. . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u062A\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0642\u0648\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0641\u0647\u064A \u062A\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0628\u062F\u0644\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645\u064A. \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060C \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A\u064A\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0648\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647\u064A\u0629"@ar . . "\u6307\u5BFC\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF08dirigisme\u6216dirigism\uFF0C\u6E90\u81EA\u6CD5\u8A9Ediriger\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u8BD1\u7EDF\u5236\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u8AAA\uFF0C\u570B\u5BB6\u626E\u6F14\u8457\u5F37\u6709\u529B\u7684\u6307\u5C0E\u89D2\u8272\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u50C5\u50C5\u662F\u5C0D\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5E02\u5834\u7D93\u6FDF\u7684\u76E3\u7BA1\u5E72\u9810\u89D2\u8272\u3002\u4F5C\u70BA\u4E00\u7A2E\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u8AAA\uFF0C\u6307\u5BFC\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8207\u81EA\u7531\u653E\u4EFB\u76F8\u53CD\uFF0C\u5F37\u8ABF\u570B\u5BB6\u5E72\u9810\u5728\u904F\u5236\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u751F\u7522\u6548\u7387\u4F4E\u4E0B\u548C\u5E02\u5834\u5931\u9748\u65B9\u9762\u7684\u7A4D\u6975\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u6307\u5BFC\u653F\u7B56\u901A\u5E38\u5305\u62EC\u7ECF\u6D4E\u898F\u5283\u3001\u570B\u5BB6\u6307\u5C0E\u7684\u6295\u8CC7\u4EE5\u53CA\u4F7F\u7528\u5E02\u5834\u5DE5\u5177\uFF08\u7A05\u6536\u548C\u88DC\u8CBC\uFF09\u4F86\u6FC0\u52F5\u5E02\u5834\u5BE6\u9AD4\u5BE6\u73FE\u570B\u5BB6\u7D93\u6FDF\u76EE\u6A19\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "Dirigisme"@sv . "El dirigismo (del franc\u00E9s \"dirigisme\") es un concepto pol\u00EDtico-econ\u00F3mico usado para designar un sistema en el cual el gobierno ejercita una fuerte influencia directiva en los sectores econ\u00F3micos, generalmente no a trav\u00E9s del intervencionismo o de la estatizaci\u00F3n sino del uso de incentivos para promover pr\u00E1cticas que son de inter\u00E9s p\u00FAblico o general. A pesar de que muchos consideran que tal influencia es, por definici\u00F3n, excesiva (la RAE, por ejemplo, define el t\u00E9rmino como significando \"Tendencia del gobierno o de cualquier autoridad a intervenir de manera abusiva en determinada actividad.\"), esto no es necesariamente el caso. Igualmente, el concepto ha sido usado para designar una econom\u00EDa centralizada en la cual el gobierno o Estado efectivamente controla los mecanismos de producci\u00F3n y distribuci\u00F3n, etc. -es decir, como equivalentes a ciertos sistemas socialistas o colectivistas como en el caso del Estado socialista- o tiene incluso en el presente en Francia (y a trav\u00E9s de esta en otros pa\u00EDses), donde es usada generalmente para designar un sistema esencialmente intervencionista con participaci\u00F3n fuerte del Estado, espec\u00EDficamente con un rol estatal de . En otras palabras, es un sistema que puede ser considerado como Keynesianismo o Econom\u00EDa social de mercado. En ese sentido, muchas econom\u00EDas modernas pueden ser caracterizadas como con alg\u00FAn grado de \"dirigismo\" (ver econom\u00EDa mixta), por ejemplo, el gobierno generalmente subsidia estudios y desarrollos cient\u00EDficos o t\u00E9cnicos o promueve la industria nacional a trav\u00E9s de programas fiscales, por ejemplo, producci\u00F3n y compra de material militar, sanitarios, educativos, etc."@es . . . . . "Unter Dirigismus versteht man die vollst\u00E4ndige zentrale Lenkung der gesamten Volkswirtschaft durch den Staat mit dem Instrument der Planwirtschaft. Gegens\u00E4tze sind das Laissez-faire des Wirtschaftsliberalismus oder die Marktwirtschaft."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1123383507"^^ . . "Dirigisme or dirigism (from French diriger 'to direct') is an economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directive (policies) role contrary to a merely regulatory interventionist role over a market economy. As an economic doctrine, dirigisme is the opposite of laissez-faire, stressing a positive role for state intervention in curbing productive inefficiencies and market failures. Dirigiste policies often include indicative planning, state-directed investment, and the use of market instruments (taxes and subsidies) to incentivize market entities to fulfill state economic objectives. The term emerged in the post-World War II era to describe the economic policies of France which included substantial state-directed investment, the use of indicative economic planning to supplement the market mechanism and the establishment of state enterprises in strategic domestic sectors. It coincided with both the period of substantial economic and demographic growth, known as the Trente Glorieuses which followed the war, and the slowdown beginning with the 1973 oil crisis. The term has subsequently been used to classify other economies that pursued similar policies, such as Japan, the East Asian tiger economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and the Republic of China (ROC), and more recently the economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) after the Chinese economic reform. Most modern economies can be characterized as dirigiste to some degree as the state may exercise directive action by performing or subsidizing research and development of new technologies through government procurement (especially military) or through state-run research institutes."@en . . . . . "\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC8FC\uC758(\u6307\u5C0E\u4E3B\u7FA9, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Dirigisme)\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAD11\uBC94\uC704\uD55C \uD1B5\uC81C\uB97C \uC218\uBC18\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C \uC815\uCC45 \uBC0F \uADF8 \uC815\uCC45 \uC774\uB150\uC744 \uB73B\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . "Dirigisme"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dirigisme"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC8FC\uC758"@ko . . . . . . . . . . "Dirigisme \u00E4r ett begrepp inom framf\u00F6r allt fransk politik, med betoning p\u00E5 statliga ingrepp i ekonomin. Termen har varit brett anv\u00E4nd sedan Charles de Gaulles regeringstid. Hans politik, gaullismen, avvisade b\u00E5de kommunism och kapitalism, vilket kommit att \u00F6verbrygga klyftan mellan den f\u00F6rment h\u00F6gerorienterade gaullismen och det sedermera starka Socialistpartiet. Begreppet nyaktualiserades genom valet av gaullisten Jacques Chirac (tidigare minister under de Gaulle) till presidentposten 1995. Fast\u00E4n ej uttalad socialist hade Chirac lovat \u00F6verbrygga de ekonomiska klyftorna i Frankrike som vidgats under Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrands mer pragmatiska ekonomiska politik. J\u00E4mf\u00F6r etatism."@sv . . "\u6307\u5BFC\u4E3B\u4E49"@zh . "Dirigisme (del franc\u00E9s \"dirigisme\") \u00E9s un concepte pol\u00EDtic-econ\u00F2mic utilitzat per a designar un sistema en el qual el govern exercita una forta influ\u00E8ncia directiva en els sectors econ\u00F2mics, generalment no a trav\u00E9s de l'intervencionisme o de l'estatitzaci\u00F3 sin\u00F3 de l'\u00FAs d'incentius per a promoure pr\u00E0ctiques que s\u00F3n d'inter\u00E8s p\u00FAblic o general. A pesar que molts consideren que tal influencia \u00E9s, per definici\u00F3, excessiva (el DNV, per exemple, defineix el terme com significant \"Tend\u00E8ncia del Govern o de qualsevol autoritat a intervindre d'una manera abusiva en una determinada activitat.\"), aix\u00F2 no \u00E9s necess\u00E0riament el cas. Igualment, a pesar que el concepte ha sigut usat per a designar una economia centralitzada en la qual el govern o l'estat efectivament controla els mecanismes de producci\u00F3 i distribuci\u00F3, etc. -\u00E9s a dir, com a equivalents a certs sistemes socialistes o col\u00B7lectivistes com en el cas de l'Estat socialista- eixe no \u00E9s el sentit que la paraula tenia originalment o t\u00E9 fins i tot en el present a Fran\u00E7a (i a trav\u00E9s d'aquesta en altres pa\u00EFsos), on \u00E9s usada generalment per a designar un sistema essencialment capitalista amb participaci\u00F3 forta de l'Estat, espec\u00EDficament amb un rol estatal de coordinaci\u00F3. En altres paraules, \u00E9s un sistema que pot ser considerat com a capitalisme d'Estat. En tal sentit, moltes economies modernes poden ser caracteritzades com amb algun grau de \"dirigisme\" (vegeu economia mixta), per exemple, el govern generalment subsidia estudis i desenvolupaments cient\u00EDfics o t\u00E8cnics o promou la ind\u00FAstria nacional a trav\u00E9s de programes fiscals, per exemple, producci\u00F3 i compra de material militar, sanitaris, educatius, etc."@ca . . . . . "Unter Dirigismus versteht man die vollst\u00E4ndige zentrale Lenkung der gesamten Volkswirtschaft durch den Staat mit dem Instrument der Planwirtschaft. Gegens\u00E4tze sind das Laissez-faire des Wirtschaftsliberalismus oder die Marktwirtschaft."@de . "Dirigismo"@it . . . . "Dirigisme (del franc\u00E9s \"dirigisme\") \u00E9s un concepte pol\u00EDtic-econ\u00F2mic utilitzat per a designar un sistema en el qual el govern exercita una forta influ\u00E8ncia directiva en els sectors econ\u00F2mics, generalment no a trav\u00E9s de l'intervencionisme o de l'estatitzaci\u00F3 sin\u00F3 de l'\u00FAs d'incentius per a promoure pr\u00E0ctiques que s\u00F3n d'inter\u00E8s p\u00FAblic o general."@ca . . . . . . . . . "Dirigisme or dirigism (from French diriger 'to direct') is an economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directive (policies) role contrary to a merely regulatory interventionist role over a market economy. As an economic doctrine, dirigisme is the opposite of laissez-faire, stressing a positive role for state intervention in curbing productive inefficiencies and market failures. Dirigiste policies often include indicative planning, state-directed investment, and the use of market instruments (taxes and subsidies) to incentivize market entities to fulfill state economic objectives."@en . . . "Il dirigismo (dal francese dirigisme) \u00E8 una politica economica in cui il governo esercita una forte influenza sui settori produttivi, attraverso un sistema di incentivi che indirizzano l'economia verso quello che viene riconosciuto come l'interesse pubblico o generale. Per tale ragione, il dirigismo si distingue marcatamente da quelle forme di economia pianificata, come i sistemi statali socialisti e collettivisti, a cui \u00E8 stato spesso associato, in cui lo Stato controlla direttamente i processi produttivi e distributivi. Esso infatti indica un sistema essenzialmente capitalista in cui lo Stato partecipa in maniera attiva conservando un ruolo prettamente coordinativo. Si pu\u00F2 definire in altre parole come una variante del Capitalismo di Stato. In questo senso la politica economica di molti Stati, tra cui la maggior parte di quelli occidentali, contiene un certo grado di dirigismo. Sono infatti esempi di dirigismo i sussidi alla ricerca scientifica e i programmi di spesa pubblica, come le forniture militari, sanitarie, ecc."@it . "Dirigismo"@es . . . . . . . . . . "Dirigismo \u00E9 uma doutrina econ\u00F4mica na qual o estado desempenha um forte papel diretivo em oposi\u00E7\u00E3o a um papel meramente regulador ou n\u00E3o intervencionista sobre uma economia de mercado capitalista. Como doutrina econ\u00F4mica, o dirigismo \u00E9 o oposto do laissez-faire, enfatizando um papel positivo para a interven\u00E7\u00E3o do Estado na conten\u00E7\u00E3o de inefici\u00EAncias produtivas e falhas de mercado. As pol\u00EDticas do Dirigismo geralmente incluem o , investimentos feitos por parte do Estado e o uso de instrumentos de mercado como impostos e subs\u00EDdios, para incentivar as entidades de mercado a cumprirem os objetivos econ\u00F4micos do Estado. O termo surgiu na era do p\u00F3s-guerra para descrever as pol\u00EDticas econ\u00F4micas da Fran\u00E7a, que inclu\u00EDam grandes investimentos feitos pelo estado, o uso de um planejamento econ\u00F4mico indicativo para complementar o mecanismo de mercado e o estabelecimento de empresas estatais em setores estrat\u00E9gicos. Coincidiu tanto com o per\u00EDodo de crescimento econ\u00F4mico e demogr\u00E1fico conhecido como os Trinta Anos Gloriosos, posterior \u00E0 guerra, quanto com a desacelera\u00E7\u00E3o iniciada com a crise petrol\u00EDfera de 1973. O termo foi posteriormente utilizado para classificar outras economias que seguiram pol\u00EDticas semelhantes, mais notavelmente as economias dos tigres asi\u00E1ticos, a \u00CDndia durante o per\u00EDodo pr\u00E9-liberaliza\u00E7\u00E3o e, mais recentemente, a economia da Rep\u00FAblica Popular da China. O capitalismo de estado \u00E9 um conceito relacionado. A maioria das economias modernas podem ser caracterizadas como dirigistas em um certo grau, pois o estado pode exercer a\u00E7\u00E3o diretiva realizando ou subsidiando pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias por meio de compras governamentais (especialmente no setor militar) ou por meio de institutos de pesquisa administrados pelo estado."@pt . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C (\u0444\u0440. Dirigisme) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0437 \u0431\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0425\u0425 \u0441\u0442. \u0443 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D XX \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u0456\u044F, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0437\u0456\u044F, \u041F\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D, \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044E (laissez-faire), \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043B\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0456 \u043C\u0456\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . "Dirigismo \u00E9 uma doutrina econ\u00F4mica na qual o estado desempenha um forte papel diretivo em oposi\u00E7\u00E3o a um papel meramente regulador ou n\u00E3o intervencionista sobre uma economia de mercado capitalista. Como doutrina econ\u00F4mica, o dirigismo \u00E9 o oposto do laissez-faire, enfatizando um papel positivo para a interven\u00E7\u00E3o do Estado na conten\u00E7\u00E3o de inefici\u00EAncias produtivas e falhas de mercado. As pol\u00EDticas do Dirigismo geralmente incluem o , investimentos feitos por parte do Estado e o uso de instrumentos de mercado como impostos e subs\u00EDdios, para incentivar as entidades de mercado a cumprirem os objetivos econ\u00F4micos do Estado."@pt . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043C (\u0444\u0440. dirigisme) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 40-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 XX \u0432. \u0432\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0424. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443 \u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E (\u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E) \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044B \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044F, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0418\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0437\u0438\u044F, \u041F\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D, \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D \u043D\u0435\u0432\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 (laissez-faire), \u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043B\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0438 \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "18236"^^ . . . "\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC8FC\uC758(\u6307\u5C0E\u4E3B\u7FA9, \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5B4: Dirigisme)\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uAD11\uBC94\uC704\uD55C \uD1B5\uC81C\uB97C \uC218\uBC18\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC81C \uC815\uCC45 \uBC0F \uADF8 \uC815\uCC45 \uC774\uB150\uC744 \uB73B\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "Dirigismus"@de . . . . "Dirigismo"@pt . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C"@ru . . . . . . . "El dirigismo (del franc\u00E9s \"dirigisme\") es un concepto pol\u00EDtico-econ\u00F3mico usado para designar un sistema en el cual el gobierno ejercita una fuerte influencia directiva en los sectores econ\u00F3micos, generalmente no a trav\u00E9s del intervencionismo o de la estatizaci\u00F3n sino del uso de incentivos para promover pr\u00E1cticas que son de inter\u00E9s p\u00FAblico o general."@es . "\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C (\u0444\u0440. Dirigisme) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0437 \u0431\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0425\u0425 \u0441\u0442. \u0443 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D XX \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0406\u043D\u0434\u0456\u044F, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0406\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0435\u0437\u0456\u044F, \u041F\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D, \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0456\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044E (laissez-faire), \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043B\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0443 \u0456 \u043C\u0456\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk . . "\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043C"@uk . . "909320"^^ . "Dirigisme \u00E4r ett begrepp inom framf\u00F6r allt fransk politik, med betoning p\u00E5 statliga ingrepp i ekonomin. Termen har varit brett anv\u00E4nd sedan Charles de Gaulles regeringstid. Hans politik, gaullismen, avvisade b\u00E5de kommunism och kapitalism, vilket kommit att \u00F6verbrygga klyftan mellan den f\u00F6rment h\u00F6gerorienterade gaullismen och det sedermera starka Socialistpartiet. Begreppet nyaktualiserades genom valet av gaullisten Jacques Chirac (tidigare minister under de Gaulle) till presidentposten 1995. Fast\u00E4n ej uttalad socialist hade Chirac lovat \u00F6verbrygga de ekonomiska klyftorna i Frankrike som vidgats under Fran\u00E7ois Mitterrands mer pragmatiska ekonomiska politik."@sv . "Le dirigisme est une doctrine \u00E9conomique d\u00E9finie par un interventionnisme important de l'\u00C9tat dans le syst\u00E8me \u00E9conomique afin de r\u00E9guler l'activit\u00E9 des march\u00E9s. Le dirigisme peut accepter l'utilit\u00E9 \u00E9conomique de ces march\u00E9s, mais consid\u00E8re importante une intervention r\u00E9guli\u00E8re dans le but de les soumettre \u00E0 une volont\u00E9 politique."@fr . . . "Le dirigisme est une doctrine \u00E9conomique d\u00E9finie par un interventionnisme important de l'\u00C9tat dans le syst\u00E8me \u00E9conomique afin de r\u00E9guler l'activit\u00E9 des march\u00E9s. Le dirigisme peut accepter l'utilit\u00E9 \u00E9conomique de ces march\u00E9s, mais consid\u00E8re importante une intervention r\u00E9guli\u00E8re dans le but de les soumettre \u00E0 une volont\u00E9 politique."@fr . . . "\u6307\u5BFC\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF08dirigisme\u6216dirigism\uFF0C\u6E90\u81EA\u6CD5\u8A9Ediriger\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u8BD1\u7EDF\u5236\u4E3B\u4E49\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u8AAA\uFF0C\u570B\u5BB6\u626E\u6F14\u8457\u5F37\u6709\u529B\u7684\u6307\u5C0E\u89D2\u8272\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u50C5\u50C5\u662F\u5C0D\u8CC7\u672C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5E02\u5834\u7D93\u6FDF\u7684\u76E3\u7BA1\u5E72\u9810\u89D2\u8272\u3002\u4F5C\u70BA\u4E00\u7A2E\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u8AAA\uFF0C\u6307\u5BFC\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8207\u81EA\u7531\u653E\u4EFB\u76F8\u53CD\uFF0C\u5F37\u8ABF\u570B\u5BB6\u5E72\u9810\u5728\u904F\u5236\u6240\u8B02\u7684\u751F\u7522\u6548\u7387\u4F4E\u4E0B\u548C\u5E02\u5834\u5931\u9748\u65B9\u9762\u7684\u7A4D\u6975\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u6307\u5BFC\u653F\u7B56\u901A\u5E38\u5305\u62EC\u7ECF\u6D4E\u898F\u5283\u3001\u570B\u5BB6\u6307\u5C0E\u7684\u6295\u8CC7\u4EE5\u53CA\u4F7F\u7528\u5E02\u5834\u5DE5\u5177\uFF08\u7A05\u6536\u548C\u88DC\u8CBC\uFF09\u4F86\u6FC0\u52F5\u5E02\u5834\u5BE6\u9AD4\u5BE6\u73FE\u570B\u5BB6\u7D93\u6FDF\u76EE\u6A19\u3002"@zh . "\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u064A \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u062A\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0642\u0648\u064A\u0627\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060C \u0641\u0647\u064A \u062A\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062A\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0628\u062F\u0644\u0627\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645\u064A. \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062B\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0644\u062A\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060C \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062A\u064A\u062C\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0648\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u062A\u0628\u0639\u062A \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062F\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062E\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F \u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629.\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062B\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F \u0645\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062B\u0627\u0644\u060C \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A \u062A\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0647\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062F\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B \u0648\u062A\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062E\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0648\u062B \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629."@ar . . . "Dirigisme"@fr . . . "Il dirigismo (dal francese dirigisme) \u00E8 una politica economica in cui il governo esercita una forte influenza sui settori produttivi, attraverso un sistema di incentivi che indirizzano l'economia verso quello che viene riconosciuto come l'interesse pubblico o generale. Per tale ragione, il dirigismo si distingue marcatamente da quelle forme di economia pianificata, come i sistemi statali socialisti e collettivisti, a cui \u00E8 stato spesso associato, in cui lo Stato controlla direttamente i processi produttivi e distributivi. Esso infatti indica un sistema essenzialmente capitalista in cui lo Stato partecipa in maniera attiva conservando un ruolo prettamente coordinativo. Si pu\u00F2 definire in altre parole come una variante del Capitalismo di Stato."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043C (\u0444\u0440. dirigisme) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 40-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 XX \u0432. \u0432\u043E \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0424. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443 \u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E (\u0440\u0435\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E) \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u044B\u0448\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043D\u043E-\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439."@ru . . . . .