. . . "Critiche al socialismo"@it . . . . . . . . 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"Kritik terhadap sosialisme"@in . . . "1708485"^^ . . . . . . "Cr\u00EDtica al socialisme, \u00E9s qualsevol cr\u00EDtica dels models d'organitzaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica socialistes i de la seva viabilitat, aix\u00ED com de les implicacions pol\u00EDtiques i socials de l'adopci\u00F3 d'aquest sistema. Algunes cr\u00EDtiques no es dirigeixen cap al socialisme com a sistema, sin\u00F3 m\u00E9s aviat cap al moviment socialista, partits o els estats existents. Alguns cr\u00EDtics consideren que el socialisme \u00E9s un concepte purament te\u00F2ric que hauria de ser criticat per raons te\u00F2riques (com en el problema de c\u00E0lcul econ\u00F2mic i el debat de c\u00E0lcul socialista) mentre que altres sostenen que existeixen certs exemples hist\u00F2rics i que es pot criticar per raons pr\u00E0ctiques. Com que hi ha molts models de socialisme, la majoria de les cr\u00EDtiques se centren en un tipus espec\u00EDfic de socialisme i en l'experi\u00E8ncia de la que pot no"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . "36262"^^ . "Les critiques du socialisme se r\u00E9f\u00E8rent aux critiques des mod\u00E8les socialistes d'organisation \u00E9conomique, de leurs efficacit\u00E9s et de leurs faisabilit\u00E9s, ainsi que des implications politiques et sociales de tels syst\u00E8mes. Certaines critiques ne sont pas dirig\u00E9es vers le socialisme en tant que syst\u00E8me, mais sont dirig\u00E9s vers des mouvements socialistes, des partis politiques socialistes ou des \u00E9tats socialistes existants."@fr . . . . 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"\u5BF9\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u6279\u8BC4"@zh . . "Antisocialisme"@ca . "Kritik sosialisme merujuk pada kritik terhadap model sosialis dari organisasi ekonomi, kelayakannya, dan implikasi politik dan sosial dari penggunaan sistem tersebut. Beberapa kritik tidak diarahkan kepada sosialisme sebagai sistem, tapi kepada , partai politik sosialis, atau negara sosialis yang ada. Beberapa kritik menganggap sosialisme sebagai konsep teoretis murni yang harus dikritisi dengan dasar teoretis (seperti dalam debat kalkulasi sosialis). Kritik lainnya menggunakan beberapa contoh sejarah yang ada dan menganggap itu dapat dikritisi dengan dasar praktikal. Ekonomi liberal dan libertarian kanan melihat kepemilikan pribadi dari alat produksi dan pertukaran pasar sebagai entitas alami atau hak moral yang menjadi prinsip utama dari konsepsi mereka atas kemerdekaan dan kebebasan dan pandangan dinamika ekonomi kaputalis sebagai absolut dan abadi. Mereka selanjutnya memandang kepemilikan publik atas alat produksi, kooperasi dan perencanaan ekonomi sebagai pelanggaran atas kebebasan. Menurut , Ludwig von Mises, sistem ekonomi yang tidak menggunakan uang, kalkulasi finansial dan harga pasar tidak akan efektif dalam penilaian barang modal dan koordinasi dalam produksi. Oleh karena itu, sosialisme adalah hal yang mustahil karena kekurangan informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan kalkulasi ekonomi. Argumen penting lainnya terhadap sistem sosialis berbasis perencanaan ekonomi yaitu berdasar pada penggunaan pengetahuan yang tersebar. Sosialisme menjadi tidak layak dalam pandangan ini karena informasi tidak bisa diagregasi oleh institusi pusat dan secara efektif digunakan untuk membentuk rencana bagi seluruh ekonomi, karena dengan melakukan hal itu dapat mengakibatkan atau tidak ada sama sekali. Ekonom lainnya mengkritik model sosialisme berdasarkan pada ekonomi neoklasik atas ketergantungannya pada asumsi yang salah atau tidak realistik terhadap dan . Beberapa filsuf juga mengkritik tujuan sosialisme, berpendapat bahwa kesetaraan mengikis keanekaragaman individu dan bahwa pembentukan masyarakat yang setara terkesan harus memerlukan paksaan yang kuat. Kritik terhadap gerakan politik sosialis sering kali menyasar pada konflik internal gerakan sosialis karena membentuk semacam \"kekosongan tanggung jawab\". Karena ada banyak model sosialisme, kebanyakan kritik hanya fokus pada tipe spesifik sosialisme. Oleh karena itu kritik yang ada mungkin tidak berlaku pada semua bentuk sosialisme dan kebanyakan hanya berfokus pada pengalaman ekonomi tipe Soviet. Harus dicatat pula bahwa sebagian model sosialisme bertentangan satu sama lain dalam permasalahan mengenai , koordinasi ekonomi dan bagaimana sosialisme dicapai; oleh karena itu kritik terhadap model sosialisme tertentu mungkin menjadi pendukung terhadap tipe sosialisme lainnya."@in . . "Diverse teorie e critiche al socialismo sono state avanzate nel corso degli anni da politici ed economisti. Molti economisti liberali contestano il fatto che la distribuzione egualitaria della ricchezza e la nazionalizzazione delle industrie sostenuta da alcuni socialisti possono essere raggiunti senza la perdita delle libert\u00E0 politiche o economiche o di prosperit\u00E0 ridotta per una popolazione. Alcuni sostengono che il socialismo \u00E8 puramente teorico, difficilmente applicabile, altri ritengono che alcuni esempi storici esistono e che possono essere criticati per motivi pratici. Altri denunciano la limitata libert\u00E0 dei diritti umani negli stati socialisti."@it . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0644\u0644\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Criticism of socialism"@en . "Der Begriff Sozialismuskritik bezeichnet \u2013 analog zur Kapitalismuskritik \u2013 die Kritik einer gesellschaftlichen Produktionsweise, die sich ihrem Selbstverst\u00E4ndnis nach als sozialistische versteht, aber von Systemkritikern als eine neuartige Gesellschaftsformation mit Klassencharakter analysiert wird. Ins Visier ihrer Kritik geraten insbesondere die \u201EArbeiterb\u00FCrokratie\u201C bzw. \u201EMonopolb\u00FCrokratie\u201C als eine neue herrschende Klasse, die \u00FCber die kollektivierten Produktionsmittel verf\u00FCgt. Die Sowjetunion und die von ihr abh\u00E4ngigen sozialistischen L\u00E4nder wurden von Sozialismuskritikern als \u201Eb\u00FCrokratisch degenerierter Arbeiterstaat\u201C (Leo Trotzki), \u201EMonopolsozialismus\u201C (Kuron/Modzelewski), \u201EStaatskapitalismus\u201C (Tony Cliff) oder \u201Ereal existierender Sozialismus\u201C (Rudolf Bahro) bezeichnet."@de . . . . . "1124023571"^^ . 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"Les critiques du socialisme se r\u00E9f\u00E8rent aux critiques des mod\u00E8les socialistes d'organisation \u00E9conomique, de leurs efficacit\u00E9s et de leurs faisabilit\u00E9s, ainsi que des implications politiques et sociales de tels syst\u00E8mes. Certaines critiques ne sont pas dirig\u00E9es vers le socialisme en tant que syst\u00E8me, mais sont dirig\u00E9s vers des mouvements socialistes, des partis politiques socialistes ou des \u00E9tats socialistes existants. Certaines critiques consid\u00E8rent le socialisme comme un concept purement th\u00E9orique qui doit \u00EAtre critiqu\u00E9 pour des raisons th\u00E9oriques, d'autres soutiennent que les exp\u00E9riences socialistes peuvent \u00EAtre critiqu\u00E9es sur les faits. Certains encore veulent englober plusieurs exemples historiques d'\u00C9tats communistes dans une forme de socialisme.Le socialisme est donc une notion large, certaines critiques pr\u00E9sent\u00E9es dans cet article ne s'appliqueront qu'a un mod\u00E8le sp\u00E9cifique du socialisme qui peuvent diff\u00E9rer consid\u00E9rablement des autres types de socialisme. Les lib\u00E9raux \u00E9conomiques, libertariens, pro-capitalistes et quelques lib\u00E9raux classiques consid\u00E8rent l'entreprise priv\u00E9e, la propri\u00E9t\u00E9 priv\u00E9e des moyens de production et l'\u00E9change sur le march\u00E9 comme des ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes naturels ou moraux[pas clair], au centre de leurs conceptions de la libert\u00E9. Et par opposition, les membres de ces trois groupes peuvent percevoir la propri\u00E9t\u00E9 publique des moyens de production, des coop\u00E9ratives et de la planification \u00E9conomique parrain\u00E9 par l'\u00C9tat comme des attentes \u00E0 la libert\u00E9, causant la soumission, la servitude et la contrainte des individus envers une administration autoritaire peu respectueuse de la vie priv\u00E9e. Les membres de l'\u00E9cole n\u00E9oclassique d'\u00E9conomie critiquent les th\u00E9ories socialistes qui favorisent la participation de l'\u00C9tat ou de la centralisation du capital sur les motifs du manque de motivation au sein des institutions de l'\u00C9tat d'agir sur l'information aussi efficacement que les gestionnaires dans les entreprises capitalistes parce qu'ils n'ont pas de forte contrainte (profit et m\u00E9canisme de perte), ce qui r\u00E9duit le bien-\u00EAtre \u00E9conomique global pour la soci\u00E9t\u00E9. Les membres de l'\u00E9cole autrichienne d'\u00E9conomie soutiennent que les syst\u00E8mes socialistes bas\u00E9 sur la planification \u00E9conomique sont impossibles parce qu'ils n'ont pas l'information pour effectuer le calcul \u00E9conomique en premier lieu en raison d'un manque de prix libre, qu'ils croient n\u00E9cessaires pour rationnelle calcul \u00E9conomique. Les membres du mouvement politique socialiste critiquent souvent les conflits internes du mouvement socialiste en cr\u00E9ant une sorte de \u00AB vide de responsabilit\u00E9 \u00BB."@fr . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430"@ru . . . . 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\u7531\u4E8E\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u6709\u591A\u79CD\u6A21\u5F0F\uFF0C\u8BB8\u591A\u6279\u8BC4\u4EC5\u4EC5\u96C6\u4E2D\u4E8E\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u7279\u5B9A\u7C7B\u578B\u3002\u6240\u4EE5\u4E0B\u5217\u73B0\u6709\u7684\u6279\u8BC4\u53EF\u80FD\u6CA1\u6709\u5305\u62EC\u5BF9\u6240\u6709\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u5F62\u5F0F\u7684\u6279\u8BC4\uFF0C\u800C\u4E14\u5927\u591A\u96C6\u4E2D\u4E8E\u82CF\u7EF4\u57C3\u5F0F\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B9E\u8DF5\u3002\u8FD9\u4E5F\u7A81\u51FA\u4E86\u4E0D\u540C\u6A21\u5F0F\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u4E4B\u95F4\u5728\u8D22\u4EA7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u95EE\u9898\u3001\u7ECF\u6D4E\u534F\u8C03\u548C\u600E\u6837\u5B9E\u73B0\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u4E0A\u9762\u7684\u76F8\u4E92\u51B2\u7A81\u2014\u2014\u6240\u4EE5\u5BF9\u7279\u5B9A\u6A21\u5F0F\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u6279\u8BC4\u53EF\u80FD\u4F1A\u5BF9\u53E6\u4E00\u4E0D\u540C\u7C7B\u578B\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u6784\u6210\u5439\u6367\u3002"@zh . . . "Der Begriff Sozialismuskritik bezeichnet \u2013 analog zur Kapitalismuskritik \u2013 die Kritik einer gesellschaftlichen Produktionsweise, die sich ihrem Selbstverst\u00E4ndnis nach als sozialistische versteht, aber von Systemkritikern als eine neuartige Gesellschaftsformation mit Klassencharakter analysiert wird. Ins Visier ihrer Kritik geraten insbesondere die \u201EArbeiterb\u00FCrokratie\u201C bzw. \u201EMonopolb\u00FCrokratie\u201C als eine neue herrschende Klasse, die \u00FCber die kollektivierten Produktionsmittel verf\u00FCgt. Die Sowjetunion und die von ihr abh\u00E4ngigen sozialistischen L\u00E4nder wurden von Sozialismuskritikern als \u201Eb\u00FCrokratisch degenerierter Arbeiterstaat\u201C (Leo Trotzki), \u201EMonopolsozialismus\u201C (Kuron/Modzelewski), \u201EStaatskapitalismus\u201C (Tony Cliff) oder \u201Ereal existierender Sozialismus\u201C (Rudolf Bahro) bezeichnet. Die Kritik ist zumeist eine immanente Kritik, die vorherige Parteig\u00E4nger und Anh\u00E4nger der sozialistischen Lehre artikulieren. Leo Trotzkis \u201EVerratene Revolution\u201C und Djilas' \u201ENeue Klasse\u201C z\u00E4hlen zu den fr\u00FChen Publikationen, die eine derartige Sozialismuskritik formulierten."@de . . . . . "\u5BF9\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u6279\u8BC4\uFF08\u6709\u6642\u7A31\u4F5C\u300C\u53CD\u793E\u6703\u4E3B\u7FA9\u300D\uFF09\u6D89\u53CA\u5230\u5404\u7C7B\u5BF9\u4E8E\u8BA1\u5212\u7ECF\u6D4E\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u6A21\u5F0F\u53CA\u5176\u53EF\u884C\u6027\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u91C7\u7528\u8FD9\u4E00\u4F53\u7CFB\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u548C\u793E\u4F1A\u5F71\u54CD\u7684\u6279\u8BC4\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u6279\u8BC4\u6CA1\u6709\u76F4\u63A5\u6307\u5411\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5236\u5EA6\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u6307\u5411\u4E86\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u8FD0\u52A8\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u653F\u515A\u6216\u8005\u73B0\u5B58\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002\u4E00\u4E9B\u6279\u8BC4\u8005\u8BA4\u4E3A\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u662F\u7EAF\u7CB9\u7406\u8BBA\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u4EE5\u81F3\u4E8E\u5E94\u4ECE\u7406\u8BBA\u6839\u636E\u4E0A\u6279\u8BC4\uFF08\u8BF8\u5982\u7ECF\u6D4E\u8BA1\u7B97\u4E89\u8BBA\uFF09\uFF0C\u5176\u4ED6\u4EBA\u8BA4\u4E3A\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u786E\u5B9E\u5B58\u6709\u5B9E\u4F8B\u5E76\u4E14\u53EF\u4ECE\u5B9E\u9645\u4E0A\u4E88\u4EE5\u6279\u8BC4\u3002 \u7D93\u6FDF\u81EA\u7531\u548C\u53F3\u7FFC\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u4E49\u8005\u628A\u751F\u4EA7\u8D44\u6599\u7684\u79C1\u6709\u5236\u548C\u81EA\u7136\u5B9E\u4F53\u6216\u8005\u9053\u5FB7\u6743\u5229\u90A3\u6837\u7684\u5E02\u573A\u4EA4\u6613\u770B\u4F5C\u662F\u4ED6\u4EEC\u7684\u81EA\u7531\u548C\u89E3\u653E\u7406\u5FF5\u7684\u6838\u5FC3\uFF0C\u800C\u4E14\u628A\u8D44\u672C\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u7ECF\u6D4E\u52A8\u6001\u770B\u4F5C\u662F\u4E0D\u53D8\u548C\u7EDD\u5BF9\u7684\uFF0C\u6240\u4EE5\uFF0C\u4ED6\u4EEC\u89C9\u5F97\u751F\u4EA7\u8D44\u6599\u4E2D\u7684\u516C\u6709\u5236\u3001\u5408\u4F5C\u793E\u548C\u8BA1\u5212\u7ECF\u6D4E\u662F\u5BF9\u81EA\u7531\u7684\u4FB5\u72AF\u3002 \u6839\u636E\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u6D3E\u4EBA\u58EB\u8DEF\u5FB7\u7DAD\u5E0C\u00B7\u99AE\u00B7\u7C73\u585E\u65AF\u7684\u5B66\u8BF4\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E2A\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4F53\u7CFB\u4E0D\u5229\u7528\u91D1\u94B1\u3001\u7ECF\u6D4E\u6838\u7B97\u548C\u5E02\u573A\u5B9A\u4EF7\u5C06\u4E0D\u80FD\u6709\u6548\u5B9A\u4EF7\u8D44\u672C\u8D27\u7269\u548C\u534F\u8C03\u751F\u4EA7\uFF0C\u56E0\u800C\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u662F\u4E0D\u53EF\u80FD\u5B9E\u73B0\u7684\u3002\u56E0\u4E3A\u7F3A\u5C11\u5FC5\u8981\u7684\u4FE1\u606F\u4EE5\u7387\u5148\u5B9E\u884C\u7ECF\u6D4E\u6838\u7B97\u3002\u5176\u4ED6\u5BF9\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u4F53\u7CFB\u7684\u96C6\u4E2D\u6279\u8BC4\u57FA\u4E8E\u8BA1\u5212\u7ECF\u6D4E\u662F\u5EFA\u7ACB\u5728\u5206\u6563\u7684\u77E5\u8BC6\u7684\u5229\u7528\u4E0A\u3002\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u5728\u8FD9\u4E00\u89C2\u70B9\u4E2D\u4E0D\u53EF\u80FD\u5B9E\u73B0\u662F\u56E0\u4E3A\u4FE1\u606F\u4E0D\u80FD\u88AB\u4E2D\u592E\u673A\u6784\u96C6\u4E2D\u5230\u4E00\u8D77\u5E76\u6709\u6548\u7528\u4E8E\u5BF9\u6574\u4F53\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5236\u5B9A\u4E00\u4E2A\u8BA1\u5212\uFF0C\u56E0\u4E3A\u8FD9\u4E48\u505A\u4F1A\u5BFC\u81F4\u626D\u66F2\u6216\u7F3A\u4E4F\u4EF7\u683C\u4FE1\u53F7\u3002 \u8BB8\u591A\u5BF9\u793E\u4F1A\u4E3B\u4E49\u7684\u7ECF\u6D4E\u5B66\u4E0A\u7684\u6279\u8BC4\u96C6\u4E2D\u4E8E\u82CF\u7EF4\u57C3\u5F0F\u7684\u8BA1\u5212\u7ECF\u6D4E\u7684\u5B9E\u8DF5\u3002\u4ED6\u4EEC\u6307\u51FA\u8BA1\u5212\u7ECF\u6D4E\u4E0B\u7684\u4F01\u4E1A\u8FD0\u4F5C\u7F3A\u5C11\u9810\u7B97\u7DDA\u964D\u4F4E\u4E86\u5BF9\u4F01\u4E1A\u7684\u6FC0\u52B1\u6709\u6548\u7684\u884C\u52A8\u7684\u4FE1\u606F\uFF0C\u8FDB\u800C\u964D\u4F4E\u793E\u4F1A\u7684\u6574\u4F53\u798F\u5229\u3002"@zh . . . . . "Diverse teorie e critiche al socialismo sono state avanzate nel corso degli anni da politici ed economisti. Molti economisti liberali contestano il fatto che la distribuzione egualitaria della ricchezza e la nazionalizzazione delle industrie sostenuta da alcuni socialisti possono essere raggiunti senza la perdita delle libert\u00E0 politiche o economiche o di prosperit\u00E0 ridotta per una popolazione. Alcuni sostengono che il socialismo \u00E8 puramente teorico, difficilmente applicabile, altri ritengono che alcuni esempi storici esistono e che possono essere criticati per motivi pratici. Altri denunciano la limitata libert\u00E0 dei diritti umani negli stati socialisti. Una delle pi\u00F9 famose critiche al socialismo \u00E8 stata proposta da Ludwig von Mises e sviluppata da Friedrich Hayek della scuola austriaca. La base della loro critica all'economia pianificata socialista \u00E8 la concezione del sistema dei prezzi di libero mercato come sistema di trasmissione delle informazioni economiche che permettono l'allocazione delle risorse da destinare alla produzione. In assenza dei segnali derivanti dai prezzi determinato dal libero scambio sul mercato l'allocazione delle risorse produttive decisa dai pianificatori porter\u00E0 necessariamente alla mancata produzione di beni ritenuti necessari dai consumatori, a favore di beni ritenuti necessari dai pianificatori. Diversi critici hanno dichiarato che le politiche socialiste riducono gli incentivi al lavoro, dicendo di migliorare l'economia, attraverso l'eliminazione di acquisto e di vendita dei mezzi di produzione, limitano il profitto e il meccanismo di perdita, essendo un sistema economico basato sulla pianificazione centrale, contrariamente a quanto avviene in un sistema di libero mercato; inoltre si sostiene che il socialismo blocchi il progresso tecnico di una nazione, riducendo automaticamente il benessere della popolazione. I critici verso gli stati socialisti, sostengono che essi offrono condizioni di vita relativamente basse violando il pi\u00F9 delle volte i diritti umani, compresi milioni di morti causati direttamente o indirettamente dal governo. Le stime del numero di questi morti, specialmente in Unione Sovietica e Cina, variano dai 30 ai 40 milioni in tutto il mondo. Secondo alcuni studiosi, le crisi economiche del 1973 e del 1979 contribuirono al collasso dell'Unione Sovietica, mentre la Cina, seppur in maniera limitata, adott\u00F2 una politica economica flessibile. La Catholic Encyclopedia afferm\u00F2 che diversi esponenti religiosi vennero assassinati dalla Comune di Parigi durante la settimana di sangue, diverse atrocit\u00E0 furono compiute dagli anarchici socialisti durante la Guerra civile spagnola. L'associazione israeliana Kibbutz (basata su regole rigidamente egualitaristiche e sul concetto di propriet\u00E0 comune), venne accusata di cattiva gestione economica, con un salvataggio di 17 miliardi di dollari da parte del governo, per salvaguardare il benessere della popolazione. Ma nonostante le varie critiche mosse a questo sistema socio-economico (in particolar modo a quello sovietico), alcune forme di socialismo presentano forme miste aperte al libero mercato. Esempi di queste forme sono rappresentate dal socialismo liberale e dalla socialdemocrazia. Entrambe le correnti politiche presentano un sistema di regolamentazione delle imprese private nell'interesse dei lavoratori, dei consumatori e delle aziende di piccole dimensioni, oltre ad un esteso sistema di sicurezza sociale (anche se non nella misura richiesta dai socialisti democratici o da altri gruppi socialisti), soprattutto al fine di limitare le conseguenze della povert\u00E0 e di proteggere i cittadini dalla perdita di potere di acquisto a causa della disoccupazione o delle malattie (vedi welfare state)."@it . . . . . "Critiques du socialisme"@fr . "Kritik sosialisme merujuk pada kritik terhadap model sosialis dari organisasi ekonomi, kelayakannya, dan implikasi politik dan sosial dari penggunaan sistem tersebut. Beberapa kritik tidak diarahkan kepada sosialisme sebagai sistem, tapi kepada , partai politik sosialis, atau negara sosialis yang ada. Beberapa kritik menganggap sosialisme sebagai konsep teoretis murni yang harus dikritisi dengan dasar teoretis (seperti dalam debat kalkulasi sosialis). Kritik lainnya menggunakan beberapa contoh sejarah yang ada dan menganggap itu dapat dikritisi dengan dasar praktikal."@in . "Sozialismuskritik"@de . . "Cr\u00EDtica al socialisme, \u00E9s qualsevol cr\u00EDtica dels models d'organitzaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica socialistes i de la seva viabilitat, aix\u00ED com de les implicacions pol\u00EDtiques i socials de l'adopci\u00F3 d'aquest sistema. Algunes cr\u00EDtiques no es dirigeixen cap al socialisme com a sistema, sin\u00F3 m\u00E9s aviat cap al moviment socialista, partits o els estats existents. Alguns cr\u00EDtics consideren que el socialisme \u00E9s un concepte purament te\u00F2ric que hauria de ser criticat per raons te\u00F2riques (com en el problema de c\u00E0lcul econ\u00F2mic i el debat de c\u00E0lcul socialista) mentre que altres sostenen que existeixen certs exemples hist\u00F2rics i que es pot criticar per raons pr\u00E0ctiques. Com que hi ha molts models de socialisme, la majoria de les cr\u00EDtiques se centren en un tipus espec\u00EDfic de socialisme i en l'experi\u00E8ncia de la que pot no aplicar-se a totes les formes de socialisme, ja que els diferents models de socialisme entren en conflicte entre si per q\u00FCestions de propietat de la propietat, la coordinaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica i com s'ha d'aconseguir el socialisme. Els cr\u00EDtics de models espec\u00EDfics de socialisme podrien defensar un tipus de socialisme diferent. Segons l'economista de Ludwig von Mises, un sistema econ\u00F2mic que no utilitza diners, el c\u00E0lcul financer i els preus de mercat no ser\u00E0 capa\u00E7 de valorar efectivament els b\u00E9ns d'equip i coordinar la producci\u00F3 i, per tant, el socialisme \u00E9s impossible perqu\u00E8 no t\u00E9 la informaci\u00F3 necess\u00E0ria per realitzar el c\u00E0lcul econ\u00F2mic. Un altre argument central enfrontat als sistemes socialistes basat en la planificaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica es basa en l'\u00FAs de coneixement dispers. El socialisme \u00E9s inviable en aquest punt de vista perqu\u00E8 la informaci\u00F3 no pot ser agregada per un organisme central i efectivament utilitzada per formular un pla per a tota una economia, perqu\u00E8 fer-ho donaria lloc a senyals de preus distorsionats o absents. Altres economistes critiquen models de socialisme basats en economia neocl\u00E0ssica per la seva depend\u00E8ncia dels sup\u00F2sits defectuosos i poc realistes d' i efici\u00E8ncia del pareto. Alguns fil\u00F2sofs tenen tamb\u00E9 va criticar els objectius del socialisme, argumentant que la igualtat esgota les diversitats individuals i que l'establiment d'una societat igual hauria de comportar una forta coacci\u00F3. Els cr\u00EDtics del moviment pol\u00EDtic socialista solen criticar els conflictes interns del el moviment socialista creant una mena de \"responsabilitat nul\u00B7la\". Liberals econ\u00F2mics i Drets llibertaris consideren propietat privada dels mitjans de producci\u00F3 i el mercat com a entitats naturals o drets morals que s\u00F3n centrals en les seves concepcions de llibertat i llibertat i veuen la din\u00E0mica econ\u00F2mica del capitalisme immutable i absoluta. Com a resultat, perceben propietat p\u00FAblica dels mitjans de producci\u00F3, cooperatives i planificaci\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica com a infraccions a la llibertat."@ca . . . . . . "Criticism of socialism (also known as anti-socialism) is any critique of socialist models of economic organization and their feasibility as well as the political and social implications of adopting such a system. Some critiques are not directed toward socialism as a system, but rather toward the socialist movement, parties or existing states. Some critics consider socialism to be a purely theoretical concept that should be criticized on theoretical grounds (such as in the economic calculation problem and the socialist calculation debate) while others hold that certain historical examples exist and that they can be criticized on practical grounds. Because there are many models of socialism, most critiques are focused on a specific type of socialism and the experience of Soviet-type economies that may not apply to all forms of socialism as different models of socialism conflict with each other over questions of property ownership, economic coordination and how socialism is to be achieved. Critics of specific models of socialism might be advocates of a different type of socialism. According to the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises, an economic system that does not utilize money, financial calculation and market pricing will be unable to effectively value capital goods and coordinate production and therefore socialism is impossible because it lacks the necessary information to perform economic calculation in the first place. Another central argument leveled against socialist systems based on economic planning is based on the use of dispersed knowledge. Socialism is unfeasible in this view because information cannot be aggregated by a central body and effectively used to formulate a plan for an entire economy, because doing so would result in distorted or absent price signals. Other economists criticize models of socialism based on neoclassical economics for their reliance on the faulty and unrealistic assumptions of economic equilibrium and pareto efficiency. Some philosophers have also criticized the aims of socialism, arguing that equality erodes away at individual diversities and that the establishment of an equal society would have to entail strong coercion. Economic liberals and right-libertarians view private ownership of the means of production and the market exchange as natural entities or moral rights which are central to their conceptions of freedom and liberty and view the economic dynamics of capitalism as immutable and absolute. As a result, they perceive public ownership of the means of production and economic planning as infringements upon liberty. Many commentators on the political right point to the mass killings under communist regimes as an indictment of socialism."@en . . . . . . . . . . .