Tr\u00E8s vari\u00E9es, leurs r\u00E9alisations se r\u00E9partissent principalement dans cinq grands domaines d\u2019intervention : structures, g\u00E9otechnique, hydraulique, transport, et environnement."@fr . "\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B"@zh . . . . . . "In\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa okre\u015Blana tak\u017Ce budownictwem l\u0105dowym i wodnym \u2013 dyscyplina nauk in\u017Cynieryjnych i technicznych kszta\u0142tuj\u0105ca powierzchni\u0119 Ziemi pod potrzeby egzystencji cz\u0142owieka. \u0141\u0105czy w sobie umiej\u0119tno\u015Bci takie jak analizowanie, projektowanie, wznoszenie oraz utrzymanie wszelkich budowli, jak i ich element\u00F3w sk\u0142adowych, a w szczeg\u00F3lno\u015Bci takich konstrukcji i ich element\u00F3w jak mosty, drogi, kana\u0142y, zapory oraz inne budowle, tak\u017Ce te okre\u015Blane budynkami. In\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa wywodzi si\u0119 w linii prostej od staro\u017Cytnej dziedziny opisanej przez Witruwiusza zwanej przez niego samego architektur\u0105. Du\u017Cy wk\u0142ad w rozw\u00F3j wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnej in\u017Cynierii l\u0105dowej ma dziedzina okre\u015Blana jako in\u017Cynieria wojskowa. In\u017Cynieri\u0119 l\u0105dow\u0105 kraje nale\u017C\u0105ce do OECD podzieli\u0142y na cztery subdyscypliny: \n* in\u017Cynieri\u0119 l\u0105dow\u0105 \n* in\u017Cynieri\u0119 architektury \n* in\u017Cynieri\u0119 budowlan\u0105, in\u017Cynieri\u0119 miejsk\u0105 i strukturaln\u0105 \n* in\u017Cynieri\u0119 transportu. Dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 w zakresie in\u017Cynierii l\u0105dowej w pewnych przypadkach wymaga transferu wiedzy powi\u0105zanego z innymi dyscyplinami nauk in\u017Cynieryjno-technicznych, takimi jak: \n* in\u017Cynieria \u015Brodowiska \n* elektrotechnika, elektronika, in\u017Cynieria informatyczna \n* in\u017Cynieria mechaniczna \n* in\u017Cynieria chemiczna \n* in\u017Cynieria materia\u0142owa \n* inne dyscypliny nauk in\u017Cynieryjno-technicznych. In\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa znajduje zastosowanie na wszystkich poziomach \u017Cycia cywilizowanych spo\u0142ecze\u0144stw. Od poziomu samorz\u0105dowego do zakresu og\u00F3lnokrajowego, a w sektorze prywatnym od indywidualnych w\u0142a\u015Bcicieli do mi\u0119dzynarodowych firm budowlanych."@pl . "L'ingegneria civile \u00E8 il ramo dell'ingegneria preposto alla progettazione di manufatti e infrastrutture destinati all'uso civile e quindi a tutti gli ambiti relativi: edili, geotecnici, infrastrutturali, idraulici, strutturali, urbanistici.Il termine civile indica il carattere della categoria, in contrapposizione a quello militare (genio militare): infatti gli eserciti erano sempre accompagnati da tecnici che fossero in grado di realizzare quanto necessario per far attraversare alle truppe gli ostacoli che incontravano sul loro cammino (si pensi a proposito ai ponti di barche usati da Napoleone nelle sue campagne in tutta Europa). Elemento centrale dell'ingegneria civile \u00E8 la \"costruzione\", cio\u00E8 un insieme di elementi che hanno l'obiettivo di svolgere una certa funzione, sopportando determinati carichi (peso proprio, autoveicoli, vento, neve, sismi).La professione \u00E8 esercitata dagli ingegneri civili, ovvero ingegneri laureati in tale ramo, che possono essere sia liberi professionisti che dipendenti di imprese, enti o amministrazioni sia pubbliche che private."@it . . "Das Bauingenieurwesen ist eine Ingenieurwissenschaft, die sich mit Konzeption, Planung, Entwurf, Konstruktion, Berechnung, Herstellung und dem Betrieb von Bauwerken des Hoch-, Verkehrs-, Tief- und Wasserbaus auseinandersetzt. In diesem Zusammenhang werden ebenfalls Fragen des technischen Umweltschutzes behandelt, beispielsweise L\u00E4rmschutz, Gew\u00E4sser- und Bodenschutz sowie zugeh\u00F6rige Schadstoffuntersuchungen. Die Berufsbezeichnung lautet Bauingenieur und z\u00E4hlt zur Berufsgruppe der Ingenieure. Das Studium des Bauingenieurwesens an Universit\u00E4ten und Fachhochschulen schlie\u00DFt mit einer akademischen Graduierung ab als Bachelor und weiterf\u00FChrend als Master. Bis zur Umsetzung des Bologna-Prozesses (Kernphase war der Zeitraum Studienbeginn 2003\u20132006 bei den zuvor 8- bis 10-semestrigen Diplomstudieng\u00E4ngen) war bei universit\u00E4ren Studieng\u00E4ngen der akademische Grad Diplom-Ingenieur (\u00FCblicherweise abgek\u00FCrzt mit Dipl.-Ing. bzw. Dipl.-Ing. Univ. in Bayern) sowie an Fachhochschulen Diplom-Ingenieur (FH) (abgek\u00FCrzt mit Dipl.-Ing.(FH)) \u00FCblich. Folglich waren in Deutschland die meisten Studienabschl\u00FCsse des Bauingenieurwesens bis ca. zum Jahr 2008 noch mit dem akademischen Grad des Diplomingenieurs betitelt. Nicht durchsetzen konnte sich im Rahmen des Bologna-Prozesses die angestrebte Umbenennung des weitgef\u00E4cherten Berufsbildes in Zivilingenieur, was einer sinngem\u00E4\u00DFen Anlehnung an die Berufsbezeichnungen im frankophonen (frz.: genie civil) und im englischsprachigen Raum (engl.: civil engineer) entsprochen h\u00E4tte."