. . . . . . . . . . . . "Les Covenantaires form\u00E8rent un important mouvement religieux et politique en \u00C9cosse au XVIIe si\u00E8cle. Du point de vue religieux, ce mouvement s'attacha surtout \u00E0 promouvoir et \u00E0 d\u00E9velopper le presbyt\u00E9rianisme, et \u00E0 en faire une forme de gouvernement souhait\u00E9e par le peuple, en opposition avec l'\u00E9piscopalisme, qui avait les faveurs de la couronne. Du point de vue politique, ce mouvement vit d'importantes \u00E9volutions du caract\u00E8re et du fonctionnement du Parlement \u00E9cossais, qui commen\u00E7a \u00E0 se d\u00E9marquer progressivement de ses origines m\u00E9di\u00E9vales. Dans son ensemble, ce mouvement \u00E9tait essentiellement conservateur dans le ton, mais il amor\u00E7a une r\u00E9volution qui embrasa l'\u00C9cosse, l'Angleterre et l'Irlande, et qui fut appel\u00E9e les guerres des Trois Royaumes."@fr . "\u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "Covenanti"@it . . . . . . "Covenanter var en skotskt presbyteriansk r\u00F6relse som spelade en viktig roll i Skottlands historia och i mindre utstr\u00E4ckning i Englands och Irlands under 1600-talet. Covenant eller convenant (av latinets convenire, \u00F6verenskomma) var namnet p\u00E5 de f\u00F6rbund, som de presbyterianska skottarna under 1500- och 1600-talen ingick dels med sina kungar och dels med varandra f\u00F6r att uppr\u00E4tth\u00E5lla sin trosfrihet mot de romerska katolikerna och de episkopala. Speciellt g\u00E4ller beteckningen f\u00F6rbunden av \u00E5r 1581 och 1638."@sv . . . . . . . . . "October 2022"@en . . . . . . . "Als Covenanters (von englisch covenant \u2013 \u201EBundesschluss\u201C) bezeichnet man diejenigen schottischen Gruppierungen, die sich am 28. Februar 1638 in einem Treueeid auf den verpflichteten, f\u00FCr ihre Kirche am Presbyterianismus festzuhalten. Der Eid gilt als direkte Reaktion auf den Versuch von Erzbischof William Laud, das anglikanisch gepr\u00E4gte Book of Common Prayer in der schottischen Staatskirche einzuf\u00FChren. Ziel der Covenanters war, die reformierte Theologie und die presbyterianische Verfassung der Kirche zu st\u00FCtzen. Dazu setzten sie dem bestehenden Episkopat unter den englischen Stuart-K\u00F6nigen Widerstand entgegen. Dabei waren die Covenanters nicht nur durch den Aufstieg der Bundestheologie gepr\u00E4gt, sondern auch von einem demokratischen Impuls f\u00FCr religi\u00F6se Freiheit beseelt, der sich in einer"@de . . . . . . . "Covenantaire"@fr . . . . "\uC5B8\uC57D\uB3C4(Covenanters)\uB294 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C 17\uC138\uAE30\uC758 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B8\uC57D\uC774\uB780 \uAD6C\uC57D\uC131\uACBD\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB2D8\uACFC \uC774\uC2A4\uB77C\uC5D8\uAC04\uC758 \uACC4\uC57D, \uC57D\uC18D\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uC628 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. 1637\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uCC30\uC2A4 1\uC138\uC640 \uCF04\uD130\uBCA0\uB9AC\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD50\uC778 \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uB85C\uB4DC\uAC00 \uB9CC\uB098 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC608\uBC30\uC758\uC2DD\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD68C\uC758\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uD5E8\uB354\uC2A8\uC758 \uB3C4\uC6C0\uC73C\uB85C 1638\uB144 2\uC6D4 28\uC77C\uC5D0 \uC5D0\uB518\uBC84\uB7EC\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uADF8\uB808\uC774\uD504\uB77C\uC774\uC5B4 \uAD50\uD68C\uC815\uC6D0\uC5D0\uC11C\uAD6D\uAC00\uC801 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC774 \uCCB4\uACB0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC740 \uCC30\uC2A4 1\uC138\uC640 \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uB85C\uB4DC\uAC00 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uAD50\uD68C\uB97C \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uC608\uBC30\uD615\uC2DD\uACFC \uAD50\uD68C \uC815\uCE58\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uAC70\uBD80\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC740 \uC655\uC758 \uACE0\uBC31(1581)\uACFC \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uD5E8\uB354\uC2A8\uC758 \uCD94\uAC00\uC801 \uC120\uC5B8\uACFC \uB9F9\uC138\uAC00 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC740 \uAC1C\uD601\uC8FC\uC758 \uC2E0\uC559\uACFC \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uC815\uCE58\uB97C \uC7AC\uD655\uC778\uD558\uACE0 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uB41C \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uAC70\uBD80\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uCD1D\uD68C\uC5D0 \uCC38\uAD00\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uCC38\uC11D\uD588\uB358 6\uBA85\uC758 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uB300\uD45C\uB4E4\uC740 \uB9CE\uC740 \uAE30\uC5EC\uB97C \uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uADF8 \uC774\uD6C4,\uCC44\uD0DD\uB41C \uBB38\uC11C\uB4E4\uC744 \uACF5\uC801 \uADDC\uBC94\uC73C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC558\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC5C4\uC219\uB3D9\uB9F9\uACFC \uC5B8\uC57D\uC73C\uB85C \uCC30\uC2A4 1\uC138\uAC00 \uCC98\uD615\uB418\uACE0, \uD06C\uB86C\uC6F0\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uCC30\uC2A4 2\uC138\uB97C \uCD08\uCCAD\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uADF8\uAC00 \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uD3B8\uC5D0 \uC11C\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0 \uBC30\uBC18\uD558\uC5EC \uC624\uD788\uB824 \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50\uB97C \uD0C4\uC555\uD558\uC790, \uCC30\uC2A4 2\uC138\uC640 \uD56D\uC804\uC5D0 \uB098\uC120\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "InternetArchiveBot"@en . . . . . . "Los Covenanters o Covenants eran los integrantes de un movimiento religioso nacido en el seno del presbiterianismo en la historia de Escocia y, de manera menos influyente, en las de Inglaterra e Irlanda del siglo XVII."@es . "\uC5B8\uC57D\uB3C4"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "Covenanters"@nl . "\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ACovenanters\uFF09\u662F17\u4E16\u7EAA\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u5B97\u6559\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u8FD0\u52A8\u6210\u5458\uFF0C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u652F\u6301\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u957F\u8001\u4F1A\u53CA\u5176\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u5728\u5B97\u6559\u4E8B\u52A1\u4E2D\u5360\u636E\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4F4D\u3002\u8BE5\u540D\u79F0\u6E90\u81EA\u5723\u7ECF\u4E2D\u4E0E\u4E0A\u5E1D\u8BA2\u7ACB\u7684\u201C\u7EA6\u201D\u8FD9\u4E00\u8BF4\u6CD5\u3002\u8BE5\u8FD0\u52A8\u6E90\u81EA\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u5728\u6559\u4E49\u548C\u6559\u4F1A\u7EC4\u7EC7\u4E0A\u4E0E\u82F1\u56FD\u56FD\u738B\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u4E00\u4E16\u548C\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u7684\u77DB\u76FE\u3002 1638\u5E74\uFF0C\u4F17\u591A\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u7B7E\u8BA2\u300A\u6C11\u65CF\u8A93\u7EA6\u300B\u4EE5\u62B5\u5236\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u6559\u4F1A\u6240\u52A0\u7684\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u4E3B\u6559\u6218\u4E89\u540E\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u53D6\u5F97\u4E86\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u7684\u63A7\u5236\u3002 1643\u5E74\uFF0C\u82F1\u56FD\u5185\u6218\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u652F\u6301\u5967\u7ACB\u4F5B\u00B7\u514B\u502B\u5A01\u723E\u4E00\u65B9\uFF0C\u4F461648\u5E74\u53C8\u652F\u6301\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u3002\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u88AB\u514B\u502B\u5A01\u723E\u65AC\u9996\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u53C8\u652F\u6301\u67E5\u7406\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF0C1651\u5E74\u88AB\u51FB\u8D25\uFF0C\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u88AB\u5E76\u5165\u82F1\u5409\u5229\u5171\u548C\u570B\u3002 \u67E5\u7406\u4E8C\u4E16\u91CD\u795A\u540E\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u5931\u53BB\u4E86\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u6559\u4F1A\u7684\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4E4B\u540E\u591A\u6B21\u7206\u53D1\u8D77\u4E49\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "Covenanter"@es . . "I covenanti (in inglese: covenanters) furono un movimento politico e religioso sorto in Scozia nel XVII secolo. Furono cos\u00EC chiamati, durante la Guerra civile inglese, gli Scozzesi seguaci del Covenant (alleanza, patto), una specie di professione di fede religiosa nazionale."