. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 (\u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435, \u043E\u0442 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03B9 \u2014 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044C, \u0438\u0437\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439, \u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044F\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439) \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0451\u043C \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439."@ru . "Dialeto"@pt . . . . "Dialektoa, batzuetan aldaera diatopiko eta geolekto ere deitua, sistema fonetiko, lexiko eta morfosintaktikoan ezaugarri bereziak dituen hizkuntza aldaera da, lurralde mugatu batean mintzatzen dena. Zenbaitetan, hizkuntzalaritzatik kanpora, gizarte-prestigioko arrazoiak direla tarteko, dialektoa \"hizkuntza baino maila apalagoa duen mintzaira\" dela jotzen da."@eu . . . . . . "Un dialecte (du bas latin dialectus, du grec \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 / di\u00E1lektos, de \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03B9 / dial\u00E9gomai \u00AB parler ensemble \u00BB) est, au sens large, une vari\u00E9t\u00E9 linguistique propre \u00E0 un groupe d'utilisateurs d\u00E9termin\u00E9s. Toute langue naturelle d'une certaine extension d\u00E9mographique et g\u00E9ographique poss\u00E8de des dialectes."@fr . . "Dialektoa, batzuetan aldaera diatopiko eta geolekto ere deitua, sistema fonetiko, lexiko eta morfosintaktikoan ezaugarri bereziak dituen hizkuntza aldaera da, lurralde mugatu batean mintzatzen dena. Zenbaitetan, hizkuntzalaritzatik kanpora, gizarte-prestigioko arrazoiak direla tarteko, dialektoa \"hizkuntza baino maila apalagoa duen mintzaira\" dela jotzen da."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "N\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED neboli dialekt (adj. n\u00E1\u0159e\u010Dn\u00ED, z\u0159. n\u00E1\u0159e\u010Dov\u00FD a dialektn\u00ED, dialektov\u00FD, zast. dialektick\u00FD) je: \n* v\u011Bt\u0161inou ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro tradi\u010Dn\u00ED teritori\u00E1ln\u00ED (lok\u00E1ln\u00ED, m\u00EDstn\u00ED) dialekt: \u00FAzemn\u011B (geograficky) vymezen\u00FD \u00FAtvar n\u00E1rodn\u00EDho jazyka, kter\u00FD je ur\u010Den vztahem k jin\u00FDm teritori\u00E1ln\u00EDm \u00FAtvar\u016Fm a k jazyku n\u00E1rodn\u00EDmu; \n* historicko-genealogick\u00E9 ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro jednotliv\u00E9 jazykov\u00E9 rodiny od\u0161t\u011Bpuj\u00EDc\u00ED se ze spole\u010Dn\u00E9ho z\u00E1kladu, nap\u0159. indoevropsk\u00E9ho (dialekty slovansk\u00E9, dialekty germ\u00E1nsk\u00E9 atd.); \n* ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro slang (soci\u00E1ln\u00ED dialekt, soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, spole\u010Densk\u00E9 n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, speci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, vrstvov\u00E9 n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED); \n* aj. Jazykov\u00FD prvek, kter\u00FD pat\u0159\u00ED do syst\u00E9mu ur\u010Dit\u00E9ho teritori\u00E1ln\u00EDho dialektu (nebo skupiny dialekt\u016F), u\u017E\u00EDvan\u00FD p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm v komunikaci mluven\u00E9 se naz\u00FDv\u00E1 dialektismus. V u\u017E\u0161\u00EDm (funk\u010Dn\u00EDm) vymezen\u00ED je dialektismus n\u00E1\u0159e\u010Dn\u00FD prvek pou\u017Eit\u00FD ve spisovn\u00E9m projevu jako stylistick\u00FD prost\u0159edek. (Pou\u017Eit\u00EDm n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED v um\u011Bleck\u00E9 literatu\u0159e lze dos\u00E1hnout p\u0159esv\u011Bd\u010Div\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED charakteristiky postav, prost\u0159ed\u00ED aj.) Jazykov\u011Bdn\u00E1 discipl\u00EDna, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 zkoum\u00E1n\u00EDm dialekt\u016F, se naz\u00FDv\u00E1 dialektologie. V b\u011B\u017En\u00E9m \u017Eivot\u011B se s n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00EDm, resp. s dialektismy, setk\u00E1v\u00E1me zpravidla v neform\u00E1ln\u00ED \u00FAstn\u00ED komunikaci (\u201Edej zajc\u016Fm a nakrm ku\u0165ata\u201C, \u201Epodej \u0161uf\u00E1nek\u201C \u2026)."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . "The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the Ancient Greek word \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, di\u00E1lektos 'discourse', from \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC, di\u00E1 'through' and \u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03C9, l\u00E9g\u014D 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. Under this definition, the dialects or varieties of a particular language are closely related and, despite their differences, are most often largely mutually intelligible, especially if close to one another on the dialect continuum. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class or ethnicity. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed an ethnolect, and a geographical/regional dialect may be termed a regiolect (alternative terms include 'regionalect', 'geolect', and 'topolect'). According to this definition, any variety of a given language can be classified as a \"dialect\", including any standardized varieties. In this case, the distinction between the \"standard language\" (i.e. the \"standard\" dialect of a particular language) and the \"nonstandard\" (vernacular) dialects of the same language is often arbitrary and based on social, political, cultural, or historical considerations or prevalence and prominence. In a similar way, the definitions of the terms \"language\" and \"dialect\" may overlap and are often subject to debate, with the differentiation between the two classifications often grounded in arbitrary or sociopolitical motives. The term \"dialect\" is however sometimes restricted to mean \"non-standard variety\", particularly in non-specialist settings and non-English linguistic traditions. The other usage of the term \"dialect\", specific to colloquial settings in a few countries like Italy (see dialetto), France (see patois), much of East Central Europe, and the Philippines, carries a pejorative undertone and underlines the politically and socially subordinated status of a non-national language to the country's single official language. In this case, these \"dialects\" are not actual dialects in the same sense as in the first usage, as they do not derive from the politically dominant language and are therefore not one of its varieties, but they evolved in a separate and parallel way and may thus better fit various parties' criteria for a separate language. These \"dialects\" may be historically cognate with and share genetic roots in the same subfamily as the dominant national language and may even, to a varying degree, share some mutual intelligibility with the latter. However, in this sense, unlike in the first usage, these \"dialects\" may be better defined as separate languages from the standard or national language and the standard or national language would not itself be considered a \"dialect\", as it is the dominant language in a particular state, be it in terms of linguistic prestige, social or political (e.g. official) status, predominance or prevalence, or all of the above. The term \"dialect\" used this way implies a political connotation, being mostly used to refer to low-prestige languages (regardless of their actual degree of distance from the national language), languages lacking institutional support, or those perceived as \"unsuitable for writing\". The designation \"dialect\" is also used popularly to refer to the unwritten or non-codified languages of developing countries or isolated areas, where the term \"vernacular language\" would be preferred by linguists. Features that distinguish dialects from each other can be found in lexicon (vocabulary) and grammar, as well as in pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where the salient distinctions are only or mostly to be observed in pronunciation, the more specific term accent may be used instead of dialect. Differences that are largely concentrated in lexicon may be creoles in their own right. When lexical differences are mostly concentrated in the specialized vocabulary of a profession or other organization, they are jargons; differences in vocabulary that are deliberately cultivated to exclude outsiders or to serve as shibboleths are known as cryptolects (or \"cant\") and include slangs and argots. The particular speech patterns used by an individual are referred to as that person's idiolect. To classify subsets of language as dialects, linguists take into account linguistic distance. The dialects of a language with a writing system will operate at different degrees of distance from the standardized written form. Some dialects of a language are not mutually intelligible in spoken form, leading to debate as to whether they are regiolects or separate languages."@en . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03B9, dialegomai \u00AB\u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044C, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0437 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u00BB \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2), \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u044F\u043A \u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u2014 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043E\u043A \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0438\u0439: \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2192 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u2192 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u2192 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0430. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u044F\u043A \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443."@uk . . "Dialekto estas unu lingva varia\u0135o rilate al alia varia\u0135o, ekzemple la maniero en kiu estas parolata la angla en A\u016Dstralio kaj en Londono. En socia senco, la \u0109efa trajto de la dialektoj estas, ke oni povas rilati ilin al oficiala, norma a\u016D ideala formo de lingvo."@eo . "\u0397 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2. \u039F \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9: \n* \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B5\u03C9\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03C1\u03AE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03AD\u03C1\u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0399\u03C9\u03B1\u03BD\u03BD\u03AF\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2. \u0395\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7. \n* \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 (sociolects), \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BD\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03BF\u03BC\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03BB\u03C0."@el . . . "60868"^^ . . "Dialect is in de taalkunde de benaming voor een talige vari\u00EBteit die niet als standaardtaal geldt. De term kan op minstens drie verschillende manieren worden gebruikt."@nl . . "Dialect"@en . "Dialekt"@de . . . . "Dialek (bahasa Yunani: \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, dialektos) adalah varietas bahasa yang melingkupi suatu kelompok penutur. Dialek berkontras dengan ragam bahasa, yaitu bentuk bahasa yang diperbedakan menurut konteks pemakaian. Variasi ini memiliki perbedaan satu sama lain, tetapi masih banyak menunjukkan kemiripan linguistik sehingga belum pantas disebut bahasa yang berbeda. Walaupun begitu, pembedaan konsep dialek dan bahasa tersendiri sering kali dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor simbolis dan sosiopolitik, bukan ilmu bahasa. Menurut definisi yang lebih terbatas, dialek merupakan varietas bahasa yang berkontras dengan bahasa baku. Dalam pengertian populer, istilah dialek juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada bahasa yang tidak digunakan dalam bentuk tulis. Definisi ini umumnya tidak diterima dalam ilmu linguistik. Biasanya pemerian dialek dilakukan berdasarkan geografi dan faktor sosial. Jika pembedaannya hanya berdasarkan pengucapan, istilah yang tepat menurut terminologi linguistik ialah aksen dan bukan dialek. Guna mengukur seberapa jauh perbedaan dan persamaan yang terdapat di tempat yang diteliti melalui perbandingan sejumlah bahan yang dikumpulkan dari tempat-tempat yang bersangkutan, dipergunakan sarana pengukuran statistik yang disebut dialektometri."@in . . . "Dialect"@nl . . . . "\u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062A\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0633\u0645\u064A\u062A\u0647 \u0644\u063A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0628\u0642\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629. \u062A\u062E\u0635 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 (\u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435, \u043E\u0442 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03B9 \u2014 \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044C, \u0438\u0437\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439, \u043D\u043E \u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044F\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439) \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0438\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0451\u043C \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u044B. \u0412 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442 \u0438 \u043E \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u0445; \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043A \u043D\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044C \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044B \u043D\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u00AB\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u00BB (\u0444\u0440. dialecte) \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u00AB\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0430\u00BB (patois), \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044C \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E."@ru . . . . . . . . "Il termine dialetto pu\u00F2 indicare, a seconda del contesto d'uso: \n* in senso linguistico, una variet\u00E0 di una lingua; \n* in senso genealogico, una lingua che si \u00E8 evoluta da un'altra lingua; \n* in senso sociolinguistico, una lingua sociologicamente subordinata ad una lingua politicamente dominante. In quest'ultima accezione, parlandosi di lingua in rapporto ad un'altra lingua, dialetto pu\u00F2 essere anche una lingua regionale che ha perduto autonomia rispetto ad un'altra, divenuta socio-politicamente dominante e riconosciuta come ufficiale, con cui spesso ha una certa affinit\u00E0 e origini simili, la quale viene definita come lingua tetto: in questo senso, la parola dialetto viene utilizzata nella linguistica italiana, in analogia al francese patois, per riferirsi alle lingue regionali italiane evolutesi autonomamente dal latino (ossia i dialetti italo-romanzi, che diversi autori definiscono infatti come lingue sorelle dell'italiano)."@it . . . "En ling\u00FC\u00EDstica, la palabra dialecto geogr\u00E1fico\u200B, geolecto o variedad diat\u00F3pica hace referencia a una de las posibles variedades de una lengua;\u200B frecuentemente se usa el t\u00E9rmino dialecto para referirse a una variante geogr\u00E1fica de una lengua asociada con una determinada zona (de ah\u00ED que tambi\u00E9n se use como t\u00E9rmino sin\u00F3nimo la palabra geolecto o, en terminolog\u00EDa de Eugenio Coseriu, las expresiones variedad sint\u00F3pica y norma espacial).[cita requerida] El n\u00FAmero de hablantes y el tama\u00F1o de la zona dialectal pueden ser variables y un dialecto puede estar, a su vez, dividido en subdialectos (o hablas).[cita requerida]"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dialetto"@it . "Dialekt, narzecze \u2013 wieloznaczny termin lingwistyczny. W najog\u00F3lniejszym znaczeniu dialekt to odmiana j\u0119zyka, kt\u00F3ra odznacza si\u0119 swoistymi cechami fonetycznymi, leksykalnymi czy gramatycznymi, odr\u00F3\u017Cniaj\u0105cymi j\u0105 od innych form tego j\u0119zyka. Wszystkie dialekty w jednakowy spos\u00F3b rz\u0105dz\u0105 si\u0119 zespo\u0142em zasad gramatycznych, cho\u0107 ich systemy bywaj\u0105 silnie zr\u00F3\u017Cnicowane. Badaniem dialekt\u00F3w (zw\u0142aszcza regionalnych) zajmuje si\u0119 dzia\u0142 j\u0119zykoznawstwa \u2013 dialektologia. W rozumieniu dialektologii tradycyjnej dialekt to byt przeciwstawiany j\u0119zykowi standardowemu."@pl . . . . . . . . . . "Un dialecte (du bas latin dialectus, du grec \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 / di\u00E1lektos, de \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03B9 / dial\u00E9gomai \u00AB parler ensemble \u00BB) est, au sens large, une vari\u00E9t\u00E9 linguistique propre \u00E0 un groupe d'utilisateurs d\u00E9termin\u00E9s. Toute langue naturelle d'une certaine extension d\u00E9mographique et g\u00E9ographique poss\u00E8de des dialectes."@fr . . . . . . . . . "An bhr\u00ED at\u00E1 le can\u00FAint n\u00E1 modh cainte a bhaineann le ceantar n\u00F3 le haicme ar leith."@ga . "\u0414\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dialekt"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dialekto"@eo . "Dialecte"@fr . . . . . . . "\u65B9\u8A00\uFF08dialect\uFF09\u6307\u7684\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u67D0\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u8B8A\u9AD4\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u503C\u5F97\u6CE8\u610F\u7684\u662F\uFF0C\u5728\u5C0D\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u300C\u8A9E\u8A00\u300D\u548C\u300C\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\u9032\u884C\u5B9A\u7FA9\u6642\uFF0C\u7121\u8AD6\u662F\u63A1\u7528\u793E\u6703\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B78\u8005\u300C\u76F8\u4E92\u7406\u89E3\u6027\u300D\u7684\u5224\u5225\u6A19\u6E96\uFF0C\u6216\u8005\u662F\u6B77\u53F2\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B78\u8005\u300C\u6B77\u53F2\u767C\u5C55\u95DC\u4FC2\u300D\u7684\u5224\u5225\u6A19\u6E96\uFF0C\u6211\u5011\u90FD\u7121\u53EF\u907F\u514D\u6703\u78B0\u5230\u6E96\u5247\u4E0A\u76F8\u7576\u7A0B\u5EA6\u7684\u4EFB\u610F\u548C\u56F0\u96E3\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u591A\u6578\u4EBA\u540C\u610F\uFF0C\u5BE6\u969B\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5224\u5225\u8A9E\u8A00\u548C\u65B9\u8A00\u7684\u6A19\u6E96\u5F80\u5F80\u662F\u653F\u6CBB\u6027\u7684\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u67D0\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B8C\u6210\u6807\u51C6\u5316\uFF08\u7279\u5225\u662F\u6307\u66F8\u9762\u6A19\u6E96\u5316\uFF09\u7684\u7A0B\u5E8F\uFF0C\u6211\u5011\u901A\u5E38\u5C07\u5176\u7A31\u4E4B\u70BA\u300C\u8A9E\u8A00\u300D\uFF1B\u5982\u679C\u67D0\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\u6C92\u6709\u5B8C\u6210\u9019\u500B\u7A0B\u5E8F\uFF0C\u5247\u6211\u5011\u901A\u5E38\u5C07\u5176\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\uFF08\u672C\u8CEA\u4E0A\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u300C\u975E\u6A19\u6E96\u5316\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\uFF09\u3002\u65B9\u8A00\u7684\u8A9E\u97F3\u5247\u70BA\u300C\u65B9\u97F3\u300D\u3002\u901A\u5E38\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u65B9\u8A00\u6765\u81EA\u4F20\u6388\u8005\u7684\u5B66\u4E60\u504F\u5DEE\uFF0C\u4E14\u5E26\u53BB\u67D0\u5730\u9020\u6210\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0646\u062A\u0645\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062F \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062A\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0633\u0645\u064A\u062A\u0647 \u0644\u063A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B \u0628\u0642\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062A\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A. \u0648\u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629. \u062A\u062E\u0635 \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062E\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649."@ar . . "Dialekto"@eu . . . . . . . . "Dialect is in de taalkunde de benaming voor een talige vari\u00EBteit die niet als standaardtaal geldt. De term kan op minstens drie verschillende manieren worden gebruikt."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "8128"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uBC29\uC5B8 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uBC29\uC5B8(\u65B9\u8A00, \uC601\uC5B4: dialect) \uB610\uB294 \uD45C\uC900\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC758 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC778 \uC0AC\uD22C\uB9AC\uB294 \uD2B9\uC815 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC77C\uCEEB\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uB300\uAC1C \uC9C0\uC5ED \uBC29\uC5B8\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C \uACC4\uCE35\uBCC4, \uC5F0\uB839\uB300\uBCC4\uB85C\uB3C4 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC744 \uB098\uB204\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF9\uB2E8\uC801\uC778 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC778\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC1C\uC778\uC5B4(idiolect)\uAE4C\uC9C0\uB3C4 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC29\uC5B8\uACFC \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uAD6C\uBD84\uD558\uB294 \uAE30\uC900\uC740 \uB69C\uB837\uD558\uAC8C \uC815\uC758\uB0B4\uB9AC\uAE30 \uD798\uB4E4\uB2E4. \uBBFC\uC871, \uBB38\uD559\uC791\uD488\uC758 \uC874\uC7AC \uC5EC\uBD80, \uD0C0 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB098 \uD0C0 \uBC29\uC5B8\uACFC\uC758 \uC758\uC0AC\uC18C\uD1B5\uAC00\uB2A5\uC131 \uB4F1\uC744 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uC73C\uB098, \uAD6D\uAC00 \uAD8C\uB825\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC9C0\uC704\uC640 \uBA85\uCE6D\uC774 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uC77C\uB3C4 \uC788\uAE30\uC5D0 \u201C\uC5B8\uC5B4\uB780 \uC721\uAD70\uACFC \uD574\uAD70\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4 \uBC29\uC5B8\u201D\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uB9D0\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uBA74, \uD78C\uB514\uC5B4\uC640 \uC6B0\uB974\uB450\uC5B4\uB294 \uC11C\uB85C \uC5B4\uD718\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uC788\uC744 \uBFD0 \uADFC\uBCF8\uC73C\uB85C \uAC19\uC740 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC778\uB3C4\uC640 \uD30C\uD0A4\uC2A4\uD0C4\uC758 \uAD6D\uACBD\uC758 \uCC28\uC774 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uC11C\uB85C \uC758\uC0AC\uC18C\uD1B5\uC774 \uBD88\uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB098 \uBC29\uC5B8\uB4E4\uC744 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uBB36\uC740 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D, \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8, \uB77C\uC624\uC2A4, \uCFE0\uBC14\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC815\uCE58\u00B7\uC774\uB150\uC0C1\uC758 \uC774\uC720\uB85C \uD558\uB098\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . "1122266657"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u65B9\u8A00\uFF08\u307B\u3046\u3052\u3093\u3001\u82F1: accent, dialect\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u3042\u308B\u8A00\u8A9E\u304C\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5225\u3005\u306A\u767A\u9054\u3092\u3057\u3001\u97F3\u97FB\u30FB\u6587\u6CD5\u30FB\u8A9E\u5F59\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4E0A\u3067\u76F8\u9055\u306E\u3042\u308B\u3044\u304F\u3064\u304B\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\u570F\u306B\u5206\u304B\u308C\u305F\u3001\u3068\u898B\u306A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3068\u304D\u306E\u3001\u305D\u308C\u305E\u308C\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\u4F53\u7CFB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3042\u308B\u5730\u57DF\u3067\u306E\uFF08\u4ED6\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u3068\u306F\u7570\u306A\u3063\u305F\u9762\u3092\u3082\u3064\uFF09\u8A00\u8A9E\u4F53\u7CFB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u5730\u57DF\u65B9\u8A00\u3068\u3082\u8A00\u3044\u3001\u666E\u901A\u3001\u300C\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\u306F\u5730\u57DF\u65B9\u8A00\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u4E00\u65B9\u3001\u540C\u4E00\u5730\u57DF\u5185\u306B\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u968E\u5C64\u3084\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u9055\u3044\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8A00\u8A9E\u4F53\u7CFB\u304C\u7570\u306A\u308B\u5834\u5408\u306F\u793E\u4F1A\u65B9\u8A00\u3068\u8A00\u3046\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u65B9\u8A00"@ja . . . . "Dialekto estas unu lingva varia\u0135o rilate al alia varia\u0135o, ekzemple la maniero en kiu estas parolata la angla en A\u016Dstralio kaj en Londono. En socia senco, la \u0109efa trajto de la dialektoj estas, ke oni povas rilati ilin al oficiala, norma a\u016D ideala formo de lingvo."@eo . . . . . "Il termine dialetto pu\u00F2 indicare, a seconda del contesto d'uso: \n* in senso linguistico, una variet\u00E0 di una lingua; \n* in senso genealogico, una lingua che si \u00E8 evoluta da un'altra lingua; \n* in senso sociolinguistico, una lingua sociologicamente subordinata ad una lingua politicamente dominante."@it . . "Dialek"@in . . . . "En dialekt (av grekiska \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; di\u00E1lektos) eller ett m\u00E5l (folkm\u00E5l, sockenm\u00E5l, bygdem\u00E5l, allmogem\u00E5l) \u00E4r en spr\u00E5klig varietet med regional (geografisk) bas och viss tidsm\u00E4ssig konstans i motsats till sociolekter som har sin bas i en social grupp, till exempel en samh\u00E4llsklass. Slang och jargong \u00E4r andra varieteter. Idiolekter \u00E4r enskilda individers spr\u00E5k. Begreppet dialekt anv\u00E4nds \u00E4ven om specifika varianter av spr\u00E5k som inte avser m\u00E4nsklig kommunikation, exempelvis datorprogrammeringsspr\u00E5k. Dialekt st\u00E5r i mots\u00E4ttning till standardspr\u00E5k, men det finns ett kontinuum fr\u00E5n neutralt och regionalt standardspr\u00E5k via utj\u00E4mnad dialekt till genuin dialekt (folkm\u00E5l, bygdem\u00E5l)."@sv . . . . . . . . "\uBC29\uC5B8"@ko . . "Dialekt, narzecze \u2013 wieloznaczny termin lingwistyczny. W najog\u00F3lniejszym znaczeniu dialekt to odmiana j\u0119zyka, kt\u00F3ra odznacza si\u0119 swoistymi cechami fonetycznymi, leksykalnymi czy gramatycznymi, odr\u00F3\u017Cniaj\u0105cymi j\u0105 od innych form tego j\u0119zyka. Wszystkie dialekty w jednakowy spos\u00F3b rz\u0105dz\u0105 si\u0119 zespo\u0142em zasad gramatycznych, cho\u0107 ich systemy bywaj\u0105 silnie zr\u00F3\u017Cnicowane. R\u00F3\u017Cnice dialektalne wykazuj\u0105 zasadniczo wszystkie j\u0119zyki \u015Bwiata, przy czym tylko niekt\u00F3re z nich maj\u0105 swoj\u0105 odmian\u0119 og\u00F3ln\u0105, tzw. dialekt standardowy. Pewn\u0105 form\u0105 dialektu (wariantem j\u0119zykowym o ustalonej strukturze) pos\u0142uguje si\u0119 ka\u017Cdy u\u017Cytkownik j\u0119zyka. Czynniki spo\u0142eczne prowadz\u0105 jednak do porzucania \u015Brodk\u00F3w gwarowych na rzecz element\u00F3w j\u0119zyka standardowego, uwa\u017Canych za neutralne geograficznie. Zakres odr\u0119bno\u015Bci dialektalnych r\u00F3\u017Cni si\u0119 w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od j\u0119zyka. Niekt\u00F3re j\u0119zyki, jak np. rosyjski, przejawiaj\u0105 je w stosunkowo niewielkim stopniu, a istniej\u0105ce dialekty maj\u0105 do\u015B\u0107 szeroki zasi\u0119g geograficzny. W przypadku innych j\u0119zyk\u00F3w, takich jak niemiecki, mo\u017Cna wyr\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107 du\u017C\u0105 liczb\u0119 wci\u0105\u017C \u017Cywych dialekt\u00F3w. Same dialekty mog\u0105 by\u0107 zr\u00F3\u017Cnicowane wewn\u0119trznie i wykazywa\u0107 drobne r\u00F3\u017Cnice na poziomie lokalnym (w j\u0119zyku polskim m\u00F3wi si\u0119 w\u00F3wczas o gwarach). Granice mi\u0119dzy poszczeg\u00F3lnymi dialektami bywaj\u0105 nieostre i trudne do wyznaczenia. Badaniem dialekt\u00F3w (zw\u0142aszcza regionalnych) zajmuje si\u0119 dzia\u0142 j\u0119zykoznawstwa \u2013 dialektologia. W rozumieniu dialektologii tradycyjnej dialekt to byt przeciwstawiany j\u0119zykowi standardowemu."@pl . . . . . . . "Dialekt"@pl . . . . . "\u0397 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AE \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2. \u039F \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9: \n* \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B5\u03C9\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03BB\u03BB\u03B1\u03B3\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03C4\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03C1\u03AE\u03C4\u03B7\u03C2, \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03AD\u03C1\u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0399\u03C9\u03B1\u03BD\u03BD\u03AF\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1\u03C2. \u0395\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03B9\u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03C7\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03B7. \n* \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 (sociolects), \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B3\u03BB\u03CE\u03C3\u03C3\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BD\u03AD\u03C9\u03BD, \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03BF\u03BC\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BA\u03BB\u03C0."@el . . . . . "\u65B9\u8A00\uFF08dialect\uFF09\u6307\u7684\u662F\u4E00\u500B\u67D0\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\u7684\u8B8A\u9AD4\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u503C\u5F97\u6CE8\u610F\u7684\u662F\uFF0C\u5728\u5C0D\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u300C\u8A9E\u8A00\u300D\u548C\u300C\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\u9032\u884C\u5B9A\u7FA9\u6642\uFF0C\u7121\u8AD6\u662F\u63A1\u7528\u793E\u6703\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B78\u8005\u300C\u76F8\u4E92\u7406\u89E3\u6027\u300D\u7684\u5224\u5225\u6A19\u6E96\uFF0C\u6216\u8005\u662F\u6B77\u53F2\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B78\u8005\u300C\u6B77\u53F2\u767C\u5C55\u95DC\u4FC2\u300D\u7684\u5224\u5225\u6A19\u6E96\uFF0C\u6211\u5011\u90FD\u7121\u53EF\u907F\u514D\u6703\u78B0\u5230\u6E96\u5247\u4E0A\u76F8\u7576\u7A0B\u5EA6\u7684\u4EFB\u610F\u548C\u56F0\u96E3\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u591A\u6578\u4EBA\u540C\u610F\uFF0C\u5BE6\u969B\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5224\u5225\u8A9E\u8A00\u548C\u65B9\u8A00\u7684\u6A19\u6E96\u5F80\u5F80\u662F\u653F\u6CBB\u6027\u7684\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u67D0\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\u5B8C\u6210\u6807\u51C6\u5316\uFF08\u7279\u5225\u662F\u6307\u66F8\u9762\u6A19\u6E96\u5316\uFF09\u7684\u7A0B\u5E8F\uFF0C\u6211\u5011\u901A\u5E38\u5C07\u5176\u7A31\u4E4B\u70BA\u300C\u8A9E\u8A00\u300D\uFF1B\u5982\u679C\u67D0\u7A2E\u8A9E\u8A00\u6C92\u6709\u5B8C\u6210\u9019\u500B\u7A0B\u5E8F\uFF0C\u5247\u6211\u5011\u901A\u5E38\u5C07\u5176\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\uFF08\u672C\u8CEA\u4E0A\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u300C\u975E\u6A19\u6E96\u5316\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\uFF09\u3002\u65B9\u8A00\u7684\u8A9E\u97F3\u5247\u70BA\u300C\u65B9\u97F3\u300D\u3002\u901A\u5E38\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u65B9\u8A00\u6765\u81EA\u4F20\u6388\u8005\u7684\u5B66\u4E60\u504F\u5DEE\uFF0C\u4E14\u5E26\u53BB\u67D0\u5730\u9020\u6210\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u65B9\u8A00"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dialecto"@es . "Can\u00FAint"@ga . . . . . . . . . . . "Um dialeto (AO 1945: dialecto) (do grego \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, translit. di\u00E1lektos: 'conversa, conversa\u00E7\u00E3o, discuss\u00E3o por perguntas e respostas; maneira de falar, linguagem pr\u00F3pria de um pa\u00EDs) \u00E9 a forma como uma l\u00EDngua \u00E9 realizada numa regi\u00E3o espec\u00EDfica. Trata-se de uma variedade ou variante lingu\u00EDstica. A variante dialetal \u00E9 tamb\u00E9m chamada diat\u00F3pica ou geolingu\u00EDstica. Falantes de uma mesma l\u00EDngua apresentam diferen\u00E7as nos seus modos de falar, de acordo com o lugar em que est\u00E3o (varia\u00E7\u00E3o diat\u00F3pica), com a situa\u00E7\u00E3o de fala ou registro (varia\u00E7\u00E3o diaf\u00E1sica) ou, ainda, de acordo com o n\u00EDvel socioecon\u00F4mico do falante (varia\u00E7\u00E3o diastr\u00E1tica). Dialeto \u00E9 uma variante lingu\u00EDstica constitu\u00EDda por caracter\u00EDsticas fonol\u00F3gicas, sint\u00E1ticas, sem\u00E2nticas e morfol\u00F3gicas pr\u00F3prias. Uma l\u00EDngua pode-se dividir em in\u00FAmeras variedades dialetais, desde as mais abrangentes (e. g. portugu\u00EAs europeu e portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) at\u00E9 \u00E0s subvariedades mais espec\u00EDficas - a exemplo do grupo dialetal transmontano-alto-minhoto, que se inclui nos dialetos portugueses setentrionais eo grupo dialetal ga\u00FAcho, que se inclui no grupo dialetal do sul do Brasil. Os crit\u00E9rios que levam a que um conjunto de dialetos seja considerado uma l\u00EDngua aut\u00F4noma e n\u00E3o uma variedade de outra l\u00EDngua s\u00E3o complexos e frequentemente subvertidos por motivos pol\u00EDticos. A Lingu\u00EDstica considera os seguintes crit\u00E9rios para determinar que um conjunto de dialetos faz parte de uma l\u00EDngua: \n* Crit\u00E9rio da compreens\u00E3o m\u00FAtua: se duas comunidades conseguem facilmente compreender-se ao usarem o seu sistema lingu\u00EDstico, ent\u00E3o elas falam a mesma l\u00EDngua. \n* Crit\u00E9rio da exist\u00EAncia de um corpus lingu\u00EDstico comum: se entre duas comunidades existe um conjunto de obras liter\u00E1rias que s\u00E3o consideradas patrim\u00F4nio de ambas (sem que haja necessidade de tradu\u00E7\u00E3o), ent\u00E3o elas falam a mesma l\u00EDngua. Um dialeto, para ser considerado como tal, tem de ser falado por uma comunidade regional. As caracter\u00EDsticas da l\u00EDngua que n\u00E3o s\u00E3o espec\u00EDficas de um grupo regional s\u00E3o consideradas socioletos (variedades pr\u00F3prias de diferentes grupos sociais, et\u00E1rios ou profissionais) ou idioletos (variedades pr\u00F3prias de cada indiv\u00EDduo). As regi\u00F5es dialetais s\u00E3o estabelecidas por linhas de fronteira virtuais a que se d\u00E1 o nome de isoglossas."@pt . . . . . . "Um dialeto (AO 1945: dialecto) (do grego \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, translit. di\u00E1lektos: 'conversa, conversa\u00E7\u00E3o, discuss\u00E3o por perguntas e respostas; maneira de falar, linguagem pr\u00F3pria de um pa\u00EDs) \u00E9 a forma como uma l\u00EDngua \u00E9 realizada numa regi\u00E3o espec\u00EDfica. Trata-se de uma variedade ou variante lingu\u00EDstica. A variante dialetal \u00E9 tamb\u00E9m chamada diat\u00F3pica ou geolingu\u00EDstica. Dialeto \u00E9 uma variante lingu\u00EDstica constitu\u00EDda por caracter\u00EDsticas fonol\u00F3gicas, sint\u00E1ticas, sem\u00E2nticas e morfol\u00F3gicas pr\u00F3prias. As regi\u00F5es dialetais s\u00E3o estabelecidas por linhas de fronteira virtuais a que se d\u00E1 o nome de isoglossas."@pt . . . . "Dialecte"@ca . "En dialekt (av grekiska \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2; di\u00E1lektos) eller ett m\u00E5l (folkm\u00E5l, sockenm\u00E5l, bygdem\u00E5l, allmogem\u00E5l) \u00E4r en spr\u00E5klig varietet med regional (geografisk) bas och viss tidsm\u00E4ssig konstans i motsats till sociolekter som har sin bas i en social grupp, till exempel en samh\u00E4llsklass. Slang och jargong \u00E4r andra varieteter. Idiolekter \u00E4r enskilda individers spr\u00E5k. Begreppet dialekt anv\u00E4nds \u00E4ven om specifika varianter av spr\u00E5k som inte avser m\u00E4nsklig kommunikation, exempelvis datorprogrammeringsspr\u00E5k. Dialekt st\u00E5r i mots\u00E4ttning till standardspr\u00E5k, men det finns ett kontinuum fr\u00E5n neutralt och regionalt standardspr\u00E5k via utj\u00E4mnad dialekt till genuin dialekt (folkm\u00E5l, bygdem\u00E5l)."@sv . . . "N\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED neboli dialekt (adj. n\u00E1\u0159e\u010Dn\u00ED, z\u0159. n\u00E1\u0159e\u010Dov\u00FD a dialektn\u00ED, dialektov\u00FD, zast. dialektick\u00FD) je: \n* v\u011Bt\u0161inou ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro tradi\u010Dn\u00ED teritori\u00E1ln\u00ED (lok\u00E1ln\u00ED, m\u00EDstn\u00ED) dialekt: \u00FAzemn\u011B (geograficky) vymezen\u00FD \u00FAtvar n\u00E1rodn\u00EDho jazyka, kter\u00FD je ur\u010Den vztahem k jin\u00FDm teritori\u00E1ln\u00EDm \u00FAtvar\u016Fm a k jazyku n\u00E1rodn\u00EDmu; \n* historicko-genealogick\u00E9 ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro jednotliv\u00E9 jazykov\u00E9 rodiny od\u0161t\u011Bpuj\u00EDc\u00ED se ze spole\u010Dn\u00E9ho z\u00E1kladu, nap\u0159. indoevropsk\u00E9ho (dialekty slovansk\u00E9, dialekty germ\u00E1nsk\u00E9 atd.); \n* ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro slang (soci\u00E1ln\u00ED dialekt, soci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, spole\u010Densk\u00E9 n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, speci\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED, vrstvov\u00E9 n\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED); \n* aj."@cs . . . . . . . . . "N\u00E1\u0159e\u010D\u00ED"@cs . . . "The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the Ancient Greek word \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, di\u00E1lektos 'discourse', from \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC, di\u00E1 'through' and \u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03C9, l\u00E9g\u014D 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena:"@en . . . "( \uB2E4\uB978 \uB73B\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uBC29\uC5B8 (\uB3D9\uC74C\uC774\uC758) \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uBC29\uC5B8(\u65B9\u8A00, \uC601\uC5B4: dialect) \uB610\uB294 \uD45C\uC900\uC5B4\uAC00 \uC544\uB2CC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC758 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC778 \uC0AC\uD22C\uB9AC\uB294 \uD2B9\uC815 \uC9D1\uB2E8\uC5D0\uC11C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uC77C\uCEEB\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uB300\uAC1C \uC9C0\uC5ED \uBC29\uC5B8\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD558\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C \uACC4\uCE35\uBCC4, \uC5F0\uB839\uB300\uBCC4\uB85C\uB3C4 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC744 \uB098\uB204\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF9\uB2E8\uC801\uC778 \uACBD\uC6B0 \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC778\uC774 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uB294 \uAC1C\uC778\uC5B4(idiolect)\uAE4C\uC9C0\uB3C4 \uBC29\uC5B8\uC73C\uB85C \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBC29\uC5B8\uACFC \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB97C \uAD6C\uBD84\uD558\uB294 \uAE30\uC900\uC740 \uB69C\uB837\uD558\uAC8C \uC815\uC758\uB0B4\uB9AC\uAE30 \uD798\uB4E4\uB2E4. \uBBFC\uC871, \uBB38\uD559\uC791\uD488\uC758 \uC874\uC7AC \uC5EC\uBD80, \uD0C0 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB098 \uD0C0 \uBC29\uC5B8\uACFC\uC758 \uC758\uC0AC\uC18C\uD1B5\uAC00\uB2A5\uC131 \uB4F1\uC744 \uAE30\uC900\uC73C\uB85C \uC0BC\uC744 \uC218 \uC788\uC73C\uB098, \uAD6D\uAC00 \uAD8C\uB825\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC758 \uC9C0\uC704\uC640 \uBA85\uCE6D\uC774 \uACB0\uC815\uB418\uB294 \uC77C\uB3C4 \uC788\uAE30\uC5D0 \u201C\uC5B8\uC5B4\uB780 \uC721\uAD70\uACFC \uD574\uAD70\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4 \uBC29\uC5B8\u201D\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uB9D0\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uBA74, \uD78C\uB514\uC5B4\uC640 \uC6B0\uB974\uB450\uC5B4\uB294 \uC11C\uB85C \uC5B4\uD718\uC758 \uCC28\uC774\uAC00 \uC788\uC744 \uBFD0 \uADFC\uBCF8\uC73C\uB85C \uAC19\uC740 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC778\uB3C4\uC640 \uD30C\uD0A4\uC2A4\uD0C4\uC758 \uAD6D\uACBD\uC758 \uCC28\uC774 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uC11C\uB85C \uB2E4\uB978 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uB41C\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB294 \uC11C\uB85C \uC758\uC0AC\uC18C\uD1B5\uC774 \uBD88\uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uC5EC\uB7EC \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB098 \uBC29\uC5B8\uB4E4\uC744 \uD558\uB098\uB85C \uBB36\uC740 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uBCFC \uC218 \uC788\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D, \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8, \uB77C\uC624\uC2A4, \uCFE0\uBC14\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC815\uCE58\u00B7\uC774\uB150\uC0C1\uC758 \uC774\uC720\uB85C \uD558\uB098\uC758 \uC5B8\uC5B4\uB85C \uBD84\uB958\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u0394\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2"@el . . . . . "Dialek (bahasa Yunani: \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2, dialektos) adalah varietas bahasa yang melingkupi suatu kelompok penutur. Dialek berkontras dengan ragam bahasa, yaitu bentuk bahasa yang diperbedakan menurut konteks pemakaian. Variasi ini memiliki perbedaan satu sama lain, tetapi masih banyak menunjukkan kemiripan linguistik sehingga belum pantas disebut bahasa yang berbeda. Walaupun begitu, pembedaan konsep dialek dan bahasa tersendiri sering kali dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor simbolis dan sosiopolitik, bukan ilmu bahasa. Menurut definisi yang lebih terbatas, dialek merupakan varietas bahasa yang berkontras dengan bahasa baku. Dalam pengertian populer, istilah dialek juga digunakan untuk merujuk kepada bahasa yang tidak digunakan dalam bentuk tulis. Definisi ini umumnya tidak diterima dalam ilmu linguist"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Un dialecte \u00E9s una varietat d'una llengua, parlada en una certa \u00E0rea geogr\u00E0fica. Els ling\u00FCistes l'utilitzen en sentit hist\u00F2ric-gen\u00E8tic per referir-se a lleng\u00FCes que deriven d'altres anomenant-les dialectes i en sentit sincr\u00F2nic-descriptiu per referir-se a una varietat d'una llengua. El nombre de parlants, i l'\u00E0rea mateixa, poden ser de qualsevol grand\u00E0ria. Un dialecte d'una \u00E0rea gran pot tenir molts subdialectes; alhora, un subdialecte pot tenir subsubdialectes i parlars, i aix\u00ED successivament. Les isoglosses caracter\u00EDstiques d'un dialecte poden passar la majoria pel mateix lloc o no. En aquest segon cas, l'\u00E0rea en la qual es distribueixin ser\u00E0 una i hi trobarem un . Els dialectes tamb\u00E9 poden procedir de l'evoluci\u00F3 in situ d'un idioma anterior, aleshores es parla de dialecte constitutiu. Per contra, si el lloc on es parla un dialecte no \u00E9s el de la seva formaci\u00F3 es parla de dialecte consecutiu. L'estudis dels dialectes s'anomena dialectologia. El concepte de dialecte es distingeix del de sociolecte, pel fet que aquest \u00E9s una varietat d'un idioma parlada per un cert estrat social, aix\u00ED com un \u00E9s la varietat d'un grup generacional o la varietat d'un per\u00EDode hist\u00F2ric. Totes tres varietats, per\u00F2, tenen en com\u00FA que s\u00F3n varietats d'un grup i, dins ell, d'una persona. El conjunt de varietats amb qu\u00E8 s'expressa cada persona, dialectals o no, inclosos els trets personals, formen el seu idiolecte. En oposici\u00F3 als dialectes, d'abast limitat, hi ha la llengua est\u00E0ndard, que \u00E9s la varietat que es codifica per als usos p\u00FAblics m\u00E9s formals i generals (per exemple, l'est\u00E0ndard escrit) i que est\u00E0, doncs, m\u00E9s aviat relacionada amb els registres. Totes les varietats, dialectals o no, poden distingir-se no sols pel seu l\u00E8xic, sin\u00F3 tamb\u00E9 per difer\u00E8ncies en la gram\u00E0tica (morfologia i sintaxi), la fon\u00E8tica i la pros\u00F2dia. No obstant aix\u00F2, una llengua pot tenir m\u00E9s d'una varietat est\u00E0ndard, com \u00E9s el cas de l'angl\u00E8s, en el qual tenim diferent ortografia i vocabulari est\u00E0ndard per a l'angl\u00E8s brit\u00E0nic, l'angl\u00E8s americ\u00E0 i l'angl\u00E8s de l'\u00CDndia. Tots ells es consideren variants est\u00E0ndards de la mateixa llengua. Aquest tipus de lleng\u00FCes s'anomenen lleng\u00FCes pluric\u00E8ntriques. En el cas del catal\u00E0 s'ha parlat alhora de l'exist\u00E8ncia d'un est\u00E0ndard polic\u00E8ntric i d'un est\u00E0ndard composicional. L'est\u00E0ndard catal\u00E0 \u00E9s composicional per la voluntat del seu autor, Pompeu Fabra, de crear una llengua nacional, perqu\u00E8 en la majoria d'aspectes s'ha adoptat per a l'\u00FAs general una soluci\u00F3 que havia arribat a ser pr\u00F2pia d'una part del territori, com \u00E9s el cas de l'ortografia, basada en la fon\u00E8tica del catal\u00E0 occidental. Tamb\u00E9 \u00E9s el cas, en general, de la fon\u00E8tica (guaita, guaitar, home i no *goita, *goitar, *homo), amb l'excepci\u00F3 del vocalisme \u00E0ton (trobar\u00E9) i de la vocal t\u00F2nica procedent de la E llarga i la I breu del llat\u00ED (ceba), en qu\u00E8 en cada gran dialecte s'admet en la llengua formal o est\u00E0ndard la soluci\u00F3 pr\u00F2pia. Aquests dos aspectes, per\u00F2, no s\u00F3n problem\u00E0tics perqu\u00E8 pr\u00F2piament no hi ha alternatives excloents: les correspond\u00E8ncies entre els dialectes s\u00F3n sistem\u00E0tiques, no afecten l'ortografia i no entrebanquen gens la comprensi\u00F3 m\u00FAtua. Per contra, \u00E9s problem\u00E0tica l'admissi\u00F3 de diferents variants en la morfologia verbal (polimorfisme), perqu\u00E8 implica que hi poden haver diferents versions d'un mateix text. Justament, aquest model polim\u00F2rfic \u00E9s el que explica que es parli de l'exist\u00E8ncia de diferents ."@ca . . . . . . . "\u65B9\u8A00\uFF08\u307B\u3046\u3052\u3093\u3001\u82F1: accent, dialect\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u3042\u308B\u8A00\u8A9E\u304C\u5730\u57DF\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5225\u3005\u306A\u767A\u9054\u3092\u3057\u3001\u97F3\u97FB\u30FB\u6587\u6CD5\u30FB\u8A9E\u5F59\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4E0A\u3067\u76F8\u9055\u306E\u3042\u308B\u3044\u304F\u3064\u304B\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\u570F\u306B\u5206\u304B\u308C\u305F\u3001\u3068\u898B\u306A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3068\u304D\u306E\u3001\u305D\u308C\u305E\u308C\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u306E\u8A00\u8A9E\u4F53\u7CFB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u3042\u308B\u5730\u57DF\u3067\u306E\uFF08\u4ED6\u306E\u5730\u57DF\u3068\u306F\u7570\u306A\u3063\u305F\u9762\u3092\u3082\u3064\uFF09\u8A00\u8A9E\u4F53\u7CFB\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u5730\u57DF\u65B9\u8A00\u3068\u3082\u8A00\u3044\u3001\u666E\u901A\u3001\u300C\u65B9\u8A00\u300D\u306F\u5730\u57DF\u65B9\u8A00\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u4E00\u65B9\u3001\u540C\u4E00\u5730\u57DF\u5185\u306B\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u793E\u4F1A\u968E\u5C64\u3084\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u9055\u3044\u306A\u3069\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8A00\u8A9E\u4F53\u7CFB\u304C\u7570\u306A\u308B\u5834\u5408\u306F\u793E\u4F1A\u65B9\u8A00\u3068\u8A00\u3046\u3002"@ja . "\u0414\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 (\u0430\u0431\u043E \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03B9, dialegomai \u00AB\u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044C, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435 \u0437 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u00BB \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2), \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u044F\u043A \u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u2014 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043E\u043A \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0438\u0439: \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u2192 \u0441\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044F \u2192 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u2192 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442/\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0430. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u044F\u043A \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043D\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Un dialecte \u00E9s una varietat d'una llengua, parlada en una certa \u00E0rea geogr\u00E0fica. Els ling\u00FCistes l'utilitzen en sentit hist\u00F2ric-gen\u00E8tic per referir-se a lleng\u00FCes que deriven d'altres anomenant-les dialectes i en sentit sincr\u00F2nic-descriptiu per referir-se a una varietat d'una llengua. El nombre de parlants, i l'\u00E0rea mateixa, poden ser de qualsevol grand\u00E0ria. Un dialecte d'una \u00E0rea gran pot tenir molts subdialectes; alhora, un subdialecte pot tenir subsubdialectes i parlars, i aix\u00ED successivament. Les isoglosses caracter\u00EDstiques d'un dialecte poden passar la majoria pel mateix lloc o no. En aquest segon cas, l'\u00E0rea en la qual es distribueixin ser\u00E0 una i hi trobarem un . Els dialectes tamb\u00E9 poden procedir de l'evoluci\u00F3 in situ d'un idioma anterior, aleshores es parla de dialecte constitutiu. "@ca . . . . "An bhr\u00ED at\u00E1 le can\u00FAint n\u00E1 modh cainte a bhaineann le ceantar n\u00F3 le haicme ar leith."@ga . "\u0644\u0647\u062C\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "Ein Dialekt (lateinisch dialectus und dialectos, altgriechisch \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 di\u00E1lektos, deutsch \u201AGespr\u00E4ch/Diskussion\u2018, \u201ARedeweise\u2018, \u201ADialekt/Mundart\u2018, \u201ASprache\u2018, von altgriechisch \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03B5\u03C3\u03B8\u03B1\u03B9 dial\u00E9gesthai, deutsch \u201Amit jemandem reden\u2018), auch als Mundart bezeichnet, ist eine lokale oder regionale Sprachvariet\u00E4t. Er kann sich von anderen Dialekten wie auch von der Standardsprache (urspr\u00FCnglich Schriftsprache) in allen Sprachbereichen, wie Phonologie (Lautsystem), Grammatik \u2013 (Morphologie) (Formenlehre), Syntax (Satzlehre) \u2013 Lexik (Wortschatz) und Idiomatik unterscheiden."@de . . . . . . . "En ling\u00FC\u00EDstica, la palabra dialecto geogr\u00E1fico\u200B, geolecto o variedad diat\u00F3pica hace referencia a una de las posibles variedades de una lengua;\u200B frecuentemente se usa el t\u00E9rmino dialecto para referirse a una variante geogr\u00E1fica de una lengua asociada con una determinada zona (de ah\u00ED que tambi\u00E9n se use como t\u00E9rmino sin\u00F3nimo la palabra geolecto o, en terminolog\u00EDa de Eugenio Coseriu, las expresiones variedad sint\u00F3pica y norma espacial).[cita requerida] El n\u00FAmero de hablantes y el tama\u00F1o de la zona dialectal pueden ser variables y un dialecto puede estar, a su vez, dividido en subdialectos (o hablas).[cita requerida] Para el acad\u00E9mico y profesor visitante en la Universidad de California, Manuel Alvar, considerado uno de los expertos en \u00ABgeograf\u00EDa ling\u00FC\u00EDstica\u00BB,\u200B alej\u00E1ndose de asociaci\u00F3n de \u00ABhechos pol\u00EDticos con hechos ling\u00FC\u00EDsticos\u00BB busca criterios cient\u00EDficos\u200B por los cuales considera, tras una larga argumentaci\u00F3n, que, a este respecto, es procedente definir varios conceptos que no deben confundirse. A saber:\u200B 1. \n* Lengua que define como \u00ABsistema ling\u00FC\u00EDstico del que se vale una comunidad hablante y que se caracteriza por estar fuertemente diferenciado, por poseer un alto grado de nivelaci\u00F3n, por ser veh\u00EDculo de una importante tradici\u00F3n literaria y, en ocasiones, por haberse impuesto a sistemas ling\u00FC\u00EDsticos de su mismo origen\u00BB.\u200B 2. \n* Dialecto que define como \u00ABun sistema de signos desgajado de una lengua com\u00FAn viva o desaparecida, normalmente, con una concreta limitaci\u00F3n geogr\u00E1fica, pero sin una fuerte diferenciaci\u00F3n frente a otros de origen com\u00FAn\u00BB.\u200B\u200B 3. \n* Habla regional que define como \u00ABlas peculiaridades expresivas propias de una regi\u00F3n determinada cuando carezcan de la coherencia que tiene el dialecto\u00BB.\u200B 4. \n* Habla local que define como \u00ABestructuras ling\u00FC\u00EDsticas de rasgos poco diferenciados, pero con matices caracter\u00EDsticos dentro de la estructura regional a la que pertenecen y cuyos usos est\u00E1n limitados a peque\u00F1as circunscripciones geogr\u00E1ficas, normalmente con car\u00E1cter administrativo (municipio, parroquia, valle)\u00BB.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . "Ein Dialekt (lateinisch dialectus und dialectos, altgriechisch \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 di\u00E1lektos, deutsch \u201AGespr\u00E4ch/Diskussion\u2018, \u201ARedeweise\u2018, \u201ADialekt/Mundart\u2018, \u201ASprache\u2018, von altgriechisch \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BB\u03AD\u03B3\u03B5\u03C3\u03B8\u03B1\u03B9 dial\u00E9gesthai, deutsch \u201Amit jemandem reden\u2018), auch als Mundart bezeichnet, ist eine lokale oder regionale Sprachvariet\u00E4t. Er kann sich von anderen Dialekten wie auch von der Standardsprache (urspr\u00FCnglich Schriftsprache) in allen Sprachbereichen, wie Phonologie (Lautsystem), Grammatik \u2013 (Morphologie) (Formenlehre), Syntax (Satzlehre) \u2013 Lexik (Wortschatz) und Idiomatik unterscheiden. Vom Begriff \u201EDialekt\u201C ist der Begriff Akzent deutlich abzugrenzen, da dieser sich nur auf die Aussprache und die Betonung bezieht. Derjenige Teil der Sprachwissenschaft, der sich mit der Beschreibung der Dialekte befasst, hei\u00DFt Dialektologie. In der neueren Linguistik befasst sich auch die Soziolinguistik mit Dialekten. Soweit literarische Werke in einem Dialekt verfasst sind, spricht man von Dialektliteratur."@de .