@de . . . . . . . . . . "Civiele techniek is de toegepaste wetenschap die zich richt op ontwerp, constructie en beheer van de gebouwde omgeving (Built Environment). Daaronder vallen onder meer infrastructuur, bruggen, tunnels en dijken. Ook het droogleggen van wateren en bouwen in, op of aan het water is onderdeel van civiele techniek. Het vakgebied levert een bijdrage aan onder andere verduurzaming van mobiliteit, oplossingen voor het omgaan met klimaatverandering en de energietransitie. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn duurzame mobiliteitsvormen, het omgaan met zeespiegelstijging en het aanleggen van windmolenparken. Civiele techniek (civiel = burgerlijk) is ontstaan als tegenhanger van , zoals bedreven door de genie. Ontwerp en aanleg van wegen, bruggen en kanalen was aan het begin van de 19e eeuw nog een verantwoordelijkheid van de genie."@nl . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043B\u044C, \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F\u0441\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . "Stavebnictv\u00ED je specializovan\u00E9 hospod\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9 odv\u011Btv\u00ED zab\u00FDvaj\u00EDc\u00ED se stavbami."@cs . . . "La konstruin\u011Denieriko estas in\u011Denierscienco, kiu okupi\u011Das pri la konceptado, planado, kalkulado, realigado kaj la funkciigado de konstrua\u0135oj de la , subterkonstruado kaj . En tiu konekso anka\u016D estas pritraktataj temoj de la , ekzemple esploroj pri brutekniko kaj dama\u011Dsubstancoj. La koncerna profesio nomi\u011Das in\u011Deniero respektive konstruin\u011Deniero."@eo . . "\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . "In\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa"@pl . . . . . . . . . "\uD1A0\uBAA9\uACF5\uD559"@ko . . "\uD1A0\uBAA9\uACF5\uD559(\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B78, \uC601\uC5B4: civil engineering)\uC740 \uC778\uB958 \uBB38\uBA85 \uBC1C\uB2EC\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC774 \uB418\uB294 \uC790\uC5F0 \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uAC01\uC885 \uC7AC\uD574\uC640 \uACF5\uD574\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC778\uB958\uB97C \uBCF4\uC804\uD558\uBA70, \uAD6D\uD1A0 \uD658\uACBD\uC744 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAC1C\uC870\uD558\uC5EC \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC5D0 \uB354 \uCF8C\uC801\uD558\uACE0 \uC720\uC6A9\uD558\uAC8C \uC4F8 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0, \uC778\uAC04\uACFC \uC790\uC5F0\uC758 \uACF5\uC874\uC744 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD558\uACE0 \uAE30\uC220\uACFC \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uC870\uD654\uB97C \uD604\uC2E4\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uC778\uAC04\uC0DD\uD65C\uC758 \uAE30\uBC18\uC744 \uAD6C\uCD95\uD558\uACE0, \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uBB38\uBA85\uC744 \uC2E4\uD604\uD558\uC5EC \uC0AC\uD68C\uB97C \uC720\uC9C0\uD558\uB294 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uD559\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uD1A0\uBAA9\uACF5\uD559\uC740 '\uC124\uACC4, \uAC74\uCD95, \uC2DC\uACF5' \uB4F1\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uD558\uC5EC \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAC70\uB300\uD55C \uAC74\uCD95\uBB3C/\uC870\uD615\uBB3C/\uC2DC\uC124\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B4\uACE0, \uC720\uC9C0\uD558\uB294 \uC77C\uCCB4\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uACFC \uAE30\uC220\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4.."@ko . . . . . "\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u4E00\u5207\u548C\u571F\u3001\u6728\u6709\u95DC\u7684\u57FA\u790E\u5EFA\u8A2D\u7684\u8A08\u5283\u3001\u5EFA\u9020\u548C\u7DAD\u4FEE\u3002\u73FE\u6642\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u4F5C\u9805\u76EE\u5305\u62EC\uFF1A\u80FD\u6E90\u3001\u6C34\u5229\u53CA\u4EA4\u901A\u8A2D\u65BD\u7B49\u3002\u904E\u53BB\u66FE\u7D93\u5C07\u4E00\u5207\u975E\u8ECD\u4E8B\u7528\u9014\u7684\u6C11\u7528\u5DE5\u7A0B\u9805\u76EE\uFF0C\u6B78\u5165\u672C\u985E\uFF0C\u4F46\u96A8\u8457\u5DE5\u7A0B\u79D1\u5B78\u65E5\u76CA\u5EE3\u95CA\uFF0C\u4E0D\u5C11\u539F\u4F86\u5C6C\u65BC\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\u7BC4\u570D\u7684\u5167\u5BB9\u90FD\u5DF2\u7D93\u7368\u7ACB\u6210\u79D1\u3002 \u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\u4E43\u4EE5\u63D0\u9AD8\u570B\u6C11\u4E4B\u751F\u6D3B\u54C1\u8CEA\uFF0C\u4FC3\u9032\u570B\u6C11\u4E4B\u516C\u5171\u798F\u7949\u70BA\u76EE\u7684\uFF0C\u9032\u800C\u6539\u9020\u570B\u571F\uFF0C\u6574\u6CBB\u74B0\u5883\u53CA\u9632\u6CBB\u707D\u5BB3\u767C\u751F\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u516C\u5171\u5DE5\u7A0B\u3002\u53C8\u56E0\u98DF\u8863\u4F4F\u884C\u4E43\u570B\u6C11\u751F\u6D3B\u4E4B\u56DB\u5927\u9700\u8981\uFF0C\u4E26\u8207\u570B\u6C11\u4E4B\u798F\u7949\u606F\u606F\u76F8\u95DC\uFF0C\u6545\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u7A0B\u4EA6\u7232\u76F4\u63A5\u6216\u9593\u63A5\u5730\u89E3\u6C7A\u6C11\u751F\u56DB\u5927\u554F\u984C\u4E4B\u57FA\u672C\u5EFA\u8A2D\u5DE5\u7A0B\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "Ingeniaritza zibil"@eu . "Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways."@en . "Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering can take place in the public sector from municipal public works departments through to federal government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based firms to global Fortune 500 companies."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Teknik sipil"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'ingegneria civile \u00E8 il ramo dell'ingegneria preposto alla progettazione di manufatti e infrastrutture destinati all'uso civile e quindi a tutti gli ambiti relativi: edili, geotecnici, infrastrutturali, idraulici, strutturali, urbanistici.Il termine civile indica il carattere della categoria, in contrapposizione a quello militare (genio militare): infatti gli eserciti erano sempre accompagnati da tecnici che fossero in grado di realizzare quanto necessario per far attraversare alle truppe gli ostacoli che incontravano sul loro cammino (si pensi a proposito ai ponti di barche usati da Napoleone nelle sue campagne in tutta Europa)."@it . . . . . . . "Stavebnictv\u00ED"@cs . "Engenharia civil"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La konstruin\u011Denieriko estas in\u011Denierscienco, kiu okupi\u011Das pri la konceptado, planado, kalkulado, realigado kaj la funkciigado de konstrua\u0135oj de la , subterkonstruado kaj . En tiu konekso anka\u016D estas pritraktataj temoj de la , ekzemple esploroj pri brutekniko kaj dama\u011Dsubstancoj. La koncerna profesio nomi\u011Das in\u011Deniero respektive konstruin\u011Deniero."@eo . . . . . . "La ingenier\u00EDa civil es la disciplina de la ingenier\u00EDa que emplea conocimientos de c\u00E1lculo, mec\u00E1nica, hidr\u00E1ulica y f\u00EDsica para encargarse del dise\u00F1o, construcci\u00F3n y mantenimiento de las infraestructuras emplazadas en el entorno, incluyendo carreteras, ferrocarriles, puentes, canales, presas, puertos, aeropuertos, diques y otras construcciones relacionadas.\u200B\u200B\u200B La ingenier\u00EDa civil es la m\u00E1s antigua despu\u00E9s de la ingenier\u00EDa militar,\u200B de ah\u00ED su nombre para distinguir las actividades civiles con las militares.\u200B Tradicionalmente ha sido dividida en varias subdisciplinas incluyendo ingenier\u00EDa ambiental, ingenier\u00EDa sanitaria, ingenier\u00EDa geot\u00E9cnica, geof\u00EDsica, geodesia, ingenier\u00EDa estructural, ingenier\u00EDa del transporte, ciencias de la Tierra, urbanismo, ordenaci\u00F3n del territorio, ingenier\u00EDa hidr\u00E1uli"@es . . "\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B66\uFF08\u3069\u307C\u304F\u3053\u3046\u304C\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: civil engineering\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u81EA\u7136\u707D\u5BB3\u7B49\u306E\u793E\u4F1A\u8AB2\u984C\u306E\u89E3\u6C7A\u304A\u3088\u3073\u74B0\u5883\u306E\u5275\u9020\u30FB\u7DAD\u6301\u767A\u5C55\u3092\u76EE\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u57FA\u76E4\u3092\u6574\u5099\u3059\u308B\u5DE5\u5B66\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E3B\u306A\u5BFE\u8C61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9244\u9053\u3001\u9053\u8DEF\u3001\u6A4B\u6881\u3001\u30C8\u30F3\u30CD\u30EB\u3001\u6E2F\u6E7E\u3001\u7A7A\u6E2F\u3001\u6D77\u5CB8\u3001\u6CB3\u5DDD\u3001\u30C0\u30E0\u3001\u5EC3\u68C4\u7269\u51E6\u7406\u3001\u6C34\u9053\uFF08\u4E0A\u6C34\u9053\u3001\u5DE5\u696D\u7528\u6C34\u9053\u3001\u4E0B\u6C34\u9053\uFF09\u3001\u7802\u9632\u3001\u571F\u6728\u666F\u89B3\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B66\u90E8\u5206\u306E\u767A\u96FB\u65BD\u8A2D\u3001\u901A\u4FE1\u65BD\u8A2D\u3001\u74B0\u5883\u4FDD\u5168\u3001\u9020\u6210\u3001\u4EA4\u901A\u3001\u56FD\u571F\u8A08\u753B\u306A\u3069\u3082\u542B\u307E\u308C\u3001\u5BFE\u8C61\u306F\u591A\u5C90\u306B\u308F\u305F\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u5DFB\u304F\u4EBA\u5DE5\u7269\u306F\u7DCF\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u300C\u571F\u6728\u69CB\u9020\u7269\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u571F\u6728\u69CB\u9020\u7269\u306F\u3001\u516C\u5171\u4E8B\u696D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5EFA\u8A2D\u3055\u308C\u3001\u9577\u671F\u9593\u306B\u6E21\u3063\u3066\u793E\u4F1A\u30FB\u7D4C\u6E08\u6D3B\u52D5\u3092\u652F\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Civil engineering)\u200F \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0645\u062F\u0627\u062F \u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0636\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062F\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062A \u0623\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u062C\u0648\u0632 \u062D\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0648\u062D\u062F\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0643\u0623\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062F\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u062A\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u062A \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062A\u0627\u062C \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0641\u064A \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062F\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062A\u0632\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639."@ar . "V\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnad, alternativt v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnadsteknik eller f\u00F6rr v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnadskonst, betecknar ett tekniskt omr\u00E5de, men \u00E4r framf\u00F6r allt den traditionella beteckningen p\u00E5 i princip all civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildning med bygginriktning i Sverige. Civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildningen ges under detta namn vid Lule\u00E5 tekniska universitet (LTU) och Lunds tekniska h\u00F6gskola (vid Lunds universitet). Vid Kungliga Tekniska h\u00F6gskolan (KTH) finns byggnadstekniska inriktningar inom civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildningen , vid LTU \u00E4ven inom utbildningarna Arkitektur och Naturresursteknik och vid M\u00E4lardalens h\u00F6gskola (MDH) inom utbildningen Samh\u00E4llsteknik. Vid Chalmers tekniska h\u00F6gskola startade h\u00F6sten \u00E5r 2015 f\u00F6rsta \u00E5rskursen i civilingenj\u00F6rsprogrammet Samh\u00E4llsbyggnadsteknik, vilket \u00E4r en moderniserad ers\u00E4ttare till det \u00E4ldre programmet V\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnad. Svenska V\u00E4g- och Vattenbyggares Riksf\u00F6rbund bytte \u00E5r 2013 namn till . Som \u00E4mnes- eller verksamhetsben\u00E4mning betecknar v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnad i huvudsak infrastrukturbyggen av v\u00E4gar, j\u00E4rnv\u00E4gar, broar, hamnar och liknande anl\u00E4ggningar, till skillnad mot husbyggnad. P\u00E5 grund av civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildningarnas ben\u00E4mning f\u00F6rekommer det \u00E4ven att v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnad utnyttjas som allm\u00E4n synonym till omr\u00E5det byggteknik. Det engelskspr\u00E5kiga begreppet civil engineer markerar inte en viss akademisk examensniv\u00E5, utan syftar p\u00E5 en ingenj\u00F6r som \u00E4r utbildad i v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnadsteknik, det vill s\u00E4ga det civila samh\u00E4llets behov av v\u00E4gar, broar, byggnader med mera. Motsvarande g\u00E4ller en rad andra spr\u00E5k, t.ex. franska, spanska och italienska."@sv . . . . . . . . "Civiele techniek"@nl . . "A engenharia civil \u00E9 o ramo da engenharia que planeia, projeta, executa e faz a gest\u00E3o de obras e empreendimentos. A engenharia civil transforma e adapta a natureza, com o objetivo de otimizar a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Desta forma, esta \u00E1rea dedica-se \u00E0 constru\u00E7\u00E3o de edif\u00EDcios, pontes, t\u00FAneis, usinas geradoras de energia, ind\u00FAstrias e in\u00FAmeros outros tipos de estrutura, utilizando como ferramentas as ci\u00EAncias, a matem\u00E1tica, instrumentos, tecnologias e t\u00E9cnicas diversas, experi\u00EAncias anteriores, o cabedal normativo e as pr\u00E1ticas locais, levando em conta os contextos social, econ\u00F4mico e ambiental."@pt . . . . . . "A engenharia civil \u00E9 o ramo da engenharia que planeia, projeta, executa e faz a gest\u00E3o de obras e empreendimentos. A engenharia civil transforma e adapta a natureza, com o objetivo de otimizar a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Desta forma, esta \u00E1rea dedica-se \u00E0 constru\u00E7\u00E3o de edif\u00EDcios, pontes, t\u00FAneis, usinas geradoras de energia, ind\u00FAstrias e in\u00FAmeros outros tipos de estrutura, utilizando como ferramentas as ci\u00EAncias, a matem\u00E1tica, instrumentos, tecnologias e t\u00E9cnicas diversas, experi\u00EAncias anteriores, o cabedal normativo e as pr\u00E1ticas locais, levando em conta os contextos social, econ\u00F4mico e ambiental. Desde o in\u00EDcio da hist\u00F3ria, os humanos passaram a construir seus pr\u00F3prios abrigos utilizando os elementos naturais ao seu redor. Posteriormente, as estruturas adquiriram caracter\u00EDsticas cada vez mais complexas, reflexo do desenvolvimento das t\u00E9cnicas. Passou-se ent\u00E3o, a utilizar conhecimentos cient\u00EDficos nesta \u00E1rea, de forma que as dimens\u00F5es, a resist\u00EAncia e outros atributos de uma determinada obra podiam ser estimados. Novos materiais passaram a ser utilizados, sobretudo ferro e cimento, que possibilitaram o surgimento das grandes estruturas que hoje comp\u00F5em o cen\u00E1rio do mundo moderno. Desta forma, a forma\u00E7\u00E3o de um engenheiro civil \u00E9 fortemente ligada \u00E0s ci\u00EAncias exatas. Contudo, um bom profissional deve conter muitos outros atributos, principalmente habilidades em comunica\u00E7\u00E3o e de an\u00E1lise racional dos fatos, al\u00E9m de seguir um c\u00F3digo de \u00E9tica, visto que suas obras influenciam significativamente em todos os segmentos da sociedade. Dada a vasta abrang\u00EAncia, a engenharia