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Covenanters (Scottish Gaelic: C\u00F9mhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from Covenant, a biblical term for a bond or agreement with God. The origins of the movement lay in disputes with James VI, and his son Charles I over church structure and doctrine. In 1638, thousands of Scots signed the National Covenant, pledging to resist changes imposed by Charles on the kirk; following victory in the 1639 and 1640 Bishops' Wars, the Covenanters took control of Scotland and the 1643 Solemn League and Covenant brought them into the First English Civil War on the side of Parliament. Following his defeat in May 1646 Charles I surrendered to the Scots Covenanters, rather than Parliament. By doing so, he hoped to exploit divisions between Presbyterians, and English Independents. As a result, the Scots supported Charles in the 1648 Second English Civil War. After his execution in 1649, the Covenanter government, in order to protect the Presbyterian polity and Calvinist doctrine of the Church of Scotland, signed the Treaty of Breda (1650) restoring his son to the Scottish throne and supporting him against the English Parliamentary forces as Charles II . Charles II was crowned King of Scots in Scone in January 1651, but by then the terms agreed at Breda were already a dead letter. The army associated with the Kirk Party under David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar in September 1650 and the English Parliamentarian New Model Army had taken Edinburgh and much of Lowland Scotland. The resulting annexation of Scotland by the Commonwealth of England abolished Scotland's legislative institutions and dis-established Presbyterianism. There was freedom of religion under the Commonwealth, except for Roman Catholics, but the edicts of the Kirk's assemblies were no longer enforced by law, as previously. At his Restoration in 1660 the King reneged, renouncing the terms of the Treaty and his Oath of Covenant; the Scottish Covenanters saw this as a betrayal. The Rescissory Act 1661 repealed all laws made since 1633, effectively ejecting 400 Ministers from their livings, restoring patronage in the appointment of ministers to congregations and allowing the king to proclaim the restoration of bishops to the Church of Scotland. The Abjuration Act of 1662 was a formal rejection of the National Covenant of 1638 and the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643. These were declared to be against the fundamental laws of the kingdom. The Act required all persons taking public office to take the Oath of Abjuration not to take arms against the king, and rejecting the Covenants. This excluded most Presbyterians from holding official positions of trust. The resulting disappointment with Charles II's religious policy became civil unrest and erupted in violence during the early summer of 1679 with the assassination of Archbishop Sharp and the Battles of Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge. The Sanquhar Declaration of 1680 effectively declared the people could not accept the authority of a king who would not commit to his previous oaths, nor recognise their religion. In February 1685 the king died and was succeeded by his Roman Catholic brother, the Duke of York, as King James VII. After the 1660 Restoration, the Covenanters lost control of the kirk and became a persecuted minority, leading to several armed rebellions and a period from 1679 to 1688 known as \"The Killing Time\". Following the 1688 Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Church of Scotland was re-established as a wholly Presbyterian structure and most Covenanters readmitted. This marked the end of their existence as a significant movement, although dissident minorities persisted in Scotland, Ireland, and North America, and exist today as the Reformed Presbyterian communion of churches."