. . . . . . . . "Metallurgia del rame"@it . "Extraction du cuivre"@fr . . . . "La metalurgia del cobre es un sector espec\u00EDfico de la metalurgia, que se refiere a la t\u00E9cnica relacionada con el tratamiento de los minerales con alto contenido de cobre, con el fin de obtener dicho metal o alguna de sus aleaciones. El cobre est\u00E1 presente en la corteza terrestre en forma de minerales sulfurados y \u00F3xidos, teniendo dos v\u00EDas de tratamiento: el tratamiento pirometal\u00FArgico para los sulfuros y el tratamiento hidrometal\u00FArgico para los \u00F3xidos. El mineral se obtiene del yacimiento mediante el uso de explosivos y maquinaria pesada, y se transporta para su posterior tratamiento. Debido a que los minerales se encuentran asociados a la ganga, se hace necesaria la reducci\u00F3n del tama\u00F1o, de manera que se liberen los granos de mineral desde la matriz.\u200B La reducci\u00F3n de tama\u00F1o es la etapa de mayor consumo energ\u00E9tico, por lo que debe ser \u00F3ptima para asegurar una buena liberaci\u00F3n de las part\u00EDculas y evitar la sobre molienda, que provocar\u00EDa un exceso de consumo, adem\u00E1s de generar part\u00EDculas demasiado finas, que resultan perjudiciales en la etapa global de concentraci\u00F3n."@es . "La m\u00E9tallurgie extractive du cuivre est l\u2019ensemble des op\u00E9rations permettant la fabrication de cuivre m\u00E9tallique \u00E0 partir du minerai, ou plus rarement \u00E0 partir de d\u00E9chets m\u00E9tallurgiques recycl\u00E9s contenant du cuivre (plus de 30 % du cuivre consomm\u00E9 en 2005 est recycl\u00E9). La source la plus commune de minerai de cuivre est la chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) qui repr\u00E9sente plus de 50 % de la production mais on le trouve \u00E9galement sous forme de sulfures dans la t\u00E9tra\u00E9drite, la bornite et l'\u00E9nargite et sous forme d'oxyde dans la cuprite et dans la malachite, l'azurite, la chalcocite. Dans une large mesure, les oxydes de cuivre et les sulfures sont naturellement s\u00E9par\u00E9s. Aussi il n'est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement pas n\u00E9cessaire de s\u00E9parer les oxydes et les sulfures dans le minerai. La teneur en cuivre dans les minerais varie de 0,5 % \u00E0 5 %. Elle est de 0,01 % dans les roches volcaniques et 0,0055 % dans les roches cristallines. Pour des raisons environnementales et \u00E9conomiques, de nombreux sous-produits sont r\u00E9cup\u00E9r\u00E9s. Le dioxyde de soufre gazeux par exemple est transform\u00E9 en acide sulfurique qui est lui-m\u00EAme utilis\u00E9 dans le processus d'extraction."@fr . . "Kupferraffination bezeichnet ein technisches Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Reinigung von Kupfer."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La metalurgia del cobre es un sector espec\u00EDfico de la metalurgia, que se refiere a la t\u00E9cnica relacionada con el tratamiento de los minerales con alto contenido de cobre, con el fin de obtener dicho metal o alguna de sus aleaciones. El cobre est\u00E1 presente en la corteza terrestre en forma de minerales sulfurados y \u00F3xidos, teniendo dos v\u00EDas de tratamiento: el tratamiento pirometal\u00FArgico para los sulfuros y el tratamiento hidrometal\u00FArgico para los \u00F3xidos. El mineral se obtiene del yacimiento mediante el uso de explosivos y maquinaria pesada, y se transporta para su posterior tratamiento. Debido a que los minerales se encuentran asociados a la ganga, se hace necesaria la reducci\u00F3n del tama\u00F1o, de manera que se liberen los granos de mineral desde la matriz.\u200B"@es . . . 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"39775"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Koppar finns i naturen, bundet i malmerna kopparkis och . Vid framst\u00E4llning av koppar anrikas malmerna och v\u00E4rms s\u00E5 att svavel f\u00F6rsvinner. Malmen sm\u00E4lts sedan till r\u00E5koppar, som inneh\u00E5ller 98\u201399 % koppar. Den renas ytterligare genom att \u00E5ter sm\u00E4ltas och blandas med luft. D\u00E5 oxiderar de kvarvarande f\u00F6roreningsresterna och resultatet \u00E4r koppar som \u00E4r n\u00E4stan 100 % ren. Denna artikel om material saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . . "Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. The conversion of copper consists of a series of physical and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The concentrate is typically sold to distant smelters, although some large mines have smelters located nearby. Such colocation of mines and smelters was more typical in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when smaller smelters could be economic."@en . . . . . "Kupferraffination bezeichnet ein technisches Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Reinigung von Kupfer."@de . . . . . . . . "\u9285\u5C71\uFF08\u3069\u3046\u3056\u3093\u3001copper mine\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u9285\u3092\u7523\u51FA\u3059\u308B\u9271\u5C71\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002 \u9285\u306F\u53E4\u4EE3\u306F\u9244\u5668\u767B\u5834\u524D\u306F\u6B66\u5668\u3001\u8FB2\u8015\u5668\u5177\u304B\u3089\u65E5\u5E38\u7528\u54C1\u306B\u81F3\u308B\u307E\u3067\u3001\u9285\u3068\u932B\u3092\u3042\u308F\u305B\u305F\u9752\u9285\u304C\u4E3B\u6D41\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u305D\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u306F\u53E4\u3044\u3002\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u3082\u9285\u306F\u305D\u306E\u5C0E\u96FB\u7387\u306E\u9AD8\u3055\u304B\u3089\u96FB\u6C17\u30B1\u30FC\u30D6\u30EB\u306B\u591A\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u9285\u5C71\u306F\u305D\u306E\u539F\u6599\u3092\u751F\u307F\u51FA\u3059\u8CB4\u91CD\u306A\u5B58\u5728\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. The conversion of copper consists of a series of physical and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. As in all mining operations, the ore must usually be beneficiated (concentrated). The processing techniques depend on the nature of the ore. If the ore is primarily sulfide copper minerals (such as chalcopyrite), the ore is crushed and ground to liberate the valuable minerals from the waste ('gangue') minerals. It is then concentrated using mineral flotation. The concentrate is typically sold to distant smelters, although some large mines have smelters located nearby. Such colocation of mines and smelters was more typical in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when smaller smelters could be economic. The sulfide concentrates are typically smelted in such furnaces as the Outokumpu or Inco flash furnace or the ISASMELT furnace to produce matte, which must be converted and refined to produce anode copper. Finally, the final refining process is electrolysis. For economic and environmental reasons, many of the byproducts of extraction are reclaimed. Sulfur dioxide gas, for example, is captured and turned into sulfuric acid\u2014which can then be used in the extraction process or sold for such purposes as fertiliser manufacture. Oxidised copper ores can be treated by hydrometallurgical extraction."@en . "1122594700"^^ . . . . . . . . "Koppar finns i naturen, bundet i malmerna kopparkis och . Vid framst\u00E4llning av koppar anrikas malmerna och v\u00E4rms s\u00E5 att svavel f\u00F6rsvinner. Malmen sm\u00E4lts sedan till r\u00E5koppar, som inneh\u00E5ller 98\u201399 % koppar. Den renas ytterligare genom att \u00E5ter sm\u00E4ltas och blandas med luft. D\u00E5 oxiderar de kvarvarande f\u00F6roreningsresterna och resultatet \u00E4r koppar som \u00E4r n\u00E4stan 100 % ren. Denna artikel om material saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . "828834"^^ . . . . "Copper extraction"@en . . . . . . . . . . "La metallurgia del rame \u00E8 un settore specifico della metallurgia, che riguarda la tecnica relativa al trattamento dei minerali ad alto contenuto di rame allo scopo di ottenere rame o sue leghe."@it . . . . . . . . . . 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"La m\u00E9tallurgie extractive du cuivre est l\u2019ensemble des op\u00E9rations permettant la fabrication de cuivre m\u00E9tallique \u00E0 partir du minerai, ou plus rarement \u00E0 partir de d\u00E9chets m\u00E9tallurgiques recycl\u00E9s contenant du cuivre (plus de 30 % du cuivre consomm\u00E9 en 2005 est recycl\u00E9)."@fr . 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"Kopparframst\u00E4llning"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La metallurgia del rame \u00E8 un settore specifico della metallurgia, che riguarda la tecnica relativa al trattamento dei minerali ad alto contenuto di rame allo scopo di ottenere rame o sue leghe."@it . . . . "Ekstraksi tembaga"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . "Metalurgia del cobre"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u9285\u5C71"@ja . . . . . . "Kupferraffination"@de . . . . . . .