. . . . . "Rothl\u00FA pl\u00E1na polaraithe solais, at\u00E1 polaraithe go l\u00EDneach, nuair a th\u00E9ann s\u00E9 tr\u00ED \u00E1bhair at\u00E1 suite i r\u00E9imse l\u00E1idir maighn\u00E9adach. Chuir Michael Faraday s\u00EDos air seo den ch\u00E9ad uair i 1845, agus ba ch\u00E9im stairi\u00FAil \u00E9 i l\u00E9iri\u00FA an cheangail idir solas is maighn\u00E9adas. Is iarmhairt mhaighn\u00E9adopt\u00FAil \u00ED, de bharr ainiseatr\u00F3pacht a ionduchta\u00EDonn an r\u00E9imse maighn\u00E9adach san \u00E1bhar. N\u00ED hionann \u00ED is gn\u00EDomha\u00EDocht opt\u00FAil, ina gc\u00FAla\u00EDtear an rothl\u00FA sa pholar\u00FA a tharla\u00EDonn is an l\u00E9as ag trasn\u00FA tr\u00EDd an \u00E1bhar gn\u00EDomhach m\u00E1 chuirtear an l\u00E9as ar ais tr\u00EDd sa mhalairt treo. Maidir leis an iarmhairt mhaighn\u00E9adopt\u00FAil, d\u00FAbl\u00E1itear an rothl\u00FA m\u00E1 dh\u00E9antar an turgnamh c\u00E9anna."@ga . "O efeito Faraday \u00E9 um fen\u00F4meno de polariza\u00E7\u00E3o da luz atrav\u00E9s de rela\u00E7\u00F5es entre a eletricidade e o magnetismo. O aparelho utilizado na percep\u00E7\u00E3o deste efeito foi simplesmente um peda\u00E7o de vidro grosso e um eletro\u00EDm\u00E3 em forma de ferradura, onde uma luz que emerge do vidro tem seu plano de polariza\u00E7\u00E3o modificado pelo campo magn\u00E9tico. O efeito Faraday demonstrou a \u00EDntima rela\u00E7\u00E3o entre as ondas de luz e o eletromagnetismo. Sabemos atualmente que o efeito \u00E9 causado por pequeninas correntes el\u00E9tricas dentro de \u00E1tomos individuais. Quando colocadas em um forte campo magn\u00E9tico, essas correntes s\u00E3o ligeiramente modificadas dentro do \u00E1tomo. Estas modifica\u00E7\u00F5es produzem a rota\u00E7\u00E3o do plano de polariza\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt . . . . . "Efecto Faraday"@es . . . . . . "\u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064A \u0647\u064A \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u064A\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062E\u0637\u064A\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0637\u064A) \u0645\u0645\u0627\u064A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (\u0623\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064A). \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1845 \u0627\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064A \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062F\u0644\u064A\u0644 \u062A\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0628\u064A \u064A\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A (\u064A\u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064A) \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u064A\u0644 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1860 \u06481870. \u064A\u062D\u062F\u062B \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063A\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0633\u064A. \u064A\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064A\u0645\u064A\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064A\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064A\u0644\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060C \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u062A\u062D\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062E\u0637\u064A\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064A \u0628\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631."@ar . "Zjawisko Faradaya, zjawisko magnetooptyczne \u2013 zjawisko fizyczne polegaj\u0105ce na obrocie (o pewien k\u0105t) p\u0142aszczyzny polaryzacji \u015Bwiat\u0142a spolaryzowanego liniowo w czasie przechodzenia \u015Bwiat\u0142a przez o\u015Brodek, w kt\u00F3rym istnieje pole magnetyczne. Zjawisko zosta\u0142o odkryte przez Michaela Faradaya w 1845 r. i by\u0142o pierwszym eksperymentem ujawniaj\u0105cym zwi\u0105zek \u015Bwiat\u0142a z magnetyzmem."@pl . . "\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062F\u0627\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD328\uB7EC\uB370\uC774 \uD6A8\uACFC(Faraday effect) \uB610\uB294 \uD328\uB7EC\uB370\uC774 \uD68C\uC804\uAC01(Faraday rotation angle)\uC740 \uBE5B\uC758 \uD3B8\uAD11 \uAC01\uC774 \uAD11\uD559\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD65C\uC131\uC778 \uC790\uC131 \uB9E4\uC9C8\uC744 \uD22C\uACFC\uD560 \uB54C\uC5D0 \uADF8 \uD68C\uC804\uAC01\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uB97C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B8\uAC12\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF5\uC18C\uC218 \uAC12\uC73C\uB85C \uD45C\uD604\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . "\uD328\uB7EC\uB370\uC774 \uD6A8\uACFC"@ko . . . . . . . . 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"\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u52B9\u679C(\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u3053\u3046\u304B)\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u78C1\u6C17\u65CB\u5149(\u3058\u304D\u305B\u3093\u3053\u3046)\u3068\u306F\u3001\u78C1\u5834\u306B\u5E73\u884C\u306A\u9032\u884C\u65B9\u5411\u306B\u3001\u76F4\u7DDA\u504F\u5149\u3092\u7269\u8CEA\u306B\u900F\u904E\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3068\u304D\u306B\u504F\u5149\u9762\u304C\u56DE\u8EE2\u3059\u308B\u73FE\u8C61\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u3053\u306E\u56DE\u8EE2\u3092\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u56DE\u8EE2(Faraday Rotation)\u3068\u547C\u3076\u3002 1845\u5E74\u306B\u30DE\u30A4\u30B1\u30EB\u30FB\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767A\u898B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . "Daily notebook"@en . "1122731919"^^ . . . . "demonstration of the effect"@en . . "Het Faraday-effect of Faraday rotatie is een magneto-optisch effect. Het beschrijft hoe het polarisatievlak van licht draait onder invloed van een magnetisch veld."@nl . . "En physique, l'effet Faraday d\u00E9crit l'interaction entre la lumi\u00E8re et un champ magn\u00E9tique dans un mat\u00E9riau : la polarisation de la lumi\u00E8re effectue une rotation proportionnelle \u00E0 la composante du champ magn\u00E9tique sur la direction de propagation de la lumi\u00E8re. Plusieurs instruments de mesure utilisent l'effet Faraday. Par exemple, on peut mesurer le pouvoir rotatoire des substances, effectuer une modulation de l'amplitude de la lumi\u00E8re, ou d\u00E9tecter un champ magn\u00E9tique."@fr . "BUT, when the contrary magnetic poles were on the same side, there was an effect produced on the polarized ray, and thus magnetic force and light were proved to have relation to each other."@en . . . . . . . . . "\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5B78\uFF0C\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u5E94\uFF08\u53C8\u53EB\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u65CB\u8F6C\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u78C1\u5149\u6548\u5E94\uFF08magneto-optic effect\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u5728\u4ECB\u8CEA\u5167\u5149\u6CE2\u8207\u78C1\u5834\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u6703\u9020\u6210\u504F\u632F\u5E73\u9762\u7684\u65CB\u8F49\uFF0C\u9019\u65CB\u8F49\u8207\u78C1\u5834\u671D\u8457\u5149\u6CE2\u50B3\u64AD\u65B9\u5411\u7684\u5206\u91CF\u5448\u7DDA\u6027\u6B63\u6BD4\u95DC\u4FC2\u3002 \u65BC1845\u5E74\uFF0C\u9EA5\u53EF\u00B7\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u53D1\u73B0\u4E86\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u3002\u9019\u662F\u6700\u5148\u63ED\u793A\u5149\u6CE2\u548C\u96FB\u78C1\u73FE\u8C61\u4E4B\u9593\u95DC\u4FC2\u7684\u5BE6\u9A57\u8B49\u64DA\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u986F\u793A\u51FA\uFF0C\u5728\u7A7F\u904E\u4ECB\u8CEA\u6642\uFF0C\u504F\u632F\u5149\u6CE2\u6703\u56E0\u70BA\u5916\u78C1\u5834\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u8F49\u8B8A\u504F\u632F\u7684\u65B9\u5411\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u99AC\u514B\u58EB\u5A01\u8A8D\u70BA\u78C1\u5834\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u65CB\u8F49\u73FE\u8C61\u3002\u9019\u6548\u61C9\u7D66\u4E88\u99AC\u514B\u58EB\u5A01\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u555F\u767C\u3002\u5728\u65BC1861\u5E74\u767C\u8868\u7684\u5DE8\u4F5C\u300A\u8AD6\u7269\u7406\u529B\u7DDA\u300B\u7B2C\u56DB\u90E8\u4EFD\uFF0C\u70BA\u4E86\u7A81\u986F\u51FA\u81EA\u5DF1\u8A2D\u8A08\u7684\u300C\u5206\u5B50\u6E26\u6D41\u6A21\u578B\u300D\u7684\u5A01\u529B\uFF0C\u4ED6\u61C9\u7528\u9019\u6A21\u578B\u4F86\u63A8\u5C0E\u51FA\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u3002\u57281870\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u00B7\u99AC\u514B\u58EB\u5A01\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u767C\u5C55\u51FA\u96FB\u78C1\u8F3B\u5C04\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u53EF\u898B\u5149\uFF09\u7684\u57FA\u790E\u7406\u8AD6\u3002\u5927\u591A\u6578\u5C0D\u65BC\u5149\u6CE2\u5448\u900F\u660E\u72C0\u6CC1\u7684\u4ECB\u8CEA\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u6DB2\u9AD4\uFF09\uFF0C\u7576\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u78C1\u5834\u4F5C\u7528\u6642\uFF0C\u6703\u51FA\u73FE\u9019\u7A2E\u6548\u61C9\u3002 \u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u6703\u4F7F\u5F97\u5DE6\u65CB\u5713\u504F\u632F\u5149\u6CE2\u8207\u53F3\u65CB\u5713\u504F\u632F\u5149\u6CE2\u5404\u81EA\u4EE5\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u901F\u5EA6\u50B3\u64AD\u65BC\u67D0\u4E9B\u4ECB\u8CEA\uFF0C\u9019\u6027\u8CEA\u7A31\u70BA\u5713\u96D9\u6298\u5C04\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u7DDA\u6027\u504F\u632F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u89E3\u70BA\u5169\u500B\u5713\u504F\u632F\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u758A\u52A0\uFF0C\u800C\u9019\u5169\u500B\u5713\u504F\u632F\u90E8\u4EFD\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u632F\u5E45\u76F8\u540C\u3001\u87BA\u65CB\u6027\uFF08helicity\uFF09\u4E0D\u540C\u3001\u76F8\u4F4D\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u6240\u611F\u61C9\u51FA\u7684\u76F8\u5C0D\u7684\u76F8\u79FB\uFF0C\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7DDA\u6027\u504F\u632F\u53D6\u5411\u7684\u65CB\u8F49\u3002"@zh . . 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"Still, I have at last succeeded in illuminating a magnetic curve or line of force, and in magnetizing a ray of light."@en . . "Der Faraday-Effekt ist ein magnetooptischer Effekt. Er beschreibt die Drehung der Polarisationsebene einer linear polarisierten elektromagnetischen Welle in einem Medium, wenn darin ein Magnetfeld parallel zur Ausbreitungsrichtung der Welle herrscht. Es wird auch von Faraday-Rotation gesprochen."@de . . . . "Efiko de Faraday"@eo . "Faraday-effect"@nl . . . . "Faraday"@en . . "\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5B78\uFF0C\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u5E94\uFF08\u53C8\u53EB\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u65CB\u8F6C\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u78C1\u5149\u6548\u5E94\uFF08magneto-optic effect\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u5728\u4ECB\u8CEA\u5167\u5149\u6CE2\u8207\u78C1\u5834\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u6703\u9020\u6210\u504F\u632F\u5E73\u9762\u7684\u65CB\u8F49\uFF0C\u9019\u65CB\u8F49\u8207\u78C1\u5834\u671D\u8457\u5149\u6CE2\u50B3\u64AD\u65B9\u5411\u7684\u5206\u91CF\u5448\u7DDA\u6027\u6B63\u6BD4\u95DC\u4FC2\u3002 \u65BC1845\u5E74\uFF0C\u9EA5\u53EF\u00B7\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u53D1\u73B0\u4E86\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u3002\u9019\u662F\u6700\u5148\u63ED\u793A\u5149\u6CE2\u548C\u96FB\u78C1\u73FE\u8C61\u4E4B\u9593\u95DC\u4FC2\u7684\u5BE6\u9A57\u8B49\u64DA\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u986F\u793A\u51FA\uFF0C\u5728\u7A7F\u904E\u4ECB\u8CEA\u6642\uFF0C\u504F\u632F\u5149\u6CE2\u6703\u56E0\u70BA\u5916\u78C1\u5834\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u8F49\u8B8A\u504F\u632F\u7684\u65B9\u5411\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u99AC\u514B\u58EB\u5A01\u8A8D\u70BA\u78C1\u5834\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u65CB\u8F49\u73FE\u8C61\u3002\u9019\u6548\u61C9\u7D66\u4E88\u99AC\u514B\u58EB\u5A01\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u555F\u767C\u3002\u5728\u65BC1861\u5E74\u767C\u8868\u7684\u5DE8\u4F5C\u300A\u8AD6\u7269\u7406\u529B\u7DDA\u300B\u7B2C\u56DB\u90E8\u4EFD\uFF0C\u70BA\u4E86\u7A81\u986F\u51FA\u81EA\u5DF1\u8A2D\u8A08\u7684\u300C\u5206\u5B50\u6E26\u6D41\u6A21\u578B\u300D\u7684\u5A01\u529B\uFF0C\u4ED6\u61C9\u7528\u9019\u6A21\u578B\u4F86\u63A8\u5C0E\u51FA\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u3002\u57281870\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u00B7\u99AC\u514B\u58EB\u5A01\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u767C\u5C55\u51FA\u96FB\u78C1\u8F3B\u5C04\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u53EF\u898B\u5149\uFF09\u7684\u57FA\u790E\u7406\u8AD6\u3002\u5927\u591A\u6578\u5C0D\u65BC\u5149\u6CE2\u5448\u900F\u660E\u72C0\u6CC1\u7684\u4ECB\u8CEA\uFF08\u5305\u62EC\u6DB2\u9AD4\uFF09\uFF0C\u7576\u611F\u53D7\u5230\u78C1\u5834\u4F5C\u7528\u6642\uFF0C\u6703\u51FA\u73FE\u9019\u7A2E\u6548\u61C9\u3002 \u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u6703\u4F7F\u5F97\u5DE6\u65CB\u5713\u504F\u632F\u5149\u6CE2\u8207\u53F3\u65CB\u5713\u504F\u632F\u5149\u6CE2\u5404\u81EA\u4EE5\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u901F\u5EA6\u50B3\u64AD\u65BC\u67D0\u4E9B\u4ECB\u8CEA\uFF0C\u9019\u6027\u8CEA\u7A31\u70BA\u5713\u96D9\u6298\u5C04\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u7DDA\u6027\u504F\u632F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u89E3\u70BA\u5169\u500B\u5713\u504F\u632F\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u758A\u52A0\uFF0C\u800C\u9019\u5169\u500B\u5713\u504F\u632F\u90E8\u4EFD\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u632F\u5E45\u76F8\u540C\u3001\u87BA\u65CB\u6027\uFF08helicity\uFF09\u4E0D\u540C\u3001\u76F8\u4F4D\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u6240\u611F\u61C9\u51FA\u7684\u76F8\u5C0D\u7684\u76F8\u79FB\uFF0C\u6703\u9020\u6210\u7DDA\u6027\u504F\u632F\u53D6\u5411\u7684\u65CB\u8F49\u3002 \u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u53EF\u4EE5\u61C9\u7528\u65BC\u6E2C\u91CF\u5100\u5668\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\uFF0C\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u88AB\u7528\u65BC\u6E2C\u91CF\u65CB\u5149\u5EA6\u3001\u6216\u5149\u6CE2\u7684\u632F\u5E45\u8ABF\u8B8A\u3001\u6216\u78C1\u5834\u7684\u9059\u611F\u3002\u5728\u81EA\u65CB\u96FB\u5B50\u5B78\u88CF\uFF0C\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u61C9\u88AB\u7528\u65BC\u7814\u7A76\u534A\u5C0E\u9AD4\u5167\u90E8\u7684\u96FB\u5B50\u81EA\u65CB\u7684\u6975\u5316\u3002\uFF08Faraday rotator\uFF09 \u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u65BC\u5149\u6CE2\u7684\u8ABF\u5E45\uFF0C\u662F\u5149\u9694\u96E2\u5668\u8207\uFF08optical circulator\uFF09\u7684\u57FA\u790E\u7D44\u4EF6\uFF0C\u5728\u5149\u901A\u8A0A\u8207\u5176\u5B83\u6FC0\u5149\u9818\u57DF\u5FC5\u5099\u7D44\u4EF6\u3002"@zh . . "In fisica, l'effetto Faraday o rotazione di Faraday \u00E8 un fenomeno magneto-ottico, o una interazione tra luce e campo magnetico. La rotazione del piano di polarizzazione \u00E8 proporzionale alla intensit\u00E0 della componente del campo magnetico nella direzione del raggio luminoso. L'effetto Faraday, un tipo di effetto magneto-ottico, scoperto nel 1845 dal chimico e fisico Michael Faraday, fu la prima evidenza sperimentale che la luce ed il magnetismo sono correlati. La base teorica di tale relazione fu sviluppata nel periodo 1860/1870 da James Clerk Maxwell, e nominata radiazione elettromagnetica. Questo effetto \u00E8 presente nella maggioranza dei materiali dielettrici trasparenti (inclusi i liquidi) quando sono sottoposti ad intensi campi magnetici. L'effetto Faraday \u00E8 il risultato di una risonanza ferromagnetica quando la permeabilit\u00E0 o costante magnetica di una sostanza \u00E8 rappresentata da un tensore. Questa risonanza causa la scomposizione delle onde in due raggi a polarizzazione circolare inversa che si propagano a velocit\u00E0 differenti, una propriet\u00E0 nota come birifrangenza circolare. Si pu\u00F2 considerare che i raggi si ricombinino al loro emergere dal mezzo, tuttavia a causa della differenza nelle velocit\u00E0 di propagazione lo fanno con una netta differenza di fase, che risulta in una rotazione dell'angolo del piano di polarizzazione lineare. Ci sono alcune applicazioni della rotazione di Faraday negli strumenti di misura. Per esempio, l'effetto Faraday \u00E8 stato utilizzato per misurare il potere rotatorio ottico delle sostanze, per la modulazione in ampiezza della luce, e per sensori a distanza dei campi magnetici. La relazione tra l'angolo di rotazione del piano di polarizzazione ed il campo magnetico in un materiale diamagnetico \u00E8 in cui: \n* \u03B2 \u00E8 l'angolo di rotazione \n* B \u00E8 la densit\u00E0 del flusso magnetico nella direzione di propagazione della luce (in tesla) \n* d \u00E8 la lunghezza del tratto (in metri) in cui la luce ed il campo magnetico interagiscono \n* \u00E8 la del materiale. Questa costante di proporzionalit\u00E0 empirica (in unit\u00E0 di radianti per tesla per metro) varia con la lunghezza d'onda della luce e con la temperatura ed \u00E8 tabulata per vari materiali. Ad una costante di Verdet positiva corrisponde una rotazione sinistra (antioraria) quando la direzione di propagazione \u00E8 parallela al campo magnetico e ad una rotazione destra (oraria) quando la direzione di propagazione \u00E8 antiparallela. Perci\u00F2, se un raggio luminoso \u00E8 passato attraverso un materiale e, riflesso all'indietro, lo riattraversa, la rotazione si raddoppia. Alcuni materiali, quali il granato-terbio-gallio (un tipo di granato sintetico con formula Tb3Ga5O12.) sono caratterizzati da costanti di Verdet estremamente elevate. Collocando un tondino di questo materiale in un campo magnetico intenso, si possono ottenere angoli di rotazione Faraday di oltre 0,78 rad (45\u00B0). Ci\u00F2 consente la costruzione dei rotatori di Faraday, che rappresentano il componente principale degli isolatori di Faraday, dispositivi che trasmettono la luce in una direzione soltanto. Isolatori simili sono prodotti per i sistemi a microonde impiegando delle asticelle di ferrite in una guida d'onda con un campo magnetico circostante."