@en . . "Los Covenanters o Covenants eran los integrantes de un movimiento religioso nacido en el seno del presbiterianismo en la historia de Escocia y, de manera menos influyente, en las de Inglaterra e Irlanda del siglo XVII."@es . . "De covenanters waren een Schots presbyteriaanse beweging, die in de 17e eeuw een belangrijke rol in de geschiedenis van Schotland, en in mindere mate in die van Engeland en Ierland heeft gespeeld. De naam stamt van de term covenant naar het verbond dat door de Isra\u00EBlieten in het Oude Testament wordt gezworen. Er waren twee belangrijke convenanten in de Schotse geschiedenis, de National Covenant van 1638 en de Solemn League and Covenant in 1643, het laatste was een verdrag tussen Schotland (de Kerk van Schotland) en het Lange Parlement van Engeland. Presbyteriaanse denominaties laten hun geschiedenis vaak met de covenanters beginnen. Zij gebruiken vaak de naam en houden zowel in Schotland als internationaal aan de idee\u00EBn en tradities van de covenanters vast. In Britse epicopaalse kringen werden, en worden, de covenanters ook wel Calvinist Wild Men genoemd, om de zogenaamde 'calvinistische opstandelingen' in Groot-Brittanni\u00EB in de 17e eeuw mee aan te duiden. Men doelde dan op de calvinistische parlementari\u00EBrs en radicalen in Engeland en Schotland en hun aanhang die oppositie voerden tegen de zeer totalitair ingestelde koning Karel I. Men zag deze 'Calvinist Wild Men' als een groep die de status quo op politiek en theologisch gebied in Engeland en Schotland bedreigde."@nl . . "yes"@en . . . . . "Als Covenanters (von englisch covenant \u2013 \u201EBundesschluss\u201C) bezeichnet man diejenigen schottischen Gruppierungen, die sich am 28. Februar 1638 in einem Treueeid auf den verpflichteten, f\u00FCr ihre Kirche am Presbyterianismus festzuhalten. Der Eid gilt als direkte Reaktion auf den Versuch von Erzbischof William Laud, das anglikanisch gepr\u00E4gte Book of Common Prayer in der schottischen Staatskirche einzuf\u00FChren. Ziel der Covenanters war, die reformierte Theologie und die presbyterianische Verfassung der Kirche zu st\u00FCtzen. Dazu setzten sie dem bestehenden Episkopat unter den englischen Stuart-K\u00F6nigen Widerstand entgegen. Dabei waren die Covenanters nicht nur durch den Aufstieg der Bundestheologie gepr\u00E4gt, sondern auch von einem demokratischen Impuls f\u00FCr religi\u00F6se Freiheit beseelt, der sich in einer nationalistischen Sehnsucht nach Freiheit von England ausdr\u00FCckte. Der erste Covenant wurde im Dezember 1557 geschlossen. Eine gro\u00DFe Bedeutung erlangte der Bund von 1581, der auf Initiative von f\u00FCr die Church of Scotland im Kampf gegen eine Rekatholisierung Schottlands formiert wurde. Das 1888 auf der Orkneyinsel Mainland errichtete \u201ECovenanters Memorial\u201C markiert den Punkt, wo etwa 250 Covenanters, Gefangene der , im Jahre 1679 beim Untergang des Schiffes \u201ECrown\u201C ertranken. Sie sollten von Edinburgh nach Amerika transportiert werden, um in den Plantagen als Sklaven zu arbeiten. Die Crown wurde an Land getrieben und die Crew erkletterte \u00FCber den Gro\u00DFmast die Klippen. Der Kapit\u00E4n hatte befohlen, die Luken geschlossen zu halten, doch einem Seemann war es gelungen, 50 Gefangene zu befreien. Diesen \u00DCberlebenden ist die Flucht nach Holland an Bord eines niederl\u00E4ndischen Schiffes gelungen, das in Stromness lag. Ein zweites Covenanters Memorial steht auf dem Schlachtfeld."@de . . . . "Les Covenantaires form\u00E8rent un important mouvement religieux et politique en \u00C9cosse au XVIIe si\u00E8cle. Du point de vue religieux, ce mouvement s'attacha surtout \u00E0 promouvoir et \u00E0 d\u00E9velopper le presbyt\u00E9rianisme, et \u00E0 en faire une forme de gouvernement souhait\u00E9e par le peuple, en opposition avec l'\u00E9piscopalisme, qui avait les faveurs de la couronne. Du point de vue politique, ce mouvement vit d'importantes \u00E9volutions du caract\u00E8re et du fonctionnement du Parlement \u00E9cossais, qui commen\u00E7a \u00E0 se d\u00E9marquer progressivement de ses origines m\u00E9di\u00E9vales. Dans son ensemble, ce mouvement \u00E9tait essentiellement conservateur dans le ton, mais il amor\u00E7a une r\u00E9volution qui embrasa l'\u00C9cosse, l'Angleterre et l'Irlande, et qui fut appel\u00E9e les guerres des Trois Royaumes. Le nom \u00AB Covenantaire \u00BB provient de \u00AB covenant \u00BB, qui est un mot de l'ancien fran\u00E7ais, pass\u00E9 dans le moyen anglais, qui signifiait \u00E0 l'origine \u00AB convention, chose convenue \u00BB, et qui d\u00E9signa, dans la loi anglaise, un accord formel, une promesse solennelle. En \u00C9cosse, le terme prit le sens biblique d'\u00AB Alliance \u00BB ou de \u00AB Promesse \u00BB. Le premier engagement de ce genre fut sign\u00E9 par les \u00C9cossais de toutes les classes, en 1588, lorsque l'Invincible Armada de Philippe II d'Espagne mena\u00E7ait l'Angleterre et la R\u00E9forme. Il contenait une profession de foi protestante, une r\u00E9probation de l'\u00C9glise romaine et un serment de d\u00E9fense mutuelle et d'union. L'\u00E9chec de l'invasion espagnole rendit cette conf\u00E9d\u00E9ration sans objet. Au si\u00E8cle suivant, le National Covenant de 1638, qui prit comme base des documents pr\u00E9c\u00E9dents du m\u00EAme genre, \u00E9tait surtout int\u00E9ress\u00E9 \u00E0 pr\u00E9server la R\u00E9forme \u00E9cossaise de toute innovation issue de la couronne anglaise. Son document jumeau de 1643, Solemn League and Covenant, se pr\u00E9occupait \u00E9galement de religion, m\u00EAme s'il s'agissait principalement d'un trait\u00E9 d'alliance entre les Covenantaires d'\u00C9cosse et le Parlement d'Angleterre, soucieux de se soutenir lors de leur opposition au roi Charles Ier pendant la Premi\u00E8re R\u00E9volution anglaise."@fr . . . . . . "\u30AB\u30F4\u30A7\u30CA\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC"@ja . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Covenanters) \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u00AB\u041D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u00BB 1638 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0432\u0438. \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044B \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 1639\u20141652 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C. \u041F\u043E\u0437\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043C \u041E\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044F (1652\u20141660), \u0430 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (1660\u20141688) \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Covenanter var en skotskt presbyteriansk r\u00F6relse som spelade en viktig roll i Skottlands historia och i mindre utstr\u00E4ckning i Englands och Irlands under 1600-talet. Covenant eller convenant (av latinets convenire, \u00F6verenskomma) var namnet p\u00E5 de f\u00F6rbund, som de presbyterianska skottarna under 1500- och 1600-talen ingick dels med sina kungar och dels med varandra f\u00F6r att uppr\u00E4tth\u00E5lla sin trosfrihet mot de romerska katolikerna och de episkopala. Speciellt g\u00E4ller beteckningen f\u00F6rbunden av \u00E5r 1581 och 1638."@sv . . . "Covenanters (Scottish Gaelic: C\u00F9mhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from Covenant, a biblical term for a bond or agreement with God."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC5B8\uC57D\uB3C4(Covenanters)\uB294 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC5D0\uC11C 17\uC138\uAE30\uC758 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC5D0\uC11C \uC5B8\uC57D\uC774\uB780 \uAD6C\uC57D\uC131\uACBD\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uB2D8\uACFC \uC774\uC2A4\uB77C\uC5D8\uAC04\uC758 \uACC4\uC57D, \uC57D\uC18D\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC5D0\uC11C \uB098\uC628 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. 1637\uB144\uC5D0\uB294 \uCC30\uC2A4 1\uC138\uC640 \uCF04\uD130\uBCA0\uB9AC\uC758 \uC8FC\uAD50\uC778 \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uB85C\uB4DC\uAC00 \uB9CC\uB098 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uC608\uBC30\uC758\uC2DD\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uD68C\uC758\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uD5E8\uB354\uC2A8\uC758 \uB3C4\uC6C0\uC73C\uB85C 1638\uB144 2\uC6D4 28\uC77C\uC5D0 \uC5D0\uB518\uBC84\uB7EC\uC5D0 \uC788\uB294 \uADF8\uB808\uC774\uD504\uB77C\uC774\uC5B4 \uAD50\uD68C\uC815\uC6D0\uC5D0\uC11C\uAD6D\uAC00\uC801 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC774 \uCCB4\uACB0\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC740 \uCC30\uC2A4 1\uC138\uC640 \uC70C\uB9AC\uC5C4 \uB85C\uB4DC\uAC00 