civil divide-se em v\u00E1rios campos espec\u00EDficos, desde geotecnia, mapeamento, at\u00E9 transportes, constru\u00E7\u00E3o e estrutural, dentre muitas outras. A designa\u00E7\u00E3o \"engenharia civil\" foi inicialmente utilizada por oposi\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 de \"engenharia militar\". Designava assim, toda a engenharia n\u00E3o militar. Com o passar do tempo e na maioria dos pa\u00EDses, o termo passou a ser utilizado num \u00E2mbito mais restrito, referindo-se apenas ao ramo da constru\u00E7\u00E3o, com os outros ramos da engenharia a receberem designa\u00E7\u00F5es distintas (ex., industrial, agr\u00EDcola, posteriormente outras). Contudo, em alguns pa\u00EDses como a B\u00E9lgica, a Dinamarca, a Fran\u00E7a, a Noruega e a Su\u00E9cia, os engenheiros n\u00E3o militares s\u00E3o ainda genericamente referidos como \"engenheiros civis\", independentemente da sua especialidade ser a constru\u00E7\u00E3o ou outra (mec\u00E2nica, qu\u00EDmica, eletricidade, etc.). O engenheiro civil ou a engenheira civil desenvolve a sua profiss\u00E3o ou atividade utilizando o conhecimento de ci\u00EAncias matem\u00E1ticas, f\u00EDsicas e dos materiais, adquirido atrav\u00E9s do estudo, da experi\u00EAncia e da pr\u00E1tica, com o fim de desenvolver o projeto, a constru\u00E7\u00E3o e a manuten\u00E7\u00E3o de infraestruturas, de forma econ\u00F3mica e em respeito pelo meio ambiente, materializadas em edif\u00EDcios, pontes, barragens, vias de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o, sistemas de abastecimento e tratamento de \u00E1guas, aeroportos, portos e sistemas de produ\u00E7\u00E3o de energia, numa l\u00F3gica funcional, est\u00E9tica e de seguran\u00E7a de pessoas e bens."@pt . . . . . . . . . . "V\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnad, alternativt v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnadsteknik eller f\u00F6rr v\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnadskonst, betecknar ett tekniskt omr\u00E5de, men \u00E4r framf\u00F6r allt den traditionella beteckningen p\u00E5 i princip all civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildning med bygginriktning i Sverige. Civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildningen ges under detta namn vid Lule\u00E5 tekniska universitet (LTU) och Lunds tekniska h\u00F6gskola (vid Lunds universitet). Vid Kungliga Tekniska h\u00F6gskolan (KTH) finns byggnadstekniska inriktningar inom civilingenj\u00F6rsutbildningen , vid LTU \u00E4ven inom utbildningarna Arkitektur och Naturresursteknik och vid M\u00E4lardalens h\u00F6gskola (MDH) inom utbildningen Samh\u00E4llsteknik. Vid Chalmers tekniska h\u00F6gskola startade h\u00F6sten \u00E5r 2015 f\u00F6rsta \u00E5rskursen i civilingenj\u00F6rsprogrammet Samh\u00E4llsbyggnadsteknik, vilket \u00E4r en moderniserad ers\u00E4ttare"@sv . . . . . . "Tecnica delle costruzioni"@it . . "L'enginyeria civil \u00E9s una \u00E0mplia branca de l'enginyeria que tracta amb temes tan diversos com el disseny, la construcci\u00F3 i la d'obres p\u00FAbliques i estructures fixes diverses, la urban\u00EDstica i els , el transport, el terreny, la hidr\u00E0ulica, la hidrologia, les costes i els ports i la potabilitzaci\u00F3 i depuraci\u00F3 d'aig\u00FCes. Com totes les enginyeries, l'enginyeria civil s'ha desenvolupat a partir de l'observaci\u00F3 de les maneres en qu\u00E8 reaccionen els sistemes. A partir d'aquestes observacions, es proposen i per a descriure els fen\u00F2mens observats."@ca . . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E"@ru . . . . . . . "\u0426\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. civil engineering) \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . . . . . . . "Teknik sipil adalah salah satu cabang ilmu Teknik yang mempelajari tentang bagaimana merancang, membangun, merenovasi tidak hanya gedung dan infrastruktur tetapi juga mencakup lingkungan untuk kemaslahatan hidup manusia. Teknik sipil mempunyai ruang lingkup yang luas, di dalamnya pengetahuan Matematika, Fisika, Kimia, Biologi, Geologi, Lingkungan hingga Komputer mempunyai peranannya masing-masing. Teknik sipil dikembangkan sejalan dengan tingkat kebutuhan manusia dan pergerakannya, hingga bisa dikatakan ilmu ini bisa mengubah sebuah hutan menjadi kota besar. Teknik sipil ialah salah satu cabang ilmu teknik yang mempelajari tentang cara merancang bangunan dan infrastruktur untuk memenuhi keperluan manusia di sektor publik. Sebagian besar bahasan teknik sipil berkaitan dengan konstruksi. Teknik sipil diperkirakan telah diterapkan sejak 4.000 tahun sebelum Masehi bersamaan dengan pembangunan piramida di Mesir dan Tembok Besar Tiongkok di Tiongkok. Ilmu teknik sipil menggabungkan pengetahuan matematika, fisika, kimia, biologi, geologi, lingkungan hingga komputer. Teknik sipil dikembangkan sejalan dengan tingkat kebutuhan manusia dan pergerakannya Pada masa kini, teknik sipil telah memanfaatkan teknologi mahadata dan Internet untuk Segala. Teknik sipil berbeda dengan arsitektur, tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya saling berkaitan khususnya pada proses perencanaan dan desain bangunan. Teknik sipil secara tradisional dipecah menjadi beberapa sub-disiplin. Ini dianggap sebagai disiplin teknik tertua kedua setelah Teknologi militer, dan didefinisikan untuk membedakan teknik non-militer dari teknik militer. Teknik sipil melingkupi sektor publik mulai dari departemen pekerjaan umum kota hingga lembaga pemerintah federal, dan di sektor swasta dari perusahaan lokal hingga perusahaan Fortune Global 500."@in . . . . . . . . "\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B66\uFF08\u3069\u307C\u304F\u3053\u3046\u304C\u304F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: civil engineering\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u81EA\u7136\u707D\u5BB3\u7B49\u306E\u793E\u4F1A\u8AB2\u984C\u306E\u89E3\u6C7A\u304A\u3088\u3073\u74B0\u5883\u306E\u5275\u9020\u30FB\u7DAD\u6301\u767A\u5C55\u3092\u76EE\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u57FA\u76E4\u3092\u6574\u5099\u3059\u308B\u5DE5\u5B66\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E3B\u306A\u5BFE\u8C61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9244\u9053\u3001\u9053\u8DEF\u3001\u6A4B\u6881\u3001\u30C8\u30F3\u30CD\u30EB\u3001\u6E2F\u6E7E\u3001\u7A7A\u6E2F\u3001\u6D77\u5CB8\u3001\u6CB3\u5DDD\u3001\u30C0\u30E0\u3001\u5EC3\u68C4\u7269\u51E6\u7406\u3001\u6C34\u9053\uFF08\u4E0A\u6C34\u9053\u3001\u5DE5\u696D\u7528\u6C34\u9053\u3001\u4E0B\u6C34\u9053\uFF09\u3001\u7802\u9632\u3001\u571F\u6728\u666F\u89B3\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B66\u90E8\u5206\u306E\u767A\u96FB\u65BD\u8A2D\u3001\u901A\u4FE1\u65BD\u8A2D\u3001\u74B0\u5883\u4FDD\u5168\u3001\u9020\u6210\u3001\u4EA4\u901A\u3001\u56FD\u571F\u8A08\u753B\u306A\u3069\u3082\u542B\u307E\u308C\u3001\u5BFE\u8C61\u306F\u591A\u5C90\u306B\u308F\u305F\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u3089\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u5DFB\u304F\u4EBA\u5DE5\u7269\u306F\u7DCF\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u300C\u571F\u6728\u69CB\u9020\u7269\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u7684\u306B\u571F\u6728\u69CB\u9020\u7269\u306F\u3001\u516C\u5171\u4E8B\u696D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5EFA\u8A2D\u3055\u308C\u3001\u9577\u671F\u9593\u306B\u6E21\u3063\u3066\u793E\u4F1A\u30FB\u7D4C\u6E08\u6D3B\u52D5\u3092\u652F\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Con tecnica delle costruzioni (che comprende una parte di tecnologia delle costruzioni) si intende quella disciplina, afferente all'Architettura; studia i materiali le tecniche e l'ingegneria necessaria per realizzare un manufatto. Differisce dalla che studia invece le Scienze necessarie per la staticit\u00E0 dell'edificio enon solo."@it . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Civil engineering)\u200F \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0635\u0645\u064A\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0625\u0645\u062F\u0627\u062F \u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0636\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062F\u0648\u062F \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062A \u0623\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064A\u062C\u0648\u0632 \u062D\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0645\u062A\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0627\u0646\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bautechnik ist der Sammelbegriff f\u00FCr die technisch-konstruktiven Aspekte des Bauwesens."@de . . . "La ingenier\u00EDa civil es la disciplina de la ingenier\u00EDa que emplea conocimientos de c\u00E1lculo, mec\u00E1nica, hidr\u00E1ulica y f\u00EDsica para encargarse del dise\u00F1o, construcci\u00F3n y mantenimiento de las infraestructuras emplazadas en el entorno, incluyendo carreteras, ferrocarriles, puentes, canales, presas, puertos, aeropuertos, diques y otras construcciones relacionadas.\u200B\u200B\u200B La ingenier\u00EDa civil es la m\u00E1s antigua despu\u00E9s de la ingenier\u00EDa militar,\u200B de ah\u00ED su nombre para distinguir las actividades civiles con las militares.\u200B Tradicionalmente ha sido dividida en varias subdisciplinas incluyendo ingenier\u00EDa ambiental, ingenier\u00EDa sanitaria, ingenier\u00EDa geot\u00E9cnica, geof\u00EDsica, geodesia, ingenier\u00EDa estructural, ingenier\u00EDa del transporte, ciencias de la Tierra, urbanismo, ordenaci\u00F3n del territorio, ingenier\u00EDa hidr\u00E1ulica, ecolog\u00EDa, biolog\u00EDa y microbiolog\u00EDa, ciencia de materiales, gesti\u00F3n costera\u200B, ingenier\u00EDa de la construcci\u00F3n e ingenier\u00EDa de la edificaci\u00F3n.\u200B El ingeniero civil ocupa puestos en pr\u00E1cticamente todos los niveles: en el sector p\u00FAblico desde el \u00E1mbito municipal al gubernamental y en el \u00E1mbito privado desde los peque\u00F1os consultores aut\u00F3nomos que trabajan en casa hasta los contratados en grandes compa\u00F1\u00EDas internacionales."@es . . "\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043B\u044C, \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F\u0441\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Civil engineering"@en . . . "Civiele techniek is de toegepaste wetenschap die zich richt op ontwerp, constructie en beheer van de gebouwde omgeving (Built Environment). Daaronder vallen onder meer infrastructuur, bruggen, tunnels en dijken. Ook het droogleggen van wateren en bouwen in, op of aan het water is onderdeel van civiele techniek. Het vakgebied levert een bijdrage aan onder andere verduurzaming van mobiliteit, oplossingen voor het omgaan met klimaatverandering en de energietransitie. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn duurzame mobiliteitsvormen, het omgaan met zeespiegelstijging en het aanleggen van windmolenparken."@nl . "Brainse innealt\u00F3ireachta a bhaineann le dearadh is t\u00F3g\u00E1il oibreacha poibl\u00ED: foirgnimh, droichid, toll\u00E1in, uiscebheala\u00ED, can\u00E1lacha, sr\u00E1ideanna is b\u00F3ithre, c\u00F3rais s\u00E9arachais, iarnr\u00F3id, agus aerfoirt. Tagann innealt\u00F3ireacht strucht\u00FArtha, shl\u00E1int\u00EDoch is hiodr\u00E1lach san \u00E1ireamh. Is g\u00E1 eolas a bheith ag innealt\u00F3ir\u00ED sibhialta ar \u00E1bhair is trealamh t\u00F3g\u00E1la, ithreacha is carraigeacha chun bunsraith chu\u00ED a th\u00F3g\u00E1il, obair t\u00F3g\u00E1la a dh\u00E9anamh faoin talamh is faoin uisce, agus earra\u00ED d\u00E9anta, cos\u00FAil le gluaiste\u00E1in, traenacha, eitle\u00E1in is eile. Tagann r\u00EDomhaireacht go m\u00F3r sa sc\u00E9al freisin i gc\u00FArsa\u00ED deartha, t\u00E1st\u00E1la is d\u00E9anta, agus an r\u00E9altacht fh\u00EDor\u00FAil chun mionsamhlacha foirgneamh is strucht\u00FAr eile a ini\u00FAchadh roimh a dt\u00F3g\u00E1il. Chum an t-innealt\u00F3ir Sasanach John Smeaton (1724-1794) an t\u00E9arma \u2018innealt\u00F3ireacht shibhialta\u2019 i 1750."@ga . "V\u00E4g- och vattenbyggnad"@sv . . "\u0426\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E"@uk . . . . . . . . "Le g\u00E9nie civil repr\u00E9sente l'ensemble des techniques de constructions civiles. Les ing\u00E9nieurs civils ou ing\u00E9nieurs en g\u00E9nie civil s\u2019occupent de la conception, la r\u00E9alisation, l\u2019exploitation et la r\u00E9habilitation d\u2019ouvrages de construction et d\u2019infrastructures dont ils assurent la gestion afin de r\u00E9pondre aux besoins de la soci\u00E9t\u00E9, tout en assurant la s\u00E9curit\u00E9 du public et la protection de l\u2019environnement. Tr\u00E8s vari\u00E9es, leurs r\u00E9alisations se r\u00E9partissent principalement dans cinq grands domaines d\u2019intervention : structures, g\u00E9otechnique, hydraulique, transport, et environnement. En France et en Suisse notamment, le g\u00E9nie civil est une expression d\u00E9signant les domaines de la construction en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral : \n* les aspects li\u00E9s \u00E0 la stabilit\u00E9 des constructions : l'ouvrage sur le sol o\u00F9 il est implant\u00E9 doit r\u00E9sister durant sa construction et tout au long de sa vie aux diverses sollicitations (le poids propre de l'ouvrage, les charges d'exploitations, les charges climatiques, les s\u00E9ismes, etc.) ; \n* le confort des usagers le cas \u00E9ch\u00E9ant : thermique, visuel en adaptant l'\u00E9clairage \u00E0 l'usage, acoustique (isolation des bruits ext\u00E9rieurs et correction acoustique de l'ambiance int\u00E9rieur), renouvellement de l'air (l'utilisateur doit avoir suffisamment de dioxyg\u00E8ne pour vivre m\u00EAme si le b\u00E2timent est tr\u00E8s \u00E9tanche pour \u00E9viter les d\u00E9perditions thermiques)."@fr . . "In\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa okre\u015Blana tak\u017Ce budownictwem l\u0105dowym i wodnym \u2013 dyscyplina nauk in\u017Cynieryjnych i technicznych kszta\u0142tuj\u0105ca powierzchni\u0119 Ziemi pod potrzeby egzystencji cz\u0142owieka. \u0141\u0105czy w sobie umiej\u0119tno\u015Bci takie jak analizowanie, projektowanie, wznoszenie oraz utrzymanie wszelkich budowli, jak i ich element\u00F3w sk\u0142adowych, a w szczeg\u00F3lno\u015Bci takich konstrukcji i ich element\u00F3w jak mosty, drogi, kana\u0142y, zapory oraz inne budowle, tak\u017Ce te okre\u015Blane budynkami. In\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa wywodzi si\u0119 w linii prostej od staro\u017Cytnej dziedziny opisanej przez Witruwiusza zwanej przez niego samego architektur\u0105. Du\u017Cy wk\u0142ad w rozw\u00F3j wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnej in\u017Cynierii l\u0105dowej ma dziedzina okre\u015Blana jako in\u017Cynieria wojskowa."@pl . . . . . . . . . "L'enginyeria civil \u00E9s una \u00E0mplia branca de l'enginyeria que tracta amb temes tan diversos com el disseny, la construcci\u00F3 i la d'obres p\u00FAbliques i estructures fixes diverses, la urban\u00EDstica i els , el transport, el terreny, la hidr\u00E0ulica, la hidrologia, les costes i els ports i la potabilitzaci\u00F3 i depuraci\u00F3 d'aig\u00FCes. Com totes les enginyeries, l'enginyeria civil s'ha desenvolupat a partir de l'observaci\u00F3 de les maneres en qu\u00E8 reaccionen els sistemes. A partir d'aquestes observacions, es proposen i per a descriure els fen\u00F2mens observats. La denominaci\u00F3 enginyeria civil s'usa des dels inicis del segle xix, tot i que aquesta branca de l'enginyeria ha estat practicada des de molt abans, sent practicada per l'enginyeria militar (en l'\u00E8poca romana ja es constru\u00EFen camins, canals i ports). Al llarg del segle xviii, la majoria de monarquies europees (Fran\u00E7a en va ser la pionera) havien format grups de militars especialitzats en la construcci\u00F3 de camins, ponts i ports i en la millora de l'armament. Cap a la fi del segle xviii, Jean-Rodolphe Perronet fund\u00E0 la primera escola especialitzada totalment independent de l'ex\u00E8rcit (d'aqu\u00ED, l'adjectiu civil): l'\u00C9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00E9es (Escola de Ponts i Cal\u00E7ades) de Par\u00EDs. A poc a poc altres enginyers militars d'altres indrets anaren fundant escoles civils als seus respectius pa\u00EFsos, com Agust\u00EDn de Betancourt, que fund\u00E0 la Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos de Madrid el 1802."@ca . . . . . "38926"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bautechnik ist der Sammelbegriff f\u00FCr die technisch-konstruktiven Aspekte des Bauwesens."@de . . "\uD1A0\uBAA9\uACF5\uD559(\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B78, \uC601\uC5B4: civil engineering)\uC740 \uC778\uB958 \uBB38\uBA85 \uBC1C\uB2EC\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC774 \uB418\uB294 \uC790\uC5F0 \uBC0F \uC0AC\uD68C\uC758 \uAC01\uC885 \uC7AC\uD574\uC640 \uACF5\uD574\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC778\uB958\uB97C \uBCF4\uC804\uD558\uBA70, \uAD6D\uD1A0 \uD658\uACBD\uC744 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAC1C\uC870\uD558\uC5EC \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uC0DD\uD65C\uC5D0 \uB354 \uCF8C\uC801\uD558\uACE0 \uC720\uC6A9\uD558\uAC8C \uC4F8 \uC218 \uC788\uB3C4\uB85D \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uACE0, \uC778\uAC04\uACFC \uC790\uC5F0\uC758 \uACF5\uC874\uC744 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD558\uACE0 \uAE30\uC220\uACFC \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uC870\uD654\uB97C \uD604\uC2E4\uD654\uD558\uC5EC \uC778\uAC04\uC0DD\uD65C\uC758 \uAE30\uBC18\uC744 \uAD6C\uCD95\uD558\uACE0, \uC778\uB958\uC758 \uBB38\uBA85\uC744 \uC2E4\uD604\uD558\uC5EC \uC0AC\uD68C\uB97C \uC720\uC9C0\uD558\uB294 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uD559\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uD1A0\uBAA9\uACF5\uD559\uC740 '\uC124\uACC4, \uAC74\uCD95, \uC2DC\uACF5' \uB4F1\uACFC \uAD00\uB828\uD558\uC5EC \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAC70\uB300\uD55C \uAC74\uCD95\uBB3C/\uC870\uD615\uBB3C/\uC2DC\uC124\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4\uB0B4\uACE0, \uC720\uC9C0\uD558\uB294 \uC77C\uCCB4\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uACFC \uAE30\uC220\uC744 \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4.."@ko . . . . . . . . . "\u571F\u6728\u5DE5\u5B66"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "1122703260"^^ . "5762"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Stavebnictv\u00ED je specializovan\u00E9 hospod\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9 odv\u011Btv\u00ED zab\u00FDvaj\u00EDc\u00ED se stavbami."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . "G\u00E9nie civil"@fr . "Konstruin\u011Denieriko"@eo . "Das Bauingenieurwesen ist eine Ingenieurwissenschaft, die sich mit Konzeption, Planung, Entwurf, Konstruktion, Berechnung, Herstellung und dem Betrieb von Bauwerken des Hoch-, Verkehrs-, Tief- und Wasserbaus auseinandersetzt. In diesem Zusammenhang werden ebenfalls Fragen des technischen Umweltschutzes behandelt, beispielsweise L\u00E4rmschutz, Gew\u00E4sser- und Bodenschutz sowie zugeh\u00F6rige Schadstoffuntersuchungen."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Con tecnica delle costruzioni (che comprende una parte di tecnologia delle costruzioni) si intende quella disciplina, afferente all'Architettura; studia i materiali le tecniche e l'ingegneria necessaria per realizzare un manufatto. Differisce dalla che studia invece le Scienze necessarie per la staticit\u00E0 dell'edificio enon solo."@it . "\u0426\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E (\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F, \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. civil engineering) \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043B\u0443\u0437\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . "Innealt\u00F3ireacht shibhialta"@ga . . "Ingeniaritza zibila edo herri-lanen ingeniaritza obra publikoekin zerikusia duen ingeniaritza adarrari esaten zaio. Besteak beste, zubi, errepide, trenbide, urtegi, portu, ur-horniketa eta horien pareko elementuen ingeniaritza lanei dagokie. Alor asko jorratzen dituen ingeniaritza da, lehenengoetako ingeniaritza izaki. Ingeniari zibilak dira ingeniaritza arlo hau garatzen duten pertsonak. Hegoaldean Portu, Ubide eta Bide ingeniari bezala dira ezagunak, gazteleraz hala deitzen baitzaie (Caminos, Canales y Puertos). Iparraldean berriz Zubi eta Errepide ingeniaria (Ponts et Chauss\u00E9es)."@eu .