"Sonnenw\u00E4rmekraftwerk"@de . "Une centrale solaire thermodynamique \u00E0 concentration (ou centrale solaire thermique \u00E0 concentration ou encore h\u00E9liothermodynamique), en anglais CSP (pour concentrated solar power) est un site industriel qui concentre les rayons du Soleil \u00E0 l'aide de miroirs afin de chauffer un fluide caloporteur, lequel permet en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral de produire de l'\u00E9lectricit\u00E9. Ce type de centrale permet, en stockant ce fluide dans un r\u00E9servoir, de prolonger le fonctionnement de la centrale plusieurs heures au-del\u00E0 du coucher du Soleil. Diff\u00E9rents types de centrales sont distingu\u00E9s selon la forme des miroirs (plats ou courb\u00E9s) et la distribution du fluide caloporteur (ponctuelle ou lin\u00E9aire)."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . "Tenaga surya terkonsentrasi (bahasa Inggris: Concentrated solar power) (juga disebut panas surya terkonsentrasi, dan CSP) menghasilkan tenaga surya dengan menggunakan cermin atau lensa untuk memusatkan banyak sinar matahari ke area kecil. Listrik dihasilkan ketika cahaya terkonsentrasi diubah menjadi panas (energi panas matahari) yang menggerakkan mesin kalor (biasanya turbin uap) yang terhubung ke generator tenaga listrik atau menggerakkan reaksi termokimia (eksperimental Hingga 2013)."@in . . . "Trasformare in redirect a Impianto solare termodinamico I sistemi a concentrazione solare permettono di convertire l'energia solare in energia termica, sfruttando la riflessione dei raggi solari ottenuta attraverso superfici riflettenti (sostanzialmente degli specchi), per concentrarla su un ricevitore di dimensioni contenute. In genere il calore viene convertito in energia meccanica tramite un motore termico (tipicamente una turbina a vapore) al cui asse motore \u00E8 collegato (solidalmente o tramite una trasmissione meccanica) l'asse di un generatore elettrico. Per una definizione normativa si rimanda (Solar energy \u2014 collettore a concentrazione: collettore solare che utilizza riflettori, lenti o altri elementi ottici atti a reindirizzare e concentrare l'energia solare che passa attraverso l'"@it . "\u805A\u5149\u592A\u9633\u80FD\u70ED\u53D1\u7535"@zh . . . "Concentrated solar power (CSP, also known as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight into a receiver. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat (solar thermal energy), which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator or powers a thermochemical reaction."@en . "260"^^ . . . . "Concentrazione solare"@it . . . . . "bottom"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Concentrated solar power"@en . . "\u0413\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u2026 \u0456 \u043B\u0430\u0442. con \u2014 \u00AB\u0437, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C\u00BB, \u043B\u0430\u0442. centrum \u2014 \u00AB\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440, \u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043A\u00BB) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0421\u043E\u043D\u0446\u044F; \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 \u0443 100-10 000 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043B \u0447\u0438 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0437, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C (\u0444\u043E\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C) \u0441\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456."@uk . . . . . . . "Tenaga surya terkonsentrasi"@in . . . . . . . "\u805A\u5149\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u71B1\u767C\u96FB\uFF08\u6216\u7A31\u805A\u7126\u578B\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u71B1\u767C\u96FB\uFF0C\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AConcentrated solar power\uFF0C\u7E2E\u5BEB\uFF1ACSP\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u96C6\u71B1\u5F0F\u7684\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u7CFB\u7D71\u3002\u5B83\u4F7F\u7528\u53CD\u5C04\u93E1\u6216\u900F\u93E1\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5B78\u539F\u7406\u5C07\u5927\u9762\u7A4D\u7684\u967D\u5149\u532F\u805A\u5230\u4E00\u500B\u76F8\u5C0D\u7D30\u5C0F\u7684\u96C6\u5149\u5340\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4EE4\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u96C6\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5728\u767C\u96FB\u6A5F\u4E0A\u7684\u96C6\u5149\u5340\u53D7\u592A\u967D\u5149\u7167\u5C04\u800C\u6EAB\u5EA6\u4E0A\u5347\uFF0C\u7531\u5149\u71B1\u8F49\u63DB\u539F\u7406\u4EE4\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u63DB\u5316\u70BA\u71B1\u80FD\uFF0C\u71B1\u80FD\u901A\u904E\u71B1\u6A5F\uFF08\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u84B8\u6C7D\u6E26\u8F2A\u767C\u52D5\u6A5F\uFF09\u4F5C\u529F\u9A45\u52D5\u767C\u96FB\u6A5F\uFF0C\u5F9E\u800C\u7522\u751F\u7684\u96FB\u529B\u3002 CSP\u5DF2\u88AB\u5EE3\u6CDB\u7684\u5546\u696D\u5316\uFF0C\u4E26\u4E14\u5F9E2007\u5E74\u81F32010\u5E74\u5E74\u5E95\uFF0CCSP\u5E02\u5834\u5DF2\u7D93\u51FA\u73FE\u4E86\u7D04740 MW\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\u7684\u589E\u52A0\u3002\u57282010\u5E74\uFF0C\u8D85\u904E\u4E00\u534A\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\uFF08\u7D04478 MW\uFF09\u5DF2\u88AB\u5B89\u88DD\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5176\u5168\u7403\u7E3D\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\u9054\u52301095 MW\u3002\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u57282010\u5E74\u589E\u52A0\u4E86400 MW\uFF0C\u4EE5\u7E3D\u7684632 MW\u9818\u5148\u4E86\u5168\u7403\uFF0C\u800C\u7F8E\u570B\u622A\u81F3\u540C\u4E00\u5E74\u5E74\u5E95\u589E\u52A0\u4E8678 MW\uFF0C\u9054\u5230\u4E86\u7E3D\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\u7232509 MW\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u62EC\u5169\u500B\u5316\u77F3\u71C3\u6599-CSP\u6DF7\u5408\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u3002\u4E2D\u6771\u4E5F\u63D0\u5347\u4ED6\u5011\u7684\u5B89\u88DD\u57FA\u65BCCSP\u9805\u76EE\u7684\u8A08\u5283\uFF0C\u4E26\u4F5C\u70BA\u8A72\u8A08\u5283\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u6700\u5927\u7684CSP\u9805\u76EEShams-I\u5DF2\u88AB\u99AC\u65AF\u9054\u723E\uFF08MASDAR\uFF09\u5B89\u88DD\u5728\u963F\u5E03\u624E\u6BD4\u5E02\u3002 CSP\u4E0D\u6703\u53D7\u5230\u96F2\u5C64\u5E72\u64FE\uFF0C\u5176\u4F9B\u96FB\u6642\u9593\u70BA\u7528\u96FB\u9AD8\u5CF0\uFF0C\u8A31\u591ACSP\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F7F\u7528\u7194\u9E7D\u5132\u71B1\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u5728\u6C92\u6709\u65E5\u7167\u5F8C\u6578\u5C0F\u6642\u4ECD\u6703\u767C\u96FB\uFF0C\u5132\u71B1\u91CF\u4E5F\u4E0D\u9700\u592A\u9AD8\uFF0C\u5728\u6DF1\u591C\u53CA\u51CC\u6668\u53EF\u4EE5\u505C\u6B62\u767C\u96FB\uFF0C\u4F46\u6B64\u6642\u7528\u96FB\u91CF\u8F03\u4F4E\uFF08\u4F7F\u7528\u57FA\u8F09\u96FB\u529B\u5C31\u53EF\u6EFF\u8DB3\uFF09\uFF0C\u9019\u6A23\u7684CSP\u5C31\u5DF2\u7D93\u5F88\u5BE6\u7528\uFF0C\u5728\u975E\u9AD8\u5CF0\u6642\u9593\uFF0CCSP\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u91CF\u53EF\u4EE5\u4F9D\u9700\u6C42\u8ABF\u7BC0\uFF08\u53EF\u4EE5\u5728\u77ED\u6642\u9593\u5167\u505C\u6B62\u767C\u96FB\u3001\u6B64\u6642\u805A\u96C6\u7684\u71B1\u91CF\u6703\u5B8C\u5168\u5132\u5B58\u65BC\u7194\u9E7D\u5167\uFF09\uFF0C\u5F48\u6027\u751A\u81F3\u6BD4\u5929\u7136\u6C23\u767C\u96FB\u9084\u8981\u9AD8\u3002 CSP\u9810\u8A08\u5C07\u4EE5\u5FEB\u901F\u7684\u6B65\u4F10\u7E7C\u7E8C\u589E\u9577\u3002\u622A\u81F32011\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u5728\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5EFA\u8A2D\u53E6\u5916946MW\u7684\u5BB9\u91CF\uFF0C\u4F7F\u65B0\u5BB9\u91CF\u7E3D\u8A08\u70BA1,789MW\uFF0C\u9810\u8A08\u52302013\u5E74\u5E95\u524D\u6295\u5165\u71DF\u904B\u3002\u5728\u7F8E\u570B\u6709\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u76841.5GW\u7684\u62CB\u7269\u7DDA\u69FD\u5F0F\u548C\u767C\u96FB\u5854\u5F0F\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u6B63\u5728\u5EFA\u8A2D\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5E76\u9084\u6709\u7C3D\u8A02\u4E86\u81F3\u5C116.2GW\u7684\u5408\u540C\u3002\u5728\u5317\u975E\u548C\u4E2D\u6771\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u5370\u5EA6\u548C\u4E2D\u570B\u4E5F\u5B58\u5728\u986F\u8457\u7684\u8208\u8DA3\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5E02\u5834\u4E00\u76F4\u88AB\u62CB\u7269\u7DDA\u69FD\u5F0F\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u4F54\u64DA\u8457\uFF0C\u4F54\u4E8690\uFF05\u7684CSP\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629"@ar . "\uC9D1\uAD11\uD615 \uD0DC\uC591\uAD11 \uBC1C\uC804(CSP, Concentrated solar power)\uC740 \uD0DC\uC591\uAD11\uC744 \uAC70\uC6B8\uB85C \uBC18\uC0AC\uC2DC\uCF1C \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370 \uC9D1\uAD11\uD0D1\uC5D0 \uC9D1\uAD11\uC744 \uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uAE30\uB97C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uD558\uB294 \uBC1C\uC804\uC18C\uB2E4."@ko . "Syst\u00E9my koncentrovan\u00E9 slune\u010Dn\u00ED energie (CSP) vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED slune\u010Dn\u00ED energii pomoc\u00ED zrcadel nebo \u010Do\u010Dek, kter\u00E9 soust\u0159e\u010Fuj\u00ED velkou plochu slune\u010Dn\u00EDho sv\u011Btla do jednoho bodu. Elekt\u0159ina se vyr\u00E1b\u00ED, kdy\u017E se koncentrovan\u00E9 sv\u011Btlo p\u0159em\u011Bn\u00ED na teplo (slune\u010Dn\u00ED tepelnou energii), kter\u00E9 poh\u00E1n\u00ED tepeln\u00FD motor (obvykle parn\u00ED turb\u00EDnu) p\u0159ipojen\u00FD ke gener\u00E1toru elektrick\u00E9 energie. nebo poh\u00E1n\u00ED termochemickou reakci."@cs . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Una central termoel\u00E9ctrica solar o central termosolar es una instalaci\u00F3n industrial en la que, a partir del calentamiento de un fluido mediante radiaci\u00F3n solar y su uso en un ciclo termodin\u00E1mico convencional, se produce la potencia necesaria para mover un alternador para generaci\u00F3n de energ\u00EDa el\u00E9ctrica como en una central termoel\u00E9ctrica cl\u00E1sica."@es . . "Termisk solkraft (engelska: Concentrated solar power, CSP) \u00E4r ett solenergisystem som anv\u00E4nder linser eller speglar f\u00F6r att koncentrera solljuset fr\u00E5n ett st\u00F6rre omr\u00E5de p\u00E5 en liten yta. Det koncentrerade ljuset v\u00E4rmer upp n\u00E5got medium i den mottagande ytan, som i sin tur driver en v\u00E4rmemaskin (vanligen en \u00E5ngturbin) som \u00E4r kopplad till en elektrisk generator. Termisk solkraft skall inte f\u00F6rv\u00E4xlas med solceller, d\u00E4r solenergin konverteras direkt till elektrisk energi utan anv\u00E4ndning av n\u00E5gon v\u00E4rmemaskin. Det f\u00F6rekommer \u00E4ven anl\u00E4ggningar d\u00E4r solljuset koncentreras p\u00E5 ytan av solceller, p\u00E5 liknande s\u00E4tt som vid termisk solkraft. Dessa kallas (concentrated photovoltaics). Termisk solkraft f\u00F6ruts\u00E4tter koncentrering av solljuset, vilket i sin tur endast \u00E4r m\u00F6jligt med direkt solstr\u00E5lning och inte med diffust solljus. Prestanda f\u00F6r anordningar f\u00F6r CSP f\u00F6rs\u00E4mras kraftigt av moln och skuggning, mycket mer \u00E4n vad som \u00E4r fallet med enkla solceller, och passar d\u00E4rf\u00F6r b\u00E4st p\u00E5 platser med mycket l\u00E5g molnighet. Dock kan termisk solkraft konstrueras med termiska lager vilket m\u00F6jligg\u00F6r fortsatt energiproduktion n\u00E5gon tid efter att solljuset f\u00F6rsvunnit eller skuggats."@sv . . . . . . . . . "\uC9D1\uAD11\uD615 \uD0DC\uC591\uAD11 \uBC1C\uC804(CSP, Concentrated solar power)\uC740 \uD0DC\uC591\uAD11\uC744 \uAC70\uC6B8\uB85C \uBC18\uC0AC\uC2DC\uCF1C \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370 \uC9D1\uAD11\uD0D1\uC5D0 \uC9D1\uAD11\uC744 \uD558\uC5EC \uC804\uAE30\uB97C \uC0DD\uC0B0\uD558\uB294 \uBC1C\uC804\uC18C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "left"@en . . . . . . . . . "\uC9D1\uAD11\uD615 \uD0DC\uC591\uAD11 \uBC1C\uC804"@ko . . . "\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062D\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062D\u0629 \u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629. \u062A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u064F\u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u062D\u0631\u0643 \u062D\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062F \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629."@ar . . "Central termoel\u00E9ctrica solar"@es . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u2026 \u0456 \u043B\u0430\u0442. con \u2014 \u00AB\u0437, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C\u00BB, \u043B\u0430\u0442. centrum \u2014 \u00AB\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440, \u043E\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043A\u00BB) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0421\u043E\u043D\u0446\u044F; \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 \u0443 100-10 000 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0434\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043B \u0447\u0438 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0437, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C (\u0444\u043E\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C) \u0441\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456. \u0413\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E (\u0412\u0420\u0415 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0457, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043C, \u0422. \u041F. \u0411\u044E\u0444\u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C[\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438], \u0410. \u041B. \u041B\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0430\u0437\u044C\u0454). \u0412 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C 10 \u043C \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E 1946 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043A\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456. \u041F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u0456 \u0439\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0443 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0456 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0457. \u0423 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434, 1968 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0447 \u0437 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0456\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C 54 \u043C."@uk . . . . . . "Chart | bar-chart\n | width = 320\n | height = 350\n | group 1 = 14 : 74 : 74 : 74 : 74 : 274 : 354 : 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354: 354 : 355 : 429 : 484 : 663 : 969 : 1598 : 2553 : 3425 : 4335 : 4705 : 4815 : 4915 : 5465 : 6451\n | colors = maroon\n | group names =\n | units suffix = _MW\n | x legends = 1984 : : : : : : 1990: : : : : 1995 : : : : : 2000 : : : : : 2005 : : : : : 2010 : : : : : 2015 : : : :"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Trasformare in redirect a Impianto solare termodinamico I sistemi a concentrazione solare permettono di convertire l'energia solare in energia termica, sfruttando la riflessione dei raggi solari ottenuta attraverso superfici riflettenti (sostanzialmente degli specchi), per concentrarla su un ricevitore di dimensioni contenute. In genere il calore viene convertito in energia meccanica tramite un motore termico (tipicamente una turbina a vapore) al cui asse motore \u00E8 collegato (solidalmente o tramite una trasmissione meccanica) l'asse di un generatore elettrico. Per una definizione normativa si rimanda (Solar energy \u2014 collettore a concentrazione: collettore solare che utilizza riflettori, lenti o altri elementi ottici atti a reindirizzare e concentrare l'energia solare che passa attraverso l'apertura sopra un assorbitore."@it . . . . . . . . "Worldwide CSP capacity since 1984 in MWp"@en . 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0638 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440"@ru . . . . "Koncentrovan\u00E1 sol\u00E1rn\u00ED energie"@cs . "1123889596"^^ . . . . . . "Une centrale solaire thermodynamique \u00E0 concentration (ou centrale solaire thermique \u00E0 concentration ou encore h\u00E9liothermodynamique), en anglais CSP (pour concentrated solar power) est un site industriel qui concentre les rayons du Soleil \u00E0 l'aide de miroirs afin de chauffer un fluide caloporteur, lequel permet en g\u00E9n\u00E9ral de produire de l'\u00E9lectricit\u00E9. Ce type de centrale permet, en stockant ce fluide dans un r\u00E9servoir, de prolonger le fonctionnement de la centrale plusieurs heures au-del\u00E0 du coucher du Soleil. Diff\u00E9rents types de centrales sont distingu\u00E9s selon la forme des miroirs (plats ou courb\u00E9s) et la distribution du fluide caloporteur (ponctuelle ou lin\u00E9aire). La production des centrales solaires thermodynamiques atteignait 13 367 GWh en 2019, soit 0,05 % de la production mondiale d'\u00E9lectricit\u00E9, 51 fois moins que celle du solaire photovolta\u00EFque. Les principaux pays producteurs sont l'Espagne (42,5 %), les \u00C9tats-Unis (26,4 %), l'Afrique du Sud : (11,6 %), le Maroc (8,9 %) et la Chine (8,2 %)."@fr . . . "Ein Sonnenw\u00E4rmekraftwerk oder Solarw\u00E4rmekraftwerk (auch solarthermisches Kraftwerk) ist ein Kraftwerk, das die W\u00E4rme der Sonne als prim\u00E4re Energiequelle verwendet, entweder durch Absorption von deren Strahlung oder durch Nutzung warmer Luft. Solarw\u00E4rmekraftwerke sind insbesondere abzugrenzen von der Photovoltaik, die die Strahlung der Sonne direkt in elektrischen Strom wandelt."@de . "Centrale solaire thermodynamique"@fr . "\u0413\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043E\u0440 (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u2026 \u0438 \u043B\u0430\u0442. con \u2014 \u00AB\u0441, \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u00BB, \u043B\u0430\u0442. centrum \u2014 \u00AB\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0447\u0438\u0435\u00BB) \u2014 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0446\u0430; \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 100-10 000 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043B \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0437, \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 (\u0444\u043E\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445) \u0441\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438. \u0413\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E (\u0411\u0421\u042D \u0443\u043F\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043C, \u0422. \u041F. \u0411\u044E\u0444\u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C[\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C], \u0410. \u041B. \u041B\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0430\u0437\u044C\u0435). \u0412 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C 10 \u043C \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0432 1946 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043A\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0435. \u041F\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044B \u0432\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0432 1968 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0447\u044C \u0441 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C 54 \u043C."@ru . . . . . "Una central termoel\u00E9ctrica solar o central termosolar es una instalaci\u00F3n industrial en la que, a partir del calentamiento de un fluido mediante radiaci\u00F3n solar y su uso en un ciclo termodin\u00E1mico convencional, se produce la potencia necesaria para mover un alternador para generaci\u00F3n de energ\u00EDa el\u00E9ctrica como en una central termoel\u00E9ctrica cl\u00E1sica."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "Termisk solkraft (engelska: Concentrated solar power, CSP) \u00E4r ett solenergisystem som anv\u00E4nder linser eller speglar f\u00F6r att koncentrera solljuset fr\u00E5n ett st\u00F6rre omr\u00E5de p\u00E5 en liten yta. Det koncentrerade ljuset v\u00E4rmer upp n\u00E5got medium i den mottagande ytan, som i sin tur driver en v\u00E4rmemaskin (vanligen en \u00E5ngturbin) som \u00E4r kopplad till en elektrisk generator."@sv . . . . . . . "Termisk solkraft"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Tenaga surya terkonsentrasi (bahasa Inggris: Concentrated solar power) (juga disebut panas surya terkonsentrasi, dan CSP) menghasilkan tenaga surya dengan menggunakan cermin atau lensa untuk memusatkan banyak sinar matahari ke area kecil. Listrik dihasilkan ketika cahaya terkonsentrasi diubah menjadi panas (energi panas matahari) yang menggerakkan mesin kalor (biasanya turbin uap) yang terhubung ke generator tenaga listrik atau menggerakkan reaksi termokimia (eksperimental Hingga 2013). CSP memiliki total kapasitas terpasang dunia 5.500 MW pada 2018, naik dari 354 MW pada tahun 2005. Meskipun tidak ada kapasitas baru memasuki operasi komersial di Spanyol sejak 2013, menyumbang hampir setengah dari kapasitas dunia, pada 2.300 MW, menjadikan negara ini pemimpin dunia pada akhir 2018. Amerika Serikat mengikuti dengan 1.740 MW. Ketertarikan juga menonjol di Afrika Utara dan Timur Tengah, serta dan Cina. Pasar global telah didominasi oleh pembangkit cekungan parabolik, yang menyumbang 90% pabrik CSP pada satu waktu. Proyek adalah (392 MW) di Amerika Serikat (yang menggunakan teknologi menara tenaga surya), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Noor / Ouarzazate (360 MW)di Maroko (yang menggunakan ) dan Dhursar (125 MW) di India (yang menggunakan reflektor Fresnel). Dalam kebanyakan kasus, teknologi CSP saat ini tidak dapat bersaing dalam harga dengan panel surya fotovoltaik, yang telah mengalami pertumbuhan besar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir karena penurunan harga dan biaya operasi yang jauh lebih kecil. CSP umumnya membutuhkan sejumlah besar , dan pembangkit energinya turun secara dramatis dengan tutupan awan. Ini berbeda dengan fotovoltaik, yang dapat menghasilkan listrik juga dari pancaran difusi. Namun, keuntungan CSP daripada konversi fotovoltaik adalah bahwa sebagai teknologi termal, pabrik CSP dapat menggabungkan penyimpanan energi termal, yang menyimpan energi baik dalam bentuk panas yang masuk akal, atau sebagai panas laten (misalnya menggunakan garam leleh) yang memungkinkan pembangkit ini untuk terus menghasilkan listrik kapan pun dibutuhkan, baik siang maupun malam hari. Ini membuat CSP menjadi sebuah sumber tenaga surya yang dapat saat dibutuhkan. Ini sangat berharga bagi tempat-tempat yang telah mengalami penetrasi PV yang tinggi, seperti . Hal ini dikarenakan puncak kebutuhan energi saat malam hari meningkat, sedangkan output PV melemah saat matahari terbenam (sebuah fenomena yang disebut sebagai kurva bebek). Pada 2017, CSP mewakili kurang dari 2% kapasitas terpasang pembangkit listrik tenaga surya di seluruh dunia. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penurunan harga pabrik CSP membuat teknologi ini kompetitif dengan pembangkit listrik beban-dasar lainnya menggunakan fosil dan bahan bakar nuklir bahkan dalam kelembaban tinggi dan atmosfer berdebu di permukaan laut, seperti Uni Emirat Arab. Tarif CSP beban dasar di wilayah Atacama Chili yang sangat kering mencapai di bawah \u00A2 5.0 / kWh pada lelang 2017."@in . "Syst\u00E9my koncentrovan\u00E9 slune\u010Dn\u00ED energie (CSP) vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED slune\u010Dn\u00ED energii pomoc\u00ED zrcadel nebo \u010Do\u010Dek, kter\u00E9 soust\u0159e\u010Fuj\u00ED velkou plochu slune\u010Dn\u00EDho sv\u011Btla do jednoho bodu. Elekt\u0159ina se vyr\u00E1b\u00ED, kdy\u017E se koncentrovan\u00E9 sv\u011Btlo p\u0159em\u011Bn\u00ED na teplo (slune\u010Dn\u00ED tepelnou energii), kter\u00E9 poh\u00E1n\u00ED tepeln\u00FD motor (obvykle parn\u00ED turb\u00EDnu) p\u0159ipojen\u00FD ke gener\u00E1toru elektrick\u00E9 energie. nebo poh\u00E1n\u00ED termochemickou reakci. Celkov\u00FD instalovan\u00FD v\u00FDkon CSP v roce 2018 \u010Dinil 5 500 MW, co\u017E je n\u00E1r\u016Fst oproti 354 MW v roce 2005. T\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 polovina sv\u011Btov\u00E9 kapacity p\u0159ipadala na \u0160pan\u011Blsko (2 300 MW), p\u0159esto\u017Ee v zemi nebyla od roku 2013 uvedena do komer\u010Dn\u00EDho provozu \u017E\u00E1dn\u00E1 nov\u00E1 kapacita. N\u00E1sleduj\u00ED Spojen\u00E9 st\u00E1ty s 1 740 MW. Z\u00E1jem je patrn\u00FD tak\u00E9 v severn\u00ED Africe a na Bl\u00EDzk\u00E9m v\u00FDchod\u011B, stejn\u011B jako v Indii a \u010C\u00EDn\u011B. Glob\u00E1ln\u00EDmu trhu zpo\u010D\u00E1tku dominovaly elektr\u00E1rny s parabolick\u00FDm \u017Elabem, kter\u00E9 v jednu chv\u00EDli p\u0159edstavovaly 90 % CSP elektr\u00E1ren. Zhruba od roku 2010 se u nov\u00FDch elektr\u00E1ren up\u0159ednost\u0148uje CSP s centr\u00E1ln\u00ED energetickou v\u011B\u017E\u00ED, a to d\u00EDky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ED teplot\u011B provozu \u2013 a\u017E 565 \u00B0C oproti \u017Elabov\u00E9mu maximu 400 \u00B0C (752 \u00B0F) , kter\u00E1 slibuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ED \u00FA\u010Dinnost. Mezi v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED projekty CSP pat\u0159\u00ED Sol\u00E1rn\u00ED elektr\u00E1rna Ivanpah (392 MW) ve Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1tech, kter\u00E1 vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 v\u011B\u017Eovou technologii sol\u00E1rn\u00ED energie bez tepeln\u00E9ho skladov\u00E1n\u00ED energie, a sol\u00E1rn\u00ED elektr\u00E1rna Ouarzazate v Maroku, kter\u00E1 kombinuje \u017Elabovou a v\u011B\u017Eovou technologii o celkov\u00E9m v\u00FDkonu 510 MW s n\u011Bkolikahodinov\u00FDm skladov\u00E1n\u00EDm energie. Jako elektr\u00E1rna vyr\u00E1b\u011Bj\u00EDc\u00ED tepelnou energii m\u00E1 CSP v\u00EDce spole\u010Dn\u00E9ho s tepeln\u00FDmi elektr\u00E1rnami, jako jsou uheln\u00E9, plynov\u00E9 nebo geoterm\u00E1ln\u00ED. Elektr\u00E1rna CSP m\u016F\u017Ee obsahovat akumulaci tepeln\u00E9 energie, kter\u00E1 uchov\u00E1v\u00E1 energii bu\u010F ve form\u011B citeln\u00E9ho tepla, nebo jako latentn\u00ED teplo (nap\u0159\u00EDklad pomoc\u00ED roztaven\u00E9 soli), co\u017E t\u011Bmto elektr\u00E1rn\u00E1m umo\u017E\u0148uje pokra\u010Dovat ve v\u00FDrob\u011B elekt\u0159iny, kdykoli je pot\u0159eba, ve dne i v noci. D\u00EDky tomu je CSP dispe\u010Derskou formou sol\u00E1rn\u00ED energie. Disponibiln\u00ED obnoviteln\u00E1 energie je zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B cenn\u00E1 v m\u00EDstech, kde je ji\u017E vysok\u00E1 penetrace fotovoltaiky (PV), jako je Kalifornie, proto\u017Ee popt\u00E1vka po elektrick\u00E9 energii dosahuje vrcholu p\u0159i z\u00E1padu slunce pr\u00E1v\u011B v dob\u011B, kdy kapacita PV kles\u00E1 (jev ozna\u010Dovan\u00FD jako kachn\u00ED k\u0159ivka). CSP je \u010Dasto srovn\u00E1v\u00E1na s fotovoltaickou sol\u00E1rn\u00ED energi\u00ED (PV), proto\u017Ee ob\u011B vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED slune\u010Dn\u00ED energii. Zat\u00EDmco fotovoltaika zaznamenala v posledn\u00EDch letech obrovsk\u00FD r\u016Fst d\u00EDky klesaj\u00EDc\u00EDm cen\u00E1m, r\u016Fst sol\u00E1rn\u00ED CSP je pomal\u00FD kv\u016Fli technick\u00FDm pot\u00ED\u017E\u00EDm a vysok\u00FDm cen\u00E1m. V roce 2017 p\u0159edstavovala CSP m\u00E9n\u011B ne\u017E 2 % celosv\u011Btov\u00E9ho instalovan\u00E9ho v\u00FDkonu sol\u00E1rn\u00EDch elektr\u00E1ren, nicm\u00E9n\u011B CSP m\u016F\u017Ee snadn\u011Bji ukl\u00E1dat energii b\u011Bhem noci, \u010D\u00EDm\u017E je konkurenceschopn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED v\u016F\u010Di dispe\u010Dersk\u00FDm gener\u00E1tor\u016Fm a elektr\u00E1rn\u00E1m z\u00E1kladn\u00EDho zat\u00ED\u017Een\u00ED. Projekt DEWA v Dubaji, kter\u00FD (v roce 2019 st\u00E1le ve v\u00FDstavb\u011B), dr\u017Eel v roce 2017 sv\u011Btov\u00FD rekord v nejni\u017E\u0161\u00ED cen\u011B CSP ve v\u00FD\u0161i 73 USD za MWh pro sv\u016Fj 700 MW kombinovan\u00FD projekt \u017Elabov\u00E9 a v\u011B\u017Eov\u00E9 elektr\u00E1rny: 600 MW \u017Elabov\u00E9 elektr\u00E1rny, 100 MW v\u011B\u017Eov\u00E9 elektr\u00E1rny s 15 hodinami ukl\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED tepeln\u00E9 energie denn\u011B. Tarif CSP pro z\u00E1kladn\u00ED zat\u00ED\u017Een\u00ED v extr\u00E9mn\u011B such\u00E9 oblasti Atacama v Chile se v aukc\u00EDch v roce 2017 dostal pod 50 USD/MWh."@cs . . . "\u805A\u5149\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u71B1\u767C\u96FB\uFF08\u6216\u7A31\u805A\u7126\u578B\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u71B1\u767C\u96FB\uFF0C\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AConcentrated solar power\uFF0C\u7E2E\u5BEB\uFF1ACSP\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u96C6\u71B1\u5F0F\u7684\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u7CFB\u7D71\u3002\u5B83\u4F7F\u7528\u53CD\u5C04\u93E1\u6216\u900F\u93E1\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5B78\u539F\u7406\u5C07\u5927\u9762\u7A4D\u7684\u967D\u5149\u532F\u805A\u5230\u4E00\u500B\u76F8\u5C0D\u7D30\u5C0F\u7684\u96C6\u5149\u5340\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4EE4\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u96C6\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5728\u767C\u96FB\u6A5F\u4E0A\u7684\u96C6\u5149\u5340\u53D7\u592A\u967D\u5149\u7167\u5C04\u800C\u6EAB\u5EA6\u4E0A\u5347\uFF0C\u7531\u5149\u71B1\u8F49\u63DB\u539F\u7406\u4EE4\u592A\u967D\u80FD\u63DB\u5316\u70BA\u71B1\u80FD\uFF0C\u71B1\u80FD\u901A\u904E\u71B1\u6A5F\uFF08\u901A\u5E38\u662F\u84B8\u6C7D\u6E26\u8F2A\u767C\u52D5\u6A5F\uFF09\u4F5C\u529F\u9A45\u52D5\u767C\u96FB\u6A5F\uFF0C\u5F9E\u800C\u7522\u751F\u7684\u96FB\u529B\u3002 CSP\u5DF2\u88AB\u5EE3\u6CDB\u7684\u5546\u696D\u5316\uFF0C\u4E26\u4E14\u5F9E2007\u5E74\u81F32010\u5E74\u5E74\u5E95\uFF0CCSP\u5E02\u5834\u5DF2\u7D93\u51FA\u73FE\u4E86\u7D04740 MW\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\u7684\u589E\u52A0\u3002\u57282010\u5E74\uFF0C\u8D85\u904E\u4E00\u534A\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\uFF08\u7D04478 MW\uFF09\u5DF2\u88AB\u5B89\u88DD\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5176\u5168\u7403\u7E3D\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\u9054\u52301095 MW\u3002\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u57282010\u5E74\u589E\u52A0\u4E86400 MW\uFF0C\u4EE5\u7E3D\u7684632 MW\u9818\u5148\u4E86\u5168\u7403\uFF0C\u800C\u7F8E\u570B\u622A\u81F3\u540C\u4E00\u5E74\u5E74\u5E95\u589E\u52A0\u4E8678 MW\uFF0C\u9054\u5230\u4E86\u7E3D\u767C\u96FB\u80FD\u529B\u7232509 MW\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u62EC\u5169\u500B\u5316\u77F3\u71C3\u6599-CSP\u6DF7\u5408\u7684\u767C\u96FB\u5EE0\u3002\u4E2D\u6771\u4E5F\u63D0\u5347\u4ED6\u5011\u7684\u5B89\u88DD\u57FA\u65BCCSP\u9805\u76EE\u7684\u8A08\u5283\uFF0C\u4E26\u4F5C\u70BA\u8A72\u8A08\u5283\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u4E0A\u6700\u5927\u7684CSP\u9805\u76EEShams-I\u5DF2\u88AB\u99AC\u65AF\u9054\u723E\uFF08MASDAR\uFF09\u5B89\u88DD\u5728\u963F\u5E03\u624E\u6BD4\u5E02\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . "Concentrated solar power (CSP, also known as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight into a receiver. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat (solar thermal energy), which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator or powers a thermochemical reaction. CSP had a global total installed capacity of 6,800 MW in 2021, up from 354 MW in 2005. Spain accounted for almost one third of the world's capacity, at 2,300 MW, despite no new capacity entering commercial operation in the country since 2013.The United States follows with 1,740 MW. Interest is also notable in North Africa and the Middle East, as well as China and India. The global market was initially dominated by parabolic-trough plants, which accounted for 90% of CSP plants at one point. Since about 2010, central power tower CSP has been favored in new plants due to its higher temperature operation \u2013 up to 565 \u00B0C (1,049 \u00B0F) vs. trough's maximum of 400 \u00B0C (752 \u00B0F) \u2013 which promises greater efficiency. Among the larger CSP projects are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW) in the United States, which uses solar power tower technology without thermal energy storage, and the Ouarzazate Solar Power Station in Morocco, which combines trough and tower technologies for a total of 510 MW with several hours of energy storage. As a thermal energy generating power station, CSP has more in common with thermal power stations such as coal, gas, or geothermal. A CSP plant can incorporate thermal energy storage, which stores energy either in the form of sensible heat or as latent heat (for example, using molten salt), which enables these plants to continue to generate electricity whenever it is needed, day or night. This makes CSP a dispatchable form of solar. Dispatchable renewable energy is particularly valuable in places where there is already a high penetration of photovoltaics (PV), such as California, because demand for electric power peaks near sunset just as PV capacity ramps down (a phenomenon referred to as duck curve). CSP is often compared to photovoltaic solar (PV) since they both use solar energy. While solar PV experienced huge growth in recent years due to falling prices, Solar CSP growth has been slow due to technical difficulties and high prices. In 2017, CSP represented less than 2% of worldwide installed capacity of solar electricity plants. However, CSP can more easily store energy during the night, making it more competitive with dispatchable generators and baseload plants. The DEWA project in Dubai, under construction in 2019, held the world record for lowest CSP price in 2017 at US$73 per MWh for its 700 MW combined trough and tower project: 600 MW of trough, 100 MW of tower with 15 hours of thermal energy storage daily.Base-load CSP tariff in the extremely dry Atacama region of Chile reached below $50/MWh in 2017 auctions."@en . . . 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"17805223"^^ . . . . . . "88350"^^ . "Ein Sonnenw\u00E4rmekraftwerk oder Solarw\u00E4rmekraftwerk (auch solarthermisches Kraftwerk) ist ein Kraftwerk, das die W\u00E4rme der Sonne als prim\u00E4re Energiequelle verwendet, entweder durch Absorption von deren Strahlung oder durch Nutzung warmer Luft. Solarw\u00E4rmekraftwerke sind insbesondere abzugrenzen von der Photovoltaik, die die Strahlung der Sonne direkt in elektrischen Strom wandelt. Solarkraftwerke, die die Direktstrahlung der Sonne mit Reflektoren (Spiegeln) auf eine kleine Fl\u00E4che b\u00FCndeln, werden im Englischen auch CSP systems (von Concentrated Solar Power) genannt. Sie erreichen eine k\u00FCrzere energetische Amortisationszeit und je nach Bauart auch h\u00F6here Wirkungsgrade als Photovoltaikanlagen, haben jedoch h\u00F6here Betriebs- und Wartungskosten und erfordern eine bestimmte Mindestgr\u00F6\u00DFe. Sie sind nur in sonnenreichen Regionen der Erde mit hoher direkter Sonneneinstrahlung wirtschaftlich einsetzbar. Sonnenw\u00E4rmekraftwerke hatten zun\u00E4chst niedrigere spezifische Investitionskosten pro installiertes Kilowatt als Photovoltaik\u00ADanlagen; durch den sehr starken Preisr\u00FCckgang bei Solarmodulen ab 2011 haben mittlerweile aber Photovoltaikanlagen niedrigere Stromgestehungskosten. Da sich bei Sonnenw\u00E4rmekraftwerken aber leicht g\u00FCnstige W\u00E4rmespeicher oder auch Brenner f\u00FCr chemische Brennstoffe installieren lassen, die diese Kraftwerke grundlastf\u00E4hig machen, werden ihre Systemkosten langfristig geringer als bei Photovoltaikanlagen eingesch\u00E4tzt, womit sie in sp\u00E4teren Phasen der Energiewende eine wichtige Rolle spielen k\u00F6nnten. Auch der umgekehrte Weg, die Einkopplung von Solarenergie in ein Gas-und-Dampf-Kombikraftwerk, ist m\u00F6glich und wurde erstmals 2011 im algerischen Kraftwerk Hassi R\u2019Mel realisiert."@de . . . . . . .