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uAD50\uD68C\uB97C \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uC608\uBC30\uD615\uC2DD\uACFC \uAD50\uD68C \uC815\uCE58\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uAC70\uBD80\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC740 \uC655\uC758 \uACE0\uBC31(1581)\uACFC \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uD5E8\uB354\uC2A8\uC758 \uCD94\uAC00\uC801 \uC120\uC5B8\uACFC \uB9F9\uC138\uAC00 \uD3EC\uD568\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC5B8\uC57D\uC740 \uAC1C\uD601\uC8FC\uC758 \uC2E0\uC559\uACFC \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uC815\uCE58\uB97C \uC7AC\uD655\uC778\uD558\uACE0 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC2DC\uB3C4\uB41C \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uAC70\uBD80\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uC6E8\uC2A4\uD2B8\uBBFC\uC2A4\uD130 \uCD1D\uD68C\uC5D0 \uCC38\uAD00\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uCC38\uC11D\uD588\uB358 6\uBA85\uC758 \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC \uB300\uD45C\uB4E4\uC740 \uB9CE\uC740 \uAE30\uC5EC\uB97C \uD558\uC600\uACE0, \uADF8 \uC774\uD6C4,\uCC44\uD0DD\uB41C \uBB38\uC11C\uB4E4\uC744 \uACF5\uC801 \uADDC\uBC94\uC73C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC558\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC5C4\uC219\uB3D9\uB9F9\uACFC \uC5B8\uC57D\uC73C\uB85C \uCC30\uC2A4 1\uC138\uAC00 \uCC98\uD615\uB418\uACE0, \uD06C\uB86C\uC6F0\uC758 \uD1B5\uCE58\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4 \uB124\uB35C\uB780\uB4DC\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uCC30\uC2A4 2\uC138\uB97C \uCD08\uCCAD\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uADF8\uAC00 \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50 \uD3B8\uC5D0 \uC11C\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0 \uBC30\uBC18\uD558\uC5EC \uC624\uD788\uB824 \uC7A5\uB85C\uAD50\uB97C \uD0C4\uC555\uD558\uC790, \uCC30\uC2A4 2\uC138\uC640 \uD56D\uC804\uC5D0 \uB098\uC120\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC5B8\uC57D\uB3C4\uB4E4\uC740 \uC655\uC758 \uAD8C\uC138\uB294 \uBB34\uC81C\uD55C\uC801\uC774\uC9C0 \uC54A\uACE0, \uC624\uC9C1 \uD558\uB098\uB2D8\uB9CC\uC774 \uBB34\uC81C\uD55C\uC801\uC778 \uAD8C\uC138\uB97C \uAC16\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uACC4\uC2EC\uC744 \uBBFF\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "De covenanters waren een Schots presbyteriaanse beweging, die in de 17e eeuw een belangrijke rol in de geschiedenis van Schotland, en in mindere mate in die van Engeland en Ierland heeft gespeeld. De naam stamt van de term covenant naar het verbond dat door de Isra\u00EBlieten in het Oude Testament wordt gezworen. Er waren twee belangrijke convenanten in de Schotse geschiedenis, de National Covenant van 1638 en de Solemn League and Covenant in 1643, het laatste was een verdrag tussen Schotland (de Kerk van Schotland) en het Lange Parlement van Engeland. Presbyteriaanse denominaties laten hun geschiedenis vaak met de covenanters beginnen. Zij gebruiken vaak de naam en houden zowel in Schotland als internationaal aan de idee\u00EBn en tradities van de covenanters vast."@nl . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044B (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Covenanters) \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u00AB\u041D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u00BB 1638 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0432\u0438. \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044B \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 1639\u20141652 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C. \u041F\u043E\u0437\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043C \u041E\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044F (1652\u20141660), \u0430 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (1660\u20141688) \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439."