. "Elektrofisiologi"@in . . . . . . . "Die Elektrophysiologie ist ein Teilbereich der Neurophysiologie, der sich mit der elektrochemischen Signal\u00AD\u00FCbertragung in Zellen und Geweben befasst. Man unterscheidet die klinische Elektrophysiologie aus dem medizinischen Fachgebiet der Neurologie und der Kardiologie von der experimentellen Elektrophysiologie aus dem Forschungsgebiet der Physiologie und hier insbesondere der Neurophysiologie und Muskelphysiologie."@de . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0415\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F (\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, \u00AB\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u00BB \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043D; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, \u00AB\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0441\u00BB \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430; -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, \u00AB\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F\u00BB \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D, \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F) \u2014 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432: \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043D, \u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D, \u043C\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D. \u0415\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u044F\u043A \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044E \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u043F\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0446\u044F, \u043C\u043E\u0437\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E)."@uk . "Elektrofisiologi ialah studi sifat kelistrikan sel dan jaringan biologis, yang melibatkan pengukuran perubahan tegangan listrik atau arus listrik pada sejumlah skala dari protein saluran ion, ke semua jaringan seperti jantung. Dalam ilmu saraf, elektrofisiologi melibatkan pengukuran aktivitas listrik dari sel saraf, dan khususnya aktivitas potensial aksi."@in . . . . . . "L'Electrofisiologia (del grec: \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, \u0113lektron, \"ambre\"; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, \"natura, origen\"; i \u2013\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \"logia\") \u00E9s l'estudi de les propietats el\u00E8ctriques de les c\u00E8l\u00B7lules i els teixits. Implica mesuraments del canvi de voltatge o corrent el\u00E8ctric des de l'escala dels canals d'ions en les prote\u00EFnes a un \u00F2rgan complet com el cor. Dins la neuroci\u00E8ncia, inclou mesuraments de l'activitat el\u00E8ctrica de les neurones. Inclouen els registres a gran escala de l'electroencefalografia."@ca . . "Elektrofysiologie"@nl . . . . "\u0415\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F"@uk . . "\u5728\u795E\u7ECF\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u7535\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u662F\u4E00\u95E8\u7814\u7A76\u751F\u7269\u7EC6\u80DE\u6216\u7EC4\u7EC7\u7684\u7535\u5B66\u7279\u6027\u7684\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u7814\u7A76\u795E\u7ECF\u5143\u7684\u7535\u5B66\u7279\u6027\uFF0C\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u52A8\u4F5C\u7535\u4F4D\u5305\u62EC\u7EC6\u80DE\u819C\u7535\u52BF\u53D8\u5316\u4E0E\u8DE8\u819C\u7535\u6D41\u7684\u8C03\u8282\u3002\u5B83\u6D89\u53CA\u5728\u591A\u79CD\u5C3A\u5EA6\u4E0A\u4ECE\u5355\u4E2A\u79BB\u5B50\u901A\u9053\u86CB\u767D\u5230\u6574\u4E2A\u5668\u5B98\u5982\u5FC3\u810F\u7684\u7535\u538B\u53D8\u5316\u6216\u7535\u6D41\u53D8\u5316\u7684\u6D4B\u91CF\u503C\u3002\u5728\u795E\u7ECF\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u5B83\u5305\u62EC\u795E\u7ECF\u5143\u7684\u653E\u7535\u6D3B\u52A8\u7684\u6D4B\u91CF\uFF0C\u7279\u522B\u662F\u52A8\u4F5C\u7535\u4F4D\u7684\u6D3B\u52A8\u3002\u8BB0\u5F55\u6765\u81EA\u795E\u7ECF\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u5927\u89C4\u6A21\u7535\u4FE1\u53F7\uFF0C\u5982\u8111\u7535\u56FE\u7684\u8BB0\u5F55\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u7535\u751F\u7406\u8BB0\u5F55\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "Elektrophysiologie"@de . . . . . "Con il termine elettrofisiologia si indica una branca della fisiologia che ha come studio il funzionamento dell'organismo dal punto di vista elettrico, sia in normali sia sotto l'influsso di un potenziale elettrico esterno. In particolare l'elettrofisiologia pu\u00F2 essere applicata al funzionamento elettrico del cuore o al funzionamento elettrico delle cellule. In questo secondo caso si parla di \"elettrofisiologia cellulare\".Alcune delle tecniche sfruttate nell'ambito dell'elettrofisiologia sono le seguenti: Un elettrocardiogramma."@it . . "\u042D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD \u2014 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D, \u044F\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044C; \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u0432\u044B\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0438\u043A\u0440\u043E- \u0438 \u043C\u0430\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u0438\u043E\u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043E\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D, \u0434\u043E \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430."@ru . "\u7535\u751F\u7406\u5B66"@zh . . . "\u042D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . . . . . . . . "L'\u00E9lectrophysiologie (du grec \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, elektron, \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, nature, et -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, -logia, \u00E9tude) est l'\u00E9tude des ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes \u00E9lectriques et \u00E9lectrochimiques qui se produisent dans les cellules ou les tissus des organismes vivants et, en particulier, dans les neurones et les fibres musculaires et chez les plantes sensitives (\u00E9tudi\u00E9es depuis le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle de ce point de vue, dont par Jagadish Chandra Bose). Elle implique la mesure de diff\u00E9rences de tensions ou de courants \u00E9lectriques \u00E0 diff\u00E9rentes \u00E9chelles biologiques, du canal ionique isol\u00E9, jusqu'\u00E0 des organes entiers, comme le c\u0153ur. En neurosciences, l'\u00E9lectrophysiologie \u00E9tudie l'activit\u00E9 \u00E9lectrique des neurones et en particulier l'\u00E9mission de potentiel d'action. L'enregistrement d'activit\u00E9 \u00E9lectrique plus large du syst\u00E8me nerveux, comme par \u00E9lectroenc\u00E9phalographie, peut \u00E9galement \u00EAtre consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme de l'\u00E9lectrophysiologie."@fr . . . . . . . "Elektrofysiologi"@sv . . "L'Electrofisiologia (del grec: \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, \u0113lektron, \"ambre\"; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, \"natura, origen\"; i \u2013\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \"logia\") \u00E9s l'estudi de les propietats el\u00E8ctriques de les c\u00E8l\u00B7lules i els teixits. Implica mesuraments del canvi de voltatge o corrent el\u00E8ctric des de l'escala dels canals d'ions en les prote\u00EFnes a un \u00F2rgan complet com el cor. Dins la neuroci\u00E8ncia, inclou mesuraments de l'activitat el\u00E8ctrica de les neurones. Inclouen els registres a gran escala de l'electroencefalografia."@ca . . . . . . "A eletrofisiologia consiste no estudo das propriedades el\u00E9tricas em c\u00E9lulas e tecidos. Envolve medi\u00E7\u00F5es de diferen\u00E7as de potencial el\u00E9ctrico numa vasta variedade de escalas desde simples prote\u00EDnas de canais i\u00F3nicos at\u00E9 \u00F3rg\u00E3os completos, como por exemplo o cora\u00E7\u00E3o. Na neuroci\u00EAncia inclui medidas das atividades el\u00E9tricas de neur\u00F4nios, e particularmente da atividade do potencial de a\u00E7\u00E3o.Na condu\u00E7\u00E3o de estimulo nervoso que ocorrem nas fibras neuro-musculares excit\u00E1veis. A transmiss\u00E3o de impulsos nervosos ocorre atrav\u00E9s de sinapses el\u00E9tricas e qu\u00EDmicas.A cardiologia engloba, como \u00E1rea de atua\u00E7\u00E3o, a eletrofisiologia, a qual consiste no diagn\u00F3stico e tratamento de arritmias atrav\u00E9s de cateteres introduzidos no sistema venoso do paciente, chegando at\u00E9 a c\u00E2maras card\u00EDacas."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00C9lectrophysiologie"@fr . . "Elektrofysiologie is de studie van de elektrische eigenschappen van cellen en weefsels. Elektrofysiologie houdt zich bezig met het meten van veranderingen in de elektrische spanning of de elektrische stroom op zeer uiteenlopende schaal, vari\u00EBrend van een enkel ionkanaal tot grote organen zoals het hart. Elektrofysiologie wordt vooral toegepast binnen de neurofysiologie, de cardiologie en de spierfysiologie. Binnen de neurofysiologie heeft elektrofysiologie specifiek betrekking op het meten van de elektrische activiteit van zenuwcellen en meer in het bijzonder actiepotentialen."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u96FB\u6C17\u751F\u7406\u5B66\uFF08\u3067\u3093\u304D\u305B\u3044\u308A\u304C\u304F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u795E\u7D4C\u3001\u8133\u3001\u7B4B\u8089\u3001\u5FC3\u81D3\u3084\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u7D44\u7E54\u307E\u305F\u306F\u7D30\u80DE\u306E\u96FB\u6C17\u7684\u6027\u8CEA\u3068\u751F\u7406\u6A5F\u80FD\u3068\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u89E3\u660E\u3059\u308B\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u9580\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u305D\u308C\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u5B9F\u9A13\u6280\u8853\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u7279\u306B\u795E\u7D4C\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u306F\u96FB\u6C17\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u4E2D\u5FC3\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u307E\u305F\u73FE\u4EE3\u3067\u306F\u30A4\u30AA\u30F3\u30C1\u30E3\u30CD\u30EB\u3001\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u306A\u3069\u5206\u5B50\u30EC\u30D9\u30EB\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u064E\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0627\u0621\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060C \u064A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645\u0627\u063A. \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A \u0625\u064A\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064A\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . "Elektrofysiologi \u00E4r den vetenskapliga l\u00E4ran som studerar elektriska fenomen p\u00E5 cell- eller organismniv\u00E5."@sv . . . "\u042D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD \u2014 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D, \u044F\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044C; \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2 \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C2 \u2014 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u0432\u044B\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0438\u043A\u0440\u043E- \u0438 \u043C\u0430\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u0438\u043E\u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043E\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043B\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043D, \u0434\u043E \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043E\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u043E\u043A\u0430. \u0412 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u044B \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . "\u0415\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F (\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, \u00AB\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u00BB \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043D; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, \u00AB\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0441\u00BB \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430; -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, \u00AB\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F\u00BB \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D, \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F) \u2014 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043B \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0431'\u0454\u043A\u0442\u0456\u0432: \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043D, \u043A\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043D, \u043C\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D. \u0415\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u044F\u043A \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u044E \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u043E\u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B, \u043F\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0432 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0446\u044F, \u043C\u043E\u0437\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E)."@uk . . . . . . . . . "Electrophysiology"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u96FB\u6C17\u751F\u7406\u5B66"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "Elettrofisiologia"@it . . . . . . . . "156940"^^ . . . . "\uC804\uAE30\uC0DD\uB9AC\uD559(\u96FB\u6C23\u751F\u7406\u5B78, Electrophysiology)\uC740 \uC138\uD3EC\uC758 \uC804\uAE30\uC801 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uAD6C\uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC8FC\uB85C \uD328\uCE58\uD074\uB7A8\uD504(patch clamp)\uAC00 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uB294 \uCE7C\uC298\uC774\uB098 \uC138\uD3EC\uB0B4 \uC2E0\uD638\uC804\uB2EC\uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uD65C\uC131\uB3C4\uB97C \uC804\uAE30\uC801 \uD65C\uB3D9\uACFC \uBCD1\uD589\uD574\uC11C \uAD00\uCC30\uD558\uB824 \uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . "Eletrofisiologia"@pt . . . . . . . . "L'\u00E9lectrophysiologie (du grec \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, elektron, \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, nature, et -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, -logia, \u00E9tude) est l'\u00E9tude des ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes \u00E9lectriques et \u00E9lectrochimiques qui se produisent dans les cellules ou les tissus des organismes vivants et, en particulier, dans les neurones et les fibres musculaires et chez les plantes sensitives (\u00E9tudi\u00E9es depuis le d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle de ce point de vue, dont par Jagadish Chandra Bose). Elle implique la mesure de diff\u00E9rences de tensions ou de courants \u00E9lectriques \u00E0 diff\u00E9rentes \u00E9chelles biologiques, du canal ionique isol\u00E9, jusqu'\u00E0 des organes entiers, comme le c\u0153ur."@fr . . . . . . "Die Elektrophysiologie ist ein Teilbereich der Neurophysiologie, der sich mit der elektrochemischen Signal\u00AD\u00FCbertragung in Zellen und Geweben befasst. Man unterscheidet die klinische Elektrophysiologie aus dem medizinischen Fachgebiet der Neurologie und der Kardiologie von der experimentellen Elektrophysiologie aus dem Forschungsgebiet der Physiologie und hier insbesondere der Neurophysiologie und Muskelphysiologie. Die elektrophysiologischen Messungen der Neurologen geben Auskunft \u00FCber Sch\u00E4digungen ganzer polysynaptischer Nervenbahnen und peripherer Nerven. Methoden sind beispielsweise Elektroenzephalographie (EEG), die Messung evozierter Potentiale (somatosensorisch, motorisch, visuell oder akustisch evoziert), die Elektroneurographie und die Elektromyographie (EMG). Kardiologen untersuchen durch Ableitung von Strom \u00FCber die K\u00F6rperoberfl\u00E4che (Elektrokardiogramm (EKG)) und im Rahmen einer speziellen Herzkatheteruntersuchung, der Elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung (EPU), die elektrischen Str\u00F6me am Herzmuskel. Im Rahmen der experimentellen Neuro- und Muskelphysiologie werden die elektrischen Eigenschaften einzelner Nervenzellen oder Muskelzellen bzw. von Verb\u00E4nden solcher Zellen untersucht. Methoden der experimentellen Elektrophysiologie sind zum Beispiel die manuelle und automatisierte Patch-Clamp-Technik, F\u00E4rbungen mit spannungsabh\u00E4ngigen Farbstoffen sowie Messungen mittels Multielektrodenarray."@de . . . "Electrophysiology (from Greek \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4, \u0113lektron, \"amber\" [see the etymology of \"electron\"]; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, \"nature, origin\"; and -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage changes or electric current or manipulations on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and, in particular, action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system, such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings. They are useful for electrodiagnosis and monitoring."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Elektrofisiologi ialah studi sifat kelistrikan sel dan jaringan biologis, yang melibatkan pengukuran perubahan tegangan listrik atau arus listrik pada sejumlah skala dari protein saluran ion, ke semua jaringan seperti jantung. Dalam ilmu saraf, elektrofisiologi melibatkan pengukuran aktivitas listrik dari sel saraf, dan khususnya aktivitas potensial aksi."@in . . . . . "\u96FB\u6C17\u751F\u7406\u5B66\uFF08\u3067\u3093\u304D\u305B\u3044\u308A\u304C\u304F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u795E\u7D4C\u3001\u8133\u3001\u7B4B\u8089\u3001\u5FC3\u81D3\u3084\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u306E\u7D44\u7E54\u307E\u305F\u306F\u7D30\u80DE\u306E\u96FB\u6C17\u7684\u6027\u8CEA\u3068\u751F\u7406\u6A5F\u80FD\u3068\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u89E3\u660E\u3059\u308B\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u9580\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u305D\u308C\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u5B9F\u9A13\u6280\u8853\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u7279\u306B\u795E\u7D4C\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u306F\u96FB\u6C17\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u4E2D\u5FC3\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u307E\u305F\u73FE\u4EE3\u3067\u306F\u30A4\u30AA\u30F3\u30C1\u30E3\u30CD\u30EB\u3001\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u306A\u3069\u5206\u5B50\u30EC\u30D9\u30EB\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . "\uC804\uAE30\uC0DD\uB9AC\uD559(\u96FB\u6C23\u751F\u7406\u5B78, Electrophysiology)\uC740 \uC138\uD3EC\uC758 \uC804\uAE30\uC801 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC744 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5F0\uAD6C\uBC29\uBC95\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uC8FC\uB85C \uD328\uCE58\uD074\uB7A8\uD504(patch clamp)\uAC00 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB41C\uB2E4. \uCD5C\uADFC\uC5D0\uB294 \uCE7C\uC298\uC774\uB098 \uC138\uD3EC\uB0B4 \uC2E0\uD638\uC804\uB2EC\uBB3C\uC9C8\uC758 \uD65C\uC131\uB3C4\uB97C \uC804\uAE30\uC801 \uD65C\uB3D9\uACFC \uBCD1\uD589\uD574\uC11C \uAD00\uCC30\uD558\uB824 \uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Electrofisiologia"@ca . . . . . . "\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u064E\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0641\u064A \u062F\u0631\u062C\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0627\u0621\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060C \u064A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0644\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F \u062C\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645\u0627\u063A. \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A \u0625\u064A\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064A\u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064A\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062C\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629."@ar . 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"\u5728\u795E\u7ECF\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u7535\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u662F\u4E00\u95E8\u7814\u7A76\u751F\u7269\u7EC6\u80DE\u6216\u7EC4\u7EC7\u7684\u7535\u5B66\u7279\u6027\u7684\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u7814\u7A76\u795E\u7ECF\u5143\u7684\u7535\u5B66\u7279\u6027\uFF0C\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u52A8\u4F5C\u7535\u4F4D\u5305\u62EC\u7EC6\u80DE\u819C\u7535\u52BF\u53D8\u5316\u4E0E\u8DE8\u819C\u7535\u6D41\u7684\u8C03\u8282\u3002\u5B83\u6D89\u53CA\u5728\u591A\u79CD\u5C3A\u5EA6\u4E0A\u4ECE\u5355\u4E2A\u79BB\u5B50\u901A\u9053\u86CB\u767D\u5230\u6574\u4E2A\u5668\u5B98\u5982\u5FC3\u810F\u7684\u7535\u538B\u53D8\u5316\u6216\u7535\u6D41\u53D8\u5316\u7684\u6D4B\u91CF\u503C\u3002\u5728\u795E\u7ECF\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u5B83\u5305\u62EC\u795E\u7ECF\u5143\u7684\u653E\u7535\u6D3B\u52A8\u7684\u6D4B\u91CF\uFF0C\u7279\u522B\u662F\u52A8\u4F5C\u7535\u4F4D\u7684\u6D3B\u52A8\u3002\u8BB0\u5F55\u6765\u81EA\u795E\u7ECF\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u5927\u89C4\u6A21\u7535\u4FE1\u53F7\uFF0C\u5982\u8111\u7535\u56FE\u7684\u8BB0\u5F55\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u7535\u751F\u7406\u8BB0\u5F55\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "1117257213"^^ . . . . . . . . . "\uC804\uAE30\uC0DD\uB9AC\uD559"@ko . . . . . . . "Elektrofysiologi \u00E4r den vetenskapliga l\u00E4ran som studerar elektriska fenomen p\u00E5 cell- eller organismniv\u00E5."@sv . . . . . . "Electrofisiolog\u00EDa (del griego \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, \u0113lektron, \"\u00E1mbar\"; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, \"naturaleza, origen\"; y -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, -log\u00EDa) es el estudio de las propiedades el\u00E9ctricas de c\u00E9lulas y tejidos biol\u00F3gicos. Incluye medidas de cambio de voltaje o corriente el\u00E9ctrica en una variedad amplia de escalas, desde el simple canal i\u00F3nico de prote\u00EDnas hasta \u00F3rganos completos como el coraz\u00F3n. En neurociencias, se incluyen las medidas de la actividad el\u00E9ctrica de neuronas, y particularmente actividad de potencial de acci\u00F3n. Registros a gran escala de se\u00F1ales el\u00E9ctricas del sistema nervioso como Electroencefalograf\u00EDa, tambi\u00E9n se pueden clasificar como registros electrofisiol\u00F3gicos."@es . . . "Electrofisiolog\u00EDa"@es . . . . "Con il termine elettrofisiologia si indica una branca della fisiologia che ha come studio il funzionamento dell'organismo dal punto di vista elettrico, sia in normali sia sotto l'influsso di un potenziale elettrico esterno. In particolare l'elettrofisiologia pu\u00F2 essere applicata al funzionamento elettrico del cuore o al funzionamento elettrico delle cellule. In questo secondo caso si parla di \"elettrofisiologia cellulare\".Alcune delle tecniche sfruttate nell'ambito dell'elettrofisiologia sono le seguenti: Un elettrocardiogramma. \n* elettrocardiografia \n* elettroencefalografia \n* elettromiografia \n* elettroretinografia."@it . "Electrofisiolog\u00EDa (del griego \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD, \u0113lektron, \"\u00E1mbar\"; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, \"naturaleza, origen\"; y -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, -log\u00EDa) es el estudio de las propiedades el\u00E9ctricas de c\u00E9lulas y tejidos biol\u00F3gicos. Incluye medidas de cambio de voltaje o corriente el\u00E9ctrica en una variedad amplia de escalas, desde el simple canal i\u00F3nico de prote\u00EDnas hasta \u00F3rganos completos como el coraz\u00F3n. En neurociencias, se incluyen las medidas de la actividad el\u00E9ctrica de neuronas, y particularmente actividad de potencial de acci\u00F3n. Registros a gran escala de se\u00F1ales el\u00E9ctricas del sistema nervioso como Electroencefalograf\u00EDa, tambi\u00E9n se pueden clasificar como registros electrofisiol\u00F3gicos."@es . "A eletrofisiologia consiste no estudo das propriedades el\u00E9tricas em c\u00E9lulas e tecidos. Envolve medi\u00E7\u00F5es de diferen\u00E7as de potencial el\u00E9ctrico numa vasta variedade de escalas desde simples prote\u00EDnas de canais i\u00F3nicos at\u00E9 \u00F3rg\u00E3os completos, como por exemplo o cora\u00E7\u00E3o. Na neuroci\u00EAncia inclui medidas das atividades el\u00E9tricas de neur\u00F4nios, e particularmente da atividade do potencial de a\u00E7\u00E3o.Na condu\u00E7\u00E3o de estimulo nervoso que ocorrem nas fibras neuro-musculares excit\u00E1veis. A transmiss\u00E3o de impulsos nervosos ocorre atrav\u00E9s de sinapses el\u00E9tricas e qu\u00EDmicas.A cardiologia engloba, como \u00E1rea de atua\u00E7\u00E3o, a eletrofisiologia, a qual consiste no diagn\u00F3stico e tratamento de arritmias atrav\u00E9s de cateteres introduzidos no sistema venoso do paciente, chegando at\u00E9 a c\u00E2maras card\u00EDacas. Eletrofisiologia \u00E9 a ci\u00EAncia e o ramo da fisiologia que mede o fluxo de \u00EDons em tecidos biol\u00F3gico e, em particular, as t\u00E9cnicas de medi\u00E7\u00E3o desse fluxo. T\u00E9cnicas de Eletrofisiologia Cl\u00E1ssica incluem a coloca\u00E7\u00E3o de eletrodos em v\u00E1rias prepara\u00E7\u00F5es de tecido biol\u00F3gico. Os principais tipos de eletrodos s\u00E3o:1- S\u00F3lidos condutores simples, como discos e agulhas (singulares ou matrizes, \u00E0 excep\u00E7\u00E3o da ponta)2- tra\u00E7ados sobre placa de circuito, tamb\u00E9m isolados, \u00E0 excep\u00E7\u00E3o da ponta3- tubos ocos preenchidos com um eletr\u00F3lito, como uma pipeta de vidro preenchida com uma solu\u00E7\u00E3o de cloreto e outra solu\u00E7\u00E3o com eletr\u00F3lito. As principais prepara\u00E7\u00F5es incluem:1 \u2013 Organismos vivos2 \u2013 Tecido excisado 3 - C\u00E9lulas dissociadas de tecido excisado (vivo ou em cultura)4 - C\u00E9lulas ou tecidos produzidos artificialmente 5 \u2013 H\u00EDbridos dos casos acima descritos Se um eletrodo tiver um di\u00E2metro suficientemente pequeno (micr\u00F4metros), ent\u00E3o o investigador pode escolher inserir a ponta numa \u00FAnica c\u00E9lula. Uma configura\u00E7\u00E3o destas permite gravar a atividade el\u00E9ctrica intracelular de uma s\u00F3 c\u00E9lula. Contudo, reduz a vida da c\u00E9lula e causa uma fuga do l\u00EDquido intracelular.\u00C9 tamb\u00E9m poss\u00EDvel observar atividade intracelular usando uma pipeta de vidro (oca) especialmente preparada, contendo um eletr\u00F3lito. Nesta t\u00E9cnica, a ponta microsc\u00F3pica da pipeta \u00E9 prensada contra a membrana celular, \u00E0 qual esta adere firmemente entre o vidro e os l\u00EDpidos da membrana celular. O eletr\u00F3lito dentro da pipeta pode ser conduzido em fluido cont\u00EDnuo com o citoplasma ao levar-se um pulso de press\u00E3o ao eletr\u00F3lito, com o objectivo de romper o pequeno caminho da membrana circundada pelo aro da pipeta (grava\u00E7\u00E3o de c\u00E9lula completa). Alternativamente, a continuidade i\u00F4nica pode ser estabelecida ao perfurar o caminho permitindo aos agentes porosos ex\u00F3genos dentro do electr\u00F3lito inserirem-se no caminho da membrana (grava\u00E7\u00E3o de caminho perfurado). Finalmente, o caminho pode ser deixado intacto (grava\u00E7\u00E3o de caminho). O eletrofisiologista pode escolher n\u00E3o inserir numa c\u00E9lula \u00FAnica, deixando em alternativa ponta do eletrodo em continuidade com o espa\u00E7o extracelular. Se a ponta for suficientemente pequena,esta configura\u00E7\u00E3o pode permitir a observa\u00E7\u00E3o indireta e grava\u00E7\u00E3o do potencial de a\u00E7\u00E3ode uma c\u00E9lula \u00FAnica, o que \u00E9 denominado grava\u00E7\u00E3o de unidade celular. Dependendo da prepara\u00E7\u00E3o e posicionamento preciso, uma configura\u00E7\u00E3o extracelular pode registara atividade de v\u00E1rias c\u00E9lulas vizinhas simulataneamente, sendo por isso denominada grava\u00E7\u00E3o multi-celular. \u00C0 medida que o tamanho do eletrodo aumenta, o poder de resolu\u00E7\u00E3o decresce. El\u00E9ctrodos maiores s\u00E3o sens\u00EDveis apenas \u00E0 atividade da rede neuronal de v\u00E1rias c\u00E9lulas, denominados campos de potencial locais. Eletrodos ainda maiores, como uma agulha n\u00E3o isolada e eletrodos de superf\u00EDcie usados por neurofisiologistas cl\u00EDnicos e cirurgi\u00F5es s\u00E3o sens\u00EDveis apenas a certos tipos de acividade s\u00EDncrona dentro das popula\u00E7\u00F5es de milh\u00F5es de c\u00E9lulas. Outras t\u00E9cnicas eletrofisiol\u00F3gicas cl\u00E1ssicas incluem a grava\u00E7\u00E3o e amperometria de canal (i\u00F4nico) singular. - T\u00E9cnicas Eletrofisiol\u00F3gicas \u00D3pticas As t\u00E9cnicas Eletrofisiol\u00F3gicas \u00D3pticas foram criadas por cientistas e engenheiros para superar uma das maiores limita\u00E7\u00F5es das t\u00E9cnicas cl\u00E1ssicas. As t\u00E9cnicas cl\u00E1ssicas permitem a observa\u00E7\u00E3o de atividade el\u00E9trica a aproximadamente num ponto \u00FAnico dentro de um volume de tecido. Essencialmente, as t\u00E9cnicas cl\u00E1ssicas singularizam a distribui\u00E7\u00E3o do fen\u00F4meno. Interesse na distribui\u00E7\u00E3o espacial da atividade bioel\u00E9trica impeliu ao desenvolvimento de mol\u00E9culas capazes de emitir luz, em resposta ao seu ambiente el\u00E9ctrico e qu\u00EDmico. Exemplos s\u00E3o as tintas sens\u00EDveis \u00E0 voltagem e \u00E0s prote\u00EDnas fluorescentes. Ap\u00F3s induzir um ou mais compostos no tecido via perfus\u00E3o, inje\u00E7\u00E3o ou express\u00E3o gen\u00E9tica, pode ser observada e gravada a distribui\u00E7\u00E3o el\u00E9ctrica em uma ou duas dimens\u00F5es.Muitas leituras eletrofisiol\u00F3gicas t\u00EAm nomes espec\u00EDficos, como:- Audiologia : para o sistema auditivo- Eletrocardiografia: para o cora\u00E7\u00E3o - Eletroencefalografia: para o c\u00E9rebro- Eletrocortigrafia: para o c\u00F3rtex cerebral- Eletromiografia: para os m\u00FAsculos- Eletrooculografia: para os olhos- Eletroretinografia : para a retina - Eletroantenografia: para os receptores olfact\u00F3rios de artr\u00F3podes. 1- Eletrofisiologia da Audi\u00E7\u00E3o A pesquisa dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos (PEA) \u00E9 um m\u00E9todo objetivo utilizado para avaliar a atividade neuroel\u00E9trica da via auditiva desde o nervo at\u00E9 o c\u00F3rtex cerebral, em resposta a um est\u00EDmulo ac\u00FAstico ou el\u00E9trico. A avalia\u00E7\u00E3o da via auditiva central pode ser realizada por meio de testes eletrofisiol\u00F3gicos, tamb\u00E9m denominados potenciais evocados auditivos, que s\u00E3o respostas bioel\u00E9tricas frente \u00E0 estimula\u00E7\u00E3o ac\u00FAstica. Estes potenciais evocados auditivos podem ser classificados em precoces, m\u00E9dios e tardios. As duas principais raz\u00F5es para a utiliza\u00E7\u00E3o destes testes s\u00E3o: determinar o limiar de detec\u00E7\u00E3o do sinal ac\u00FAstico e inferir sobre a integridade funcional e estrutural dos componentes neurais das vias auditivas. O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encef\u00E1lico (PEATE) \u00E9 o teste eletrofisiol\u00F3gico mais utilizado na pr\u00E1tica audiol\u00F3gica e pode ser observado nos primeiros 8 milissegundos (ms) ap\u00F3s a apresenta\u00E7\u00E3o do est\u00EDmulo ac\u00FAstico, originando-se no nervo ac\u00FAstico e nas vias auditivas do tronco encef\u00E1lico. O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de M\u00E9dia Lat\u00EAncia (PEAML) consiste em uma s\u00E9rie de ondas positivas e negativas que seguem o PEATE, presentes no per\u00EDodo entre 10 a 80 ms ap\u00F3s a estimula\u00E7\u00E3o ac\u00FAstica, tendo sua origem em \u00E1reas prim\u00E1rias do c\u00F3rtex auditivo. O P300, potencial de longa lat\u00EAncia mais utilizado clinicamente, \u00E9 um potencial end\u00F3geno que possui geradores nas \u00E1reas prim\u00E1rias e secund\u00E1rias do c\u00F3rtex auditivo e ocorre aproximadamente em 300 ms ap\u00F3s a apresenta\u00E7\u00E3o do est\u00EDmulo ac\u00FAstico. \u00C9 uma resposta objetiva relacionada a aspectos fundamentais da fun\u00E7\u00E3o mental (percep\u00E7\u00E3o e cogni\u00E7\u00E3o), eliciado de forma consciente, em uma tarefa de discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o entre est\u00EDmulos ac\u00FAsticos diferentes (est\u00EDmulos raros e freq\u00FCentes). A gera\u00E7\u00E3o deste potencial \u00E9 determinada por algumas habilidades cognitivas envolvidas no processamento da informa\u00E7\u00E3o, como a aten\u00E7\u00E3o, discrimina\u00E7\u00E3o e mem\u00F3ria."@pt . . "Electrophysiology (from Greek \u1F25\u03BB\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4, \u0113lektron, \"amber\" [see the etymology of \"electron\"]; \u03C6\u03CD\u03C3\u03B9\u03C2, physis, \"nature, origin\"; and -\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage changes or electric current or manipulations on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and, in particular, action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system, such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings. They are useful for electrodiagnosis and monitoring."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Elektrofysiologie is de studie van de elektrische eigenschappen van cellen en weefsels. Elektrofysiologie houdt zich bezig met het meten van veranderingen in de elektrische spanning of de elektrische stroom op zeer uiteenlopende schaal, vari\u00EBrend van een enkel ionkanaal tot grote organen zoals het hart. Elektrofysiologie wordt vooral toegepast binnen de neurofysiologie, de cardiologie en de spierfysiologie. Binnen de neurofysiologie heeft elektrofysiologie specifiek betrekking op het meten van de elektrische activiteit van zenuwcellen en meer in het bijzonder actiepotentialen."@nl .