@it . . . "Effetto Faraday"@it . "Zjawisko Faradaya, zjawisko magnetooptyczne \u2013 zjawisko fizyczne polegaj\u0105ce na obrocie (o pewien k\u0105t) p\u0142aszczyzny polaryzacji \u015Bwiat\u0142a spolaryzowanego liniowo w czasie przechodzenia \u015Bwiat\u0142a przez o\u015Brodek, w kt\u00F3rym istnieje pole magnetyczne. Zjawisko zosta\u0142o odkryte przez Michaela Faradaya w 1845 r. i by\u0142o pierwszym eksperymentem ujawniaj\u0105cym zwi\u0105zek \u015Bwiat\u0142a z magnetyzmem."@pl . . . "2006-05-10"^^ . . "XhU-nNiAgtI"@en . . . . . "Faradayeffekten \u00E4r en beskrivning f\u00F6r interaktionen mellan ljus och ett magnetiskt f\u00E4lt inom fysiken. Denna artikel om fysik saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . . . . . "En fiziko, la efiko de Faraday priskribas la interagon de lumo kun magneta kampo en materialo: la polarizo de la lumo realigas rotacion proporcie al la komponanto de la magneta indukdenso rilatanta al la direkto, la\u016D kiu disendi\u011Das la lumo. La efiko de Faraday estas magneto-optika efiko eltrovita de Michael Faraday en 1845. \u011Ci okazas en la pleijparto da dielektrikaj travideblaj materialo, kiam ili estas submetitaj al magnetaj kampoj. \u0108i tiu estis la unua pruvo de ligo inter magnetismo kaj lumo: tiu fakto, ke lumo enhavas magnetan kampon, partoprenas hodia\u016D en la teorio de elektromagneta radiado, elvolvita poste de James Clerk Maxwell dum la jardekoj 1860 kaj 1870. Se oni konsideras linian polarizon kiel superpozicio de du kontra\u016Dturni\u011Dantaj cirklaj polarizoj, tra la materialo la rapidoj de la du komponatoj estas malsamaj, rezultas relativa fazdiferenco inter ili kiam la ondo eliras el la substanco, sekvas rotaciion de la linia polarizo de la ondo rilatante al \u011Dia enira polarizo. Tio okazas trans materialoj, kies la magneta permeableco estas ne simetria tensoro. Tiel per efiko de Faraday, veninta luma radio kun linia polarizo en la konsiderita medio eliras de \u011Di kun malsama orienti\u011Do de sia origina polarizo. Pluraj mezuriloj uzas la efikon de Faraday. Ekzemple, oni povas mezuri la optikan rotaciigon de iaj substancoj, moduli la lumamplitudon, a\u016D detekti kaj taksi magnetan kampon."@eo . . . . . . . . . "Zjawisko Faradaya"@pl . . . "Efeito Faraday"@pt . . . . . . . . . "\uD328\uB7EC\uB370\uC774 \uD6A8\uACFC(Faraday effect) \uB610\uB294 \uD328\uB7EC\uB370\uC774 \uD68C\uC804\uAC01(Faraday rotation angle)\uC740 \uBE5B\uC758 \uD3B8\uAD11 \uAC01\uC774 \uAD11\uD559\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD65C\uC131\uC778 \uC790\uC131 \uB9E4\uC9C8\uC744 \uD22C\uACFC\uD560 \uB54C\uC5D0 \uADF8 \uD68C\uC804\uAC01\uC758 \uD06C\uAE30\uB97C \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B8\uAC12\uC73C\uB85C \uBCF5\uC18C\uC218 \uAC12\uC73C\uB85C \uD45C\uD604\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . "El efecto Faraday (denominado a veces como rotaci\u00F3n Faraday) fue descubierto en 1845 por el f\u00EDsico Michael Faraday, e intenta demostrar la interacci\u00F3n entre la luz y un campo magn\u00E9tico. El efecto describe c\u00F3mo el plano de polarizaci\u00F3n de la luz puede cambiar y muestra c\u00F3mo su alteraci\u00F3n es proporcional a la intensidad del componente del campo magn\u00E9tico en la direcci\u00F3n de propagaci\u00F3n de la onda luminosa. El efecto Faraday, un efecto magneto-\u00F3ptico, es la primera evidencia experimental de que la luz y el magnetismo est\u00E1n relacionados. Hoy en d\u00EDa la base te\u00F3rica para definir esta relaci\u00F3n se denomina Teor\u00EDa electromagn\u00E9tica, y fue desarrollada por James Clerk Maxwell entre los a\u00F1os 1860 y 70. Este efecto ocurre en la mayor\u00EDa de los materiales diel\u00E9ctricos transparentes afectados por fuertes campos magn\u00E9ticos (por ejemplo: 5 Tesla (50000 gauss) para hacer rotar la polarizaci\u00F3n 90 grados). El efecto Faraday es resultado de una resonancia ferromagn\u00E9tica cuando la permeabilidad de un material se representa por un tensor. Esta resonancia provoca que las ondas se descompongan en dos rayos polarizados circularmente y que se propagan con velocidades diferentes. Esta propiedad se conoce como birrefringencia circular. Los rayos se recombinan al llegar a la interfase del medio, de tal forma que la onda resultante final tiene una rotaci\u00F3n de su plano de polarizaci\u00F3n."@es . . . . . . . . . . . "518692"^^ . . . "Rothl\u00FA pl\u00E1na polaraithe solais, at\u00E1 polaraithe go l\u00EDneach, nuair a th\u00E9ann s\u00E9 tr\u00ED \u00E1bhair at\u00E1 suite i r\u00E9imse l\u00E1idir maighn\u00E9adach. Chuir Michael Faraday s\u00EDos air seo den ch\u00E9ad uair i 1845, agus ba ch\u00E9im stairi\u00FAil \u00E9 i l\u00E9iri\u00FA an cheangail idir solas is maighn\u00E9adas. Is iarmhairt mhaighn\u00E9adopt\u00FAil \u00ED, de bharr ainiseatr\u00F3pacht a ionduchta\u00EDonn an r\u00E9imse maighn\u00E9adach san \u00E1bhar. N\u00ED hionann \u00ED is gn\u00EDomha\u00EDocht opt\u00FAil, ina gc\u00FAla\u00EDtear an rothl\u00FA sa pholar\u00FA a tharla\u00EDonn is an l\u00E9as ag trasn\u00FA tr\u00EDd an \u00E1bhar gn\u00EDomhach m\u00E1 chuirtear an l\u00E9as ar ais tr\u00EDd sa mhalairt treo. Maidir leis an iarmhairt mhaighn\u00E9adopt\u00FAil, d\u00FAbl\u00E1itear an rothl\u00FA m\u00E1 dh\u00E9antar an turgnamh c\u00E9anna."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Faraday effect or Faraday rotation, sometimes referred to as the magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE), is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The Faraday effect causes a polarization rotation which is proportional to the projection of the magnetic field along the direction of the light propagation. Formally, it is a special case of obtained when the dielectric permittivity tensor is diagonal. This effect occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids) under the influence of magnetic fields. Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, the Faraday effect was the first experimental evidence that light and electromagnetism are related. The theoretical basis of electromagnetic radiation (which includes visible light) was completed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s. Maxwell's equations were rewritten in their current form in the 1870s by Oliver Heaviside. The Faraday effect is caused by left and right circularly polarized waves propagating at slightly different speeds, a property known as circular birefringence. Since a linear polarization can be decomposed into the superposition of two equal-amplitude circularly polarized components of opposite handedness and different phase, the effect of a relative phase shift, induced by the Faraday effect, is to rotate the orientation of a wave's linear polarization. The Faraday effect has applications in measuring instruments. For instance, the Faraday effect has been used to measure optical rotatory power and for remote sensing of magnetic fields (such as fiber optic current sensors). The Faraday effect is used in spintronics research to study the polarization of electron spins in semiconductors. Faraday rotators can be used for amplitude modulation of light, and are the basis of optical isolators and optical circulators; such components are required in optical telecommunications and other laser applications."@en . "En physique, l'effet Faraday d\u00E9crit l'interaction entre la lumi\u00E8re et un champ magn\u00E9tique dans un mat\u00E9riau : la polarisation de la lumi\u00E8re effectue une rotation proportionnelle \u00E0 la composante du champ magn\u00E9tique sur la direction de propagation de la lumi\u00E8re. L'effet Faraday est un effet magn\u00E9to-optique d\u00E9couvert par Michael Faraday en 1845. Il appara\u00EEt dans la plupart des mat\u00E9riaux di\u00E9lectriques transparents lorsqu'ils sont soumis \u00E0 des champs magn\u00E9tiques. Ce fut la premi\u00E8re mise en \u00E9vidence du lien entre magn\u00E9tisme et lumi\u00E8re : le fait que la lumi\u00E8re contienne un champ magn\u00E9tique fait maintenant partie de la th\u00E9orie du rayonnement \u00E9lectromagn\u00E9tique, d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 par James Clerk Maxwell dans les ann\u00E9es 1860 et 1870. L'effet Faraday est le r\u00E9sultat d'une r\u00E9sonance ferromagn\u00E9tique. Cette r\u00E9sonance implique qu'en d\u00E9composant la polarisation de la lumi\u00E8re en deux polarisations circulaires tournant en sens contraire, ces deux composantes se propagent \u00E0 des vitesses diff\u00E9rentes, donnant ainsi un pouvoir rotatoire au mat\u00E9riau. Il appara\u00EEt alors un d\u00E9phasage entre ces deux composantes. La cons\u00E9quence principale est qu'un rayon lumineux entrant avec une polarisation rectiligne dans le milieu consid\u00E9r\u00E9 ressort avec une orientation de sa polarisation diff\u00E9rente. Plusieurs instruments de mesure utilisent l'effet Faraday. Par exemple, on peut mesurer le pouvoir rotatoire des substances, effectuer une modulation de l'amplitude de la lumi\u00E8re, ou d\u00E9tecter un champ magn\u00E9tique."@fr . "Faraday-Effekt"@de . . . "24147"^^ . "En fiziko, la efiko de Faraday priskribas la interagon de lumo kun magneta kampo en materialo: la polarizo de la lumo realigas rotacion proporcie al la komponanto de la magneta indukdenso rilatanta al la direkto, la\u016D kiu disendi\u011Das la lumo. Pluraj mezuriloj uzas la efikon de Faraday. Ekzemple, oni povas mezuri la optikan rotaciigon de iaj substancoj, moduli la lumamplitudon, a\u016D detekti kaj taksi magnetan kampon."@eo . "Paragraph #7718"@en . . "O efeito Faraday \u00E9 um fen\u00F4meno de polariza\u00E7\u00E3o da luz atrav\u00E9s de rela\u00E7\u00F5es entre a eletricidade e o magnetismo. O aparelho utilizado na percep\u00E7\u00E3o deste efeito foi simplesmente um peda\u00E7o de vidro grosso e um eletro\u00EDm\u00E3 em forma de ferradura, onde uma luz que emerge do vidro tem seu plano de polariza\u00E7\u00E3o modificado pelo campo magn\u00E9tico. O efeito Faraday demonstrou a \u00EDntima rela\u00E7\u00E3o entre as ondas de luz e o eletromagnetismo. Sabemos atualmente que o efeito \u00E9 causado por pequeninas correntes el\u00E9tricas dentro de \u00E1tomos individuais. Quando colocadas em um forte campo magn\u00E9tico, essas correntes s\u00E3o ligeiramente modificadas dentro do \u00E1tomo. Estas modifica\u00E7\u00F5es produzem a rota\u00E7\u00E3o do plano de polariza\u00E7\u00E3o."@pt . . "El efecto Faraday (denominado a veces como rotaci\u00F3n Faraday) fue descubierto en 1845 por el f\u00EDsico Michael Faraday, e intenta demostrar la interacci\u00F3n entre la luz y un campo magn\u00E9tico. El efecto describe c\u00F3mo el plano de polarizaci\u00F3n de la luz puede cambiar y muestra c\u00F3mo su alteraci\u00F3n es proporcional a la intensidad del componente del campo magn\u00E9tico en la direcci\u00F3n de propagaci\u00F3n de la onda luminosa."@es . "\u042D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F"@ru . . "Het Faraday-effect of Faraday rotatie is een magneto-optisch effect. Het beschrijft hoe het polarisatievlak van licht draait onder invloed van een magnetisch veld."@nl . . . "\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u52B9\u679C(\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u3053\u3046\u304B)\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u78C1\u6C17\u65CB\u5149(\u3058\u304D\u305B\u3093\u3053\u3046)\u3068\u306F\u3001\u78C1\u5834\u306B\u5E73\u884C\u306A\u9032\u884C\u65B9\u5411\u306B\u3001\u76F4\u7DDA\u504F\u5149\u3092\u7269\u8CEA\u306B\u900F\u904E\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3068\u304D\u306B\u504F\u5149\u9762\u304C\u56DE\u8EE2\u3059\u308B\u73FE\u8C61\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u3053\u306E\u56DE\u8EE2\u3092\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u56DE\u8EE2(Faraday Rotation)\u3068\u547C\u3076\u3002 1845\u5E74\u306B\u30DE\u30A4\u30B1\u30EB\u30FB\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767A\u898B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "\u0415\u0444\u0435\u0301\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456 \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0456\u0454\u044E \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0456\u0437\u043E\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u0441\u0456 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0436 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430, \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0443\u0442, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F. \u0417\u043D\u0430\u043A \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0456 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F \u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430. \u042F\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0437\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0449\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0443 1845 \u041C\u0430\u0439\u043A\u043B \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439."@uk . "Faraday effect"@en . . . . . . "Faradayeffekten \u00E4r en beskrivning f\u00F6r interaktionen mellan ljus och ett magnetiskt f\u00E4lt inom fysiken. Denna artikel om fysik saknar v\u00E4sentlig information. Du kan hj\u00E4lpa till genom att l\u00E4gga till den."@sv . . "\u6CD5\u62C9\u7B2C\u6548\u5E94"@zh . . . . "L'efecte Faraday o rotaci\u00F3 Faraday, en f\u00EDsica \u00E9s un fenomen magneto-\u00F2ptic, \u00E9s a dir, una interacci\u00F3 entre la llum i un camp magn\u00E8tic en un medi. L'efecte Faraday causa una rotaci\u00F3 del pla de polaritzaci\u00F3 el qual \u00E9s linealment proporcional al component del camp magn\u00E8tic en la direcci\u00F3 de la propagaci\u00F3."@ca . . . . "\u30D5\u30A1\u30E9\u30C7\u30FC\u52B9\u679C"@ja . . "\u042D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F (\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F) \u2014 , \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0439\u043D\u043E-\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438, \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u0435 \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0430 1011\u20141012 \u0413\u0441."@ru . "Iarmhairt Faraday"@ga . "\u042D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F (\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F) \u2014 , \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0439\u043D\u043E-\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043D\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435, \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438, \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u0435 \u0432 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0438\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0430 1011\u20141012 \u0413\u0441."@ru . . "Der Faraday-Effekt ist ein magnetooptischer Effekt. Er beschreibt die Drehung der Polarisationsebene einer linear polarisierten elektromagnetischen Welle in einem Medium, wenn darin ein Magnetfeld parallel zur Ausbreitungsrichtung der Welle herrscht. Es wird auch von Faraday-Rotation gesprochen."@de . . "\u0415\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044F"@uk . . "Effet Faraday"@fr . . . . "L'efecte Faraday o rotaci\u00F3 Faraday, en f\u00EDsica \u00E9s un fenomen magneto-\u00F2ptic, \u00E9s a dir, una interacci\u00F3 entre la llum i un camp magn\u00E8tic en un medi. L'efecte Faraday causa una rotaci\u00F3 del pla de polaritzaci\u00F3 el qual \u00E9s linealment proporcional al component del camp magn\u00E8tic en la direcci\u00F3 de la propagaci\u00F3. Va ser descobert per Michael Faraday l'any 1845, l'efecte Faraday va ser la primera evid\u00E8ncia experimental sobre que la llum i l'electromagnetisme estan relacionats. La base te\u00F2rica de la radiaci\u00F3 electromagn\u00E8tica (la qual inclou la llum visible) va ser completada per James Clerk Maxwell en les d\u00E8cades de 1860 i 1870. Aquest efecte t\u00E9 lloc en la majoria dels materials diel\u00E8ctrics (incloent l\u00EDquids sota la influ\u00E8ncia de camps magn\u00E8tics). L'efecte Faraday causa que les ones dretes i esquerres polaritzades cisrcularment es propaguin a velocitats lleugerament diferents, una propietat coneguda com a birefrig\u00E8ncia circular. Com que una polaritzaci\u00F3 linear es pot descompondre en la superposici\u00F3 de dos components polaritzats circularment de dues amplituds iguals de destressa oposada i fase diferent, l'efecte d'un relatiu canvi de fase indu\u00EFt per l'efecte de Faraday, \u00E9s fer girar l'orientaci\u00F3 de la polaritzaci\u00F3 lineal d'una ona. L'efecte Faraday t\u00E9 algunes aplicacions dels instruments de mesura. Per exemple, l'efecte Faraday s'ha utilitzat per mesurar el poder rotatori \u00F2ptic i de teledetecci\u00F3 dels camps magn\u00E8tics. L'efecte Faraday s'utilitza en la recerca espintr\u00F2nica (spinstronics) per estudiar la polaritzaci\u00F3 dels espins dels electrons en semiconductors. El rotadors de Faraday es poden utilitzar per a la modulaci\u00F3 d'amplitud de la llum, i s\u00F3n la base d'a\u00EFllant \u00F2ptics i circulador \u00F2ptics; tals components es requereixen en les telecomunicacions \u00F2ptiques i altres aplicacions del l\u00E0ser."@ca . . . . "Efecte Faraday"@ca . "The Faraday effect or Faraday rotation, sometimes referred to as the magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE), is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The Faraday effect causes a polarization rotation which is proportional to the projection of the magnetic field along the direction of the light propagation. Formally, it is a special case of obtained when the dielectric permittivity tensor is diagonal. This effect occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids) under the influence of magnetic fields."@en . . . "Paragraph #7504"@en . . "Faradayeffekt"@sv . "In fisica, l'effetto Faraday o rotazione di Faraday \u00E8 un fenomeno magneto-ottico, o una interazione tra luce e campo magnetico. La rotazione del piano di polarizzazione \u00E8 proporzionale alla intensit\u00E0 della componente del campo magnetico nella direzione del raggio luminoso. L'effetto Faraday, un tipo di effetto magneto-ottico, scoperto nel 1845 dal chimico e fisico Michael Faraday, fu la prima evidenza sperimentale che la luce ed il magnetismo sono correlati. La base teorica di tale relazione fu sviluppata nel periodo 1860/1870 da James Clerk Maxwell, e nominata radiazione elettromagnetica."@it .