@ru . "Covenanter"@sv . . "Covenanters"@en . . . . . . "\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Covenanters) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u00AB\u041D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0443\u00BB 1638 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0432\u0438. \u0420\u0443\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0454\u043C \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0457 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0447\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0432 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 1639\u20141652 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C. \u0417\u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0456\u0432\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043C \u041E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044F (1652\u20141660), \u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 (1660\u20141688) \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043E \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0456 \u0436\u043E\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C."@uk . . . . "44929"^^ . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Covenanters) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u00AB\u041D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0443\u00BB 1638 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u043C\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0432\u0438. \u0420\u0443\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0454\u043C \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0457 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0447\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0432 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043E\u0434 1639\u20141652 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u044F\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043C. \u0417\u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u0456\u0432\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043C \u041E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044F (1652\u20141660), \u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 (1660\u20141688) \u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043E \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0456 \u0436\u043E\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C."@uk . . "\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ACovenanters\uFF09\u662F17\u4E16\u7EAA\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u5B97\u6559\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u8FD0\u52A8\u6210\u5458\uFF0C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u652F\u6301\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u957F\u8001\u4F1A\u53CA\u5176\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u5728\u5B97\u6559\u4E8B\u52A1\u4E2D\u5360\u636E\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4F4D\u3002\u8BE5\u540D\u79F0\u6E90\u81EA\u5723\u7ECF\u4E2D\u4E0E\u4E0A\u5E1D\u8BA2\u7ACB\u7684\u201C\u7EA6\u201D\u8FD9\u4E00\u8BF4\u6CD5\u3002\u8BE5\u8FD0\u52A8\u6E90\u81EA\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u5728\u6559\u4E49\u548C\u6559\u4F1A\u7EC4\u7EC7\u4E0A\u4E0E\u82F1\u56FD\u56FD\u738B\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u4E00\u4E16\u548C\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u7684\u77DB\u76FE\u3002 1638\u5E74\uFF0C\u4F17\u591A\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4EBA\u7B7E\u8BA2\u300A\u6C11\u65CF\u8A93\u7EA6\u300B\u4EE5\u62B5\u5236\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u6559\u4F1A\u6240\u52A0\u7684\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u4E3B\u6559\u6218\u4E89\u540E\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u53D6\u5F97\u4E86\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u7684\u63A7\u5236\u3002 1643\u5E74\uFF0C\u82F1\u56FD\u5185\u6218\u671F\u95F4\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u652F\u6301\u5967\u7ACB\u4F5B\u00B7\u514B\u502B\u5A01\u723E\u4E00\u65B9\uFF0C\u4F461648\u5E74\u53C8\u652F\u6301\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u3002\u67E5\u7406\u4E00\u4E16\u88AB\u514B\u502B\u5A01\u723E\u65AC\u9996\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u53C8\u652F\u6301\u67E5\u7406\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF0C1651\u5E74\u88AB\u51FB\u8D25\uFF0C\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u88AB\u5E76\u5165\u82F1\u5409\u5229\u5171\u548C\u570B\u3002 \u67E5\u7406\u4E8C\u4E16\u91CD\u795A\u540E\uFF0C\u8A93\u7EA6\u6D3E\u5931\u53BB\u4E86\u5BF9\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u6559\u4F1A\u7684\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u82CF\u683C\u5170\u4E4B\u540E\u591A\u6B21\u7206\u53D1\u8D77\u4E49\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0445"@uk . . . . . "Covenanters"@de . . . . . "\u30AB\u30F4\u30A7\u30CA\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\uFF08Covenanters\uFF09\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u76DF\u7D04\u8005\u306F\u300117\u4E16\u7D00\u306E\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3067\u9577\u8001\u6D3E\u6559\u4F1A\u306E\u652F\u6301\u3092\u76DF\u7D04\u3057\u305F\u4EBA\u3005\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u9577\u8001\u6D3E\u6559\u4F1A\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u306A\u904B\u52D5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u5B97\u6559\u53F2\u3067\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u679C\u305F\u3057\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3068\u30A2\u30A4\u30EB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306B\u3082\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u305F\u3002 21\u4E16\u7D00\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u3082\u30AB\u30F4\u30A7\u30CA\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u3092\u30EB\u30FC\u30C4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u6D3E\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u540D\u524D\u306E\u7531\u6765\u306F\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306Ecovenant\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u4E3B\u6559\u6226\u4E89\u3068\u6E05\u6559\u5F92\u9769\u547D\u30672\u3064\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u76DF\u7D04\uFF08\u56FD\u6C11\u76DF\u7D04\u3068\u53B3\u7C9B\u306A\u540C\u76DF\u3068\u5951\u7D04\uFF09\u304C\u7D50\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u6BBA\u622E\u6642\u4EE3\u306B\u6BBA\u622E\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u6539\u9769\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\u304C\u305D\u306E\u7D99\u627F\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "1115974682"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "27238622"^^ . . "I covenanti (in inglese: covenanters) furono un movimento politico e religioso sorto in Scozia nel XVII secolo. Furono cos\u00EC chiamati, durante la Guerra civile inglese, gli Scozzesi seguaci del Covenant (alleanza, patto), una specie di professione di fede religiosa nazionale."@it . "\u30AB\u30F4\u30A7\u30CA\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\uFF08Covenanters\uFF09\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u76DF\u7D04\u8005\u306F\u300117\u4E16\u7D00\u306E\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3067\u9577\u8001\u6D3E\u6559\u4F1A\u306E\u652F\u6301\u3092\u76DF\u7D04\u3057\u305F\u4EBA\u3005\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u9577\u8001\u6D3E\u6559\u4F1A\u306B\u3088\u308B\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u306A\u904B\u52D5\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306E\u5B97\u6559\u53F2\u3067\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u5F79\u5272\u3092\u679C\u305F\u3057\u3001\u30A4\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u3068\u30A2\u30A4\u30EB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306B\u3082\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u305F\u3002 21\u4E16\u7D00\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u3082\u30AB\u30F4\u30A7\u30CA\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u3092\u30EB\u30FC\u30C4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u6559\u6D3E\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u540D\u524D\u306E\u7531\u6765\u306F\u30B9\u30B3\u30C3\u30C8\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u306Ecovenant\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u4E3B\u6559\u6226\u4E89\u3068\u6E05\u6559\u5F92\u9769\u547D\u30672\u3064\u306E\u91CD\u8981\u306A\u76DF\u7D04\uFF08\u56FD\u6C11\u76DF\u7D04\u3068\u53B3\u7C9B\u306A\u540C\u76DF\u3068\u5951\u7D04\uFF09\u304C\u7D50\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u6BBA\u622E\u6642\u4EE3\u306B\u6BBA\u622E\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u6539\u9769\u9577\u8001\u6559\u4F1A\u304C\u305D\u306E\u7D99\u627F\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . .