. "64998"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Ena\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 um termo cunhado pelos bi\u00F3logos chilenos Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela (1980, citados por Varela e cols., 1993), a partir da express\u00E3o espanhola en acci\u00F3n. A ena\u00E7\u00E3o pode ser compreendida em dois pontos congruentes e complementares: 1 - A a\u00E7\u00E3o guiada pela percep\u00E7\u00E3o, ou seja, a compreens\u00E3o da percep\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 a compreens\u00E3o da forma pela qual o sujeito percebedor consegue guiar suas a\u00E7\u00F5es na situa\u00E7\u00E3o local. \"Na medida em que estas situa\u00E7\u00F5es locais se transformam constantemente devido \u00E0 atividade do sujeito percebedor, o ponto de refer\u00EAncia necess\u00E1rio para compreender a percep\u00E7\u00E3o n\u00E3o \u00E9 mais um mundo dado anteriormente, independente do sujeito da percep\u00E7\u00E3o, mas a estrutura sens\u00F3rio-motora do sujeito.\"(Varela e cols., 1993, p. 235) 2 - A cogni\u00E7\u00E3o, em suas estruturas, emerge dos esquemas sens\u00F3rio-motores vivenciados que permitem \u00E0 a\u00E7\u00E3o ser constru\u00EDda e guiada pela percep\u00E7\u00E3o. \u00C9 a estrutura vivencial sens\u00F3rio-motora contextualizada, \"a maneira pela qual e sujeito percebedor est\u00E1 inscrito num corpo, [...] que determina como o sujeito pode agir e ser modulado pelos acontecimentos do meio.\" (Varela e cols., 1993, p. 235)"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "La notion d'\u00E9naction est une fa\u00E7on de concevoir la cognition qui met l'accent sur la mani\u00E8re dont les organismes et esprits humains s'organisent eux-m\u00EAmes en interaction avec l'environnement. L'approche th\u00E9orique de la cognition selon la notion d'\u00E9naction, nomm\u00E9e (en), fut propos\u00E9e par Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, et Eleanor Rosch. Elle est proche de la cognition situ\u00E9e et de la cognition incarn\u00E9e et est con\u00E7ue comme une alternative au cognitivisme, au computationnalisme et au dualisme de Descartes."@fr . . . . . "Enactivism is a position in cognitive science that argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that the environment of an organism is brought about, or enacted, by the active exercise of that organism's sensorimotor processes. \"The key point, then, is that the species brings forth and specifies its own domain of problems ...this domain does not exist \"out there\" in an environment that acts as a landing pad for organisms that somehow drop or parachute into the world. Instead, living beings and their environments stand in relation to each other through mutual specification or codetermination\" (p. 198). \"Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal repre"@en . "Enactivism"@en . . . . . . . . "La notion d'\u00E9naction est une fa\u00E7on de concevoir la cognition qui met l'accent sur la mani\u00E8re dont les organismes et esprits humains s'organisent eux-m\u00EAmes en interaction avec l'environnement. L'approche th\u00E9orique de la cognition selon la notion d'\u00E9naction, nomm\u00E9e (en), fut propos\u00E9e par Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, et Eleanor Rosch. Elle est proche de la cognition situ\u00E9e et de la cognition incarn\u00E9e et est con\u00E7ue comme une alternative au cognitivisme, au computationnalisme et au dualisme de Descartes."@fr . 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"Note"@en . . . . "\u042D\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. enactivism) \u2014 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . "\u042D\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043C"@ru . "Enaktivismus ist ein theoretischer Ansatz innerhalb der Kognitionswissenschaften. Er basiert auf der Vorstellung, dass Kognition sich aus der Interaktion von Lebewesen mit ihrer Umwelt entwickelt. Dabei ist zentral, dass das Lebewesen als complete agent k\u00F6rperlich mit der Umwelt interagiert (Embodiment; embodied und situated cognition). Der enaktivistische Ansatz \u00FCberschneidet sich weitgehend mit dem der Embodied Cognitive Science. Der Enaktivismus kritisiert \u00E4ltere Ans\u00E4tze der Kognitionswissenschaften, die Geist (Mind) auf mentale Repr\u00E4sentationen zur\u00FCckf\u00FChren wollen, und versteht sich als Alternative zu Kognitivismus, Computationalismus und Dualismus. Der Begriff geht zur\u00FCck auf das Buch Der Baum der Erkenntnis von Humberto Maturana und Francisco Varela. Heutige Vertreter des Enaktivismus sind u. a. Ralph D. Ellis, Daniel D. Hutto, Shaun Gallagher, Alva No\u00EB und Evan Thompson."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u00C9naction"@fr . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u064A\u0637)"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Enaktivismus"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Enaktivismus ist ein theoretischer Ansatz innerhalb der Kognitionswissenschaften. Er basiert auf der Vorstellung, dass Kognition sich aus der Interaktion von Lebewesen mit ihrer Umwelt entwickelt. Dabei ist zentral, dass das Lebewesen als complete agent k\u00F6rperlich mit der Umwelt interagiert (Embodiment; embodied und situated cognition). Der enaktivistische Ansatz \u00FCberschneidet sich weitgehend mit dem der Embodied Cognitive Science. Der Begriff geht zur\u00FCck auf das Buch Der Baum der Erkenntnis von Humberto Maturana und Francisco Varela."@de . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u064A\u0637) \u062A\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0643\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u064A\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A \u0648\u0628\u064A\u0626\u062A\u0647. \u062A\u062F\u0639\u064A \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u062A\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0646\u062E\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062F\u0631\u0627\u062A\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u00AB\u0644\u0627 \u062A\u062A\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0626\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062A\u0631\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629... \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649... \u0648\u062A\u0646\u062E\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062A \u062A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064A\u0633\u062A \u0645\u062C\u0631\u062F \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062A: \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627.\u00BB \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0632\u0627\u064A\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u064A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062F \u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0643\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0629. \u0643\u064A\u0641 \u062A\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064A."@ar . . . . . . . . . "1112149053"^^ . . . . . . . . . "7082881"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ena\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 um termo cunhado pelos bi\u00F3logos chilenos Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela (1980, citados por Varela e cols., 1993), a partir da express\u00E3o espanhola en acci\u00F3n. A ena\u00E7\u00E3o pode ser compreendida em dois pontos congruentes e complementares: 1 - A a\u00E7\u00E3o guiada pela percep\u00E7\u00E3o, ou seja, a compreens\u00E3o da percep\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 a compreens\u00E3o da forma pela qual o sujeito percebedor consegue guiar suas a\u00E7\u00F5es na situa\u00E7\u00E3o local."@pt . . . . . . . . "Enactivism is a position in cognitive science that argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that the environment of an organism is brought about, or enacted, by the active exercise of that organism's sensorimotor processes. \"The key point, then, is that the species brings forth and specifies its own domain of problems ...this domain does not exist \"out there\" in an environment that acts as a landing pad for organisms that somehow drop or parachute into the world. Instead, living beings and their environments stand in relation to each other through mutual specification or codetermination\" (p. 198). \"Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world.\" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate. The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as \"the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation\". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch in The Embodied Mind (1991), who proposed the name to \"emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs\". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment. However, some writers maintain that there remains a need for some degree of the mediating function of representation in this new approach to the science of the mind. The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as \"cognitively marginal\", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. \"In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.\" Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ena\u00E7\u00E3o"@pt . . . "\u042D\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. enactivism) \u2014 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . .