. . . . "G\u00F6dsel, g\u00F6dselmedel, g\u00F6dningsmedel eller g\u00F6dnings\u00E4mne, \u00E4r substanser som anv\u00E4nds f\u00F6r att f\u00F6rb\u00E4ttra jordm\u00E5nen, inom tr\u00E4dg\u00E5rds- och jordbruk, f\u00F6r att fr\u00E4mst f\u00E5 de odlade v\u00E4xterna att v\u00E4xa snabbare. En f\u00F6ruts\u00E4ttning f\u00F6r att driva h\u00E5llbart jordbruk \u00E4r att man ger tillbaka lika mycket v\u00E4xtn\u00E4ring som g\u00E5r bort med gr\u00F6dan och lakas ut med nederb\u00F6rds\u00F6verskottet. I m\u00E4nniskans tidiga historia var jordbrukarna nomader, och beh\u00F6vde inte t\u00E4nka p\u00E5 , men n\u00E4r man bosatte sig l\u00E4ngre tider p\u00E5 samma plats var man tvungna att l\u00E4ra sig om kretsloppet av n\u00E4ring och utnyttjande av v\u00E4xelbruk. Man kan i princip s\u00E4ga att anv\u00E4ndning av g\u00F6dsel \u00E4r en av f\u00F6ruts\u00E4ttningarna f\u00F6r m\u00E4nniskors m\u00F6jlighet att bli bofasta."@sv . . "Les engrais sont des substances organiques ou min\u00E9rales, souvent utilis\u00E9es en m\u00E9langes, destin\u00E9es \u00E0 apporter aux plantes des compl\u00E9ments d'\u00E9l\u00E9ments nutritifs, de fa\u00E7on \u00E0 am\u00E9liorer leur croissance, et \u00E0 augmenter le rendement et la qualit\u00E9 des cultures. L'action consistant \u00E0 apporter un engrais s'appelle la fertilisation. Les engrais font partie, avec les amendements, des produits fertilisants et plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement font partie des produits consommables de l'agrofourniture. La fertilisation se pratique en agriculture, horticulture, sylviculture et lors des activit\u00E9s de jardinage. Les engrais sont utilis\u00E9s depuis l'Antiquit\u00E9, o\u00F9 l'on ajoutait au sol, de fa\u00E7on empirique, les phosphates des os, calcin\u00E9s ou non, l'azote des fumures animales et humaines, le potassium des cendres."@fr . . . . . . . . . "Kunstmest is de benaming voor alle voedingsstoffen van niet-biologische oorsprong, die aan de bodem worden toegevoegd ter bevordering van de groei van landbouwgewassen. In de biologische landbouw wordt kunstmest niet gebruikt. Bijna alle tegenwoordig in de reguliere landbouw gebruikte kunstmeststoffen zijn anorganische zouten, afkomstig van industri\u00EBle chemische synthese. Chilisalpeter (van guano uit Chili) is weliswaar van organische oorsprong, maar wordt kunstmatig in een fabriek verwerkt en krijgt dan ook de naam kunstmest mee. Kunstmest staat tegenover de al veel langer gebruikte stalmest; de uitwerpselen van de in de veeteelt gehouden dieren, al dan niet vermengd met stro."@nl . . . . . . . . "I fertilizzanti sono mezzi tecnici, utilizzati in agricoltura e giardinaggio, che permettono di creare, ricostituire, conservare o aumentare la fertilit\u00E0 del terreno. Secondo il tipo di miglioramento che conferiscono al suolo, i fertilizzanti si distinguono come: \n* Concimi: arricchiscono il terreno in uno o pi\u00F9 elementi nutritivi. \n* Ammendanti: migliorano le propriet\u00E0 fisiche del terreno modificandone la struttura e/o la tessitura \n* Correttivi: modificano la reazione dei terreni anomali spostando il pH verso la neutralit\u00E0. Il primo fertilizzante chimico fu il superfosfato di calcio, brevettato da John Bennet Lawes nel 1842. Per condurre un'analisi sui fertilizzanti bisogna eseguire diversi esperimenti: determinazione dell'azoto, determinazione dell'azoto organico, determinazione dell'azoto nitrico."@it . . "Fertilizantes ou adubos (sint\u00E9ticos ou org\u00E2nicos) s\u00E3o qualquer tipo de subst\u00E2ncia aplicada ao solo ou tecidos vegetais (geralmente as folhas) para prover um ou mais nutrientes essenciais ao crescimento das plantas. S\u00E3o aplicados na agricultura com o intuito de melhorar a produ\u00E7\u00E3o. \u00C9 comum referir-se aos fertilizantes como \"adubo sint\u00E9tico\" e, simplesmente \"adubo\", ou esterco animal para fertilizantes de origem org\u00E2nica. As plantas necessitam de diversos elementos qu\u00EDmicos: Os fertilizantes, n\u00E3o obstante o seu m\u00E9rito na agricultura, podem causar polui\u00E7\u00E3o de solos e cursos de \u00E1gua."@pt . . "Fertilizzante"@it . "\u0423\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . . . . "G\u00F6dsel"@sv . "I fertilizzanti sono mezzi tecnici, utilizzati in agricoltura e giardinaggio, che permettono di creare, ricostituire, conservare o aumentare la fertilit\u00E0 del terreno. Secondo il tipo di miglioramento che conferiscono al suolo, i fertilizzanti si distinguono come: \n* Concimi: arricchiscono il terreno in uno o pi\u00F9 elementi nutritivi. \n* Ammendanti: migliorano le propriet\u00E0 fisiche del terreno modificandone la struttura e/o la tessitura \n* Correttivi: modificano la reazione dei terreni anomali spostando il pH verso la neutralit\u00E0."@it . . . . "Sterko"@eo . . . "Hnojiva jsou sm\u011Bsi, pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E9 pro zlep\u0161en\u00ED r\u016Fstu rostlin. Obvykle jsou aplikov\u00E1na p\u0159es p\u016Fdu (pro p\u0159\u00EDjem ko\u0159eny) nebo tzv. hnojen\u00EDm na list (pro p\u0159\u00EDjem listy). Hnojiva obvykle poskytuj\u00ED v r\u016Fzn\u00FDch pom\u011Brech t\u0159i hlavn\u00ED biogenn\u00ED prvky (dus\u00EDk, fosfor, drasl\u00EDk), sekund\u00E1rn\u00ED biogenn\u00ED prvky (v\u00E1pn\u00EDk, s\u00EDra, ho\u0159\u010D\u00EDk) a n\u011Bkdy tak\u00E9 stopov\u00E9 prvky, kter\u00E9 jsou u\u017Eite\u010Dn\u00E9 pro hnojen\u00ED: bor, chlor, mangan, \u017Eelezo, zinek, m\u011B\u010F a molybden."@cs . "Nawozy"@pl . . . . . "\u80A5\u6599\u662F\u4EFB\u4E00\u5929\u7136\u6216\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4E00\u7A2E\u6216\u591A\u7A2E\u690D\u7269\u6210\u9577\u767C\u80B2\u6240\u5FC5\u9700\u7684\u71DF\u990A\u5143\u7D20\uFF0C\u7D0430%-50%\u7684\u4F5C\u7269\u7522\u91CF\u589E\u52A0\u662F\u4F86\u6B78\u56E0\u65BC\u5929\u7136\u6216\u7121\u6A5F\u5316\u5B78\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5546\u696D\u80A5\u6599\u3002\u5E02\u9762\u4E0A\u51FA\u552E\u7684\u80A5\u6599\u7A2E\u985E\u53CA\u54C1\u724C\u6975\u591A\uFF0C\u4F9D\u6210\u5206\u53EF\u5206\u70BA\u7121\u6A5F\u80A5\u6599\u548C\u6709\u6A5F\u80A5\u6599\uFF0C\u80A5\u6599\u901A\u5E38\u76F4\u63A5\u7528\u65BC\u571F\u58E4\uFF0C\u6216\u5674\u7051\u65BC\u8449\u7247\u3002 \u5F9E\u6B77\u53F2\u4F86\u770B\uFF0C\u65BD\u80A5\u4F86\u81EA\u5929\u7136\u6216\u6709\u6A5F\u4F86\u6E90\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u5806\u80A5\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u6392\u6CC4\u7269\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u6392\u6CC4\u7269\u3001\u958B\u63A1\u7684\u7926\u7269\u3001\u8F2A\u4F5C\u8015\u7A2E\u4EE5\u53CA\u52A0\u5DE5\u696D\u7684\u526F\u7522\u54C1\uFF08\u5982\u9B5A\u985E\u52A0\u5DE5\u5EE2\u68C4\u7269\u6216\u52D5\u7269\u5C60\u5BB0\u7684\uFF09\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u5F9E 19 \u4E16\u7D00\u958B\u59CB\uFF0C\u5728\u690D\u7269\u71DF\u990A\u5B78\u7684\u5275\u65B0\u7A81\u7834\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u4EE5\u4EBA\u5DE5\u5408\u6210\u80A5\u6599\u70BA\u4E2D\u5FC3\u7684\u8FB2\u7522\u54C1\u5DE5\u696D\u767C\u5C55\u8D77\u4F86\u3002\u9019\u4E00\u8F49\u8B8A\u5C0D\u65BC\u6539\u8B8A\u5168\u7403\u7CE7\u98DF\u7CFB\u7D71\u975E\u5E38\u91CD\u8981\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5F97\u5728\u5927\u9762\u7A4D\u571F\u5730\u9032\u884C\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u7684\u5DE5\u696D\u5316\u8FB2\u696D\u6210\u70BA\u53EF\u80FD\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662F\u50CF 20 \u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u7684 \u54C8\u4F2F\u6CD5\u9019\u6A23\u7684\u56FA\u6C2E\u5316\u5B78\u8655\u7406\uFF0C\u5728\u4E8C\u6230\u671F\u9593\u6240\u5275\u9020\u51FA\u4F86\u7684\u751F\u7522\u5BB9\u91CF\u7684\u523A\u6FC0\u4E0B\uFF0C\u5C0E\u81F4\u4E86\u6C2E\u80A5\u5927\u91CF\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u5728 20 \u4E16\u7D00\u4E0B\u534A\u8449\uFF0C\u6C2E\u80A5\u4F7F\u7528\u91CF\u7684\u589E\u52A0\uFF081961 \u5E74\u81F3 2019 \u5E74\u9593\u589E\u52A0\u4E86 800%\uFF09\u4E00\u76F4\u662F\u63D0\u9AD8\u50B3\u7D71\u7CE7\u98DF\u7CFB\u7D71\u751F\u7522\u529B\uFF08\u5E73\u5747\u6BCF\u4EBA\u8D85\u904E 30%\uFF09\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u8981\u7D20\uFF0C\u662F\u6240\u8B02\u201C\u7DA0\u8272\u9769\u547D\u201D\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . "Is \u00E9ard is leas\u00FA ann n\u00E1 \u00E1bhar a shol\u00E1thra\u00EDonn coth\u00FA do phlanda\u00ED nuair a chuirtear leis an ithir \u00E9. \u00DAs\u00E1idtear an t\u00E9arma de ghn\u00E1th chun tagairt do cheimice\u00E1in neamhorg\u00E1nacha ina bhfuil ceann n\u00F3 n\u00EDos m\u00F3 de na cothuithe bun\u00FAsacha pland\u00FAla n\u00EDtrigin, fosfar n\u00F3 potais. Cl\u00FAda\u00EDonn s\u00E9 comhdh\u00FAile ina bhfuil riand\u00FAile cos\u00FAil le b\u00F3r\u00F3n, c\u00F3balt, copar, iarann, mangain\u00E9is, molaibd\u00E9ineam is sinc. Cl\u00FAda\u00EDonn s\u00E9 aol freisin, chun aig\u00E9adacht na hithreach a cheart\u00FA, agus \u00E1bhair tiubhaithe org\u00E1nacha, cos\u00FAil le fuil thriomaithe is min chn\u00E1mh. N\u00EDos ginear\u00E1lta, cuims\u00EDonn an t\u00E9arma \u00E1bhair org\u00E1nacha cos\u00FAil le m\u00FAir\u00EDn is aoileach eallaigh. Cuirtear leasuithe san ithir i bhfoirm leachtach, gr\u00E1inneach, n\u00F3 p\u00FAdair, agus is f\u00E9idir iad a instealladh go d\u00EDreach sa talamh n\u00F3 a leathadh ar an dromchla. De ghn\u00E1th, tagann n\u00EDtrigin i bhfoirm n\u00EDotr\u00E1it\u00ED n\u00F3 comhdh\u00FAile am\u00F3iniam, tagann fosfar i bhfoirm fosf\u00E1it\u00ED, agus potais i bhfoirm cl\u00F3ir\u00EDd photaisiam n\u00F3 sulf\u00E1it photaisiam. \u00D3 dheireadh an dara cogadh domhanda t\u00E1 m\u00E9ad\u00FA m\u00F3r tagtha ar an oiread leasuithe saorga a \u00FAs\u00E1idtear chun t\u00E1irgeadh na ngr\u00E1n a mh\u00E9ad\u00FA. Ach m\u00E1 \u00FAs\u00E1idtear farasbarr leasuithe n\u00EDtrigineacha, is f\u00E9idir sruthanna uisce is sol\u00E1thairt\u00ED uisce in\u00F3lta a thruailli\u00FA, agus mar sin, leagtar s\u00EDos teorannuithe i dt\u00EDortha \u00E1irithe ar an m\u00E9id leasaithe a cheada\u00EDtear a \u00FAs\u00E1id ar an talamh gach s\u00E9as\u00FAr."@ga . . "Ongarria edo ongailua substantzia organiko edo ez-organikoa da, landareentzako mantenugai asimilagarriak dituena. Ongarriak erabiltzen dira, besteak beste, lurzoruan mantenugaien edukia mantentzeko edo areagotzeko, substratuaren nutrizio-maila hobetzeko eta landareen haziera begetatiboa estimulatzeko. Ongarrien iturriak naturalak zein industrialak dira."@eu . . . . . "Nawozy \u2013 \u015Brodki u\u017Cywane w uprawie ro\u015Blin (nawo\u017Cenie) celem zwi\u0119kszenia wysoko\u015Bci i jako\u015Bci plonowania dzi\u0119ki wzbogaceniu gleby w sk\u0142adniki pokarmowe niezb\u0119dne dla ro\u015Blin i polepszeniu jej w\u0142a\u015Bciwo\u015Bci fizycznych, fizykochemicznych, chemicznych i biologicznych, pochodzenia mineralnego lub organicznego. Nawozami s\u0105 r\u00F3wnie\u017C produkty przeznaczone do zwi\u0119kszania \u017Cyzno\u015Bci staw\u00F3w rybnych. W zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od nawozu, zawarte w nim sk\u0142adniki pokarmowe mog\u0105 by\u0107 w formie bezpo\u015Brednio przyswajalnej przez ro\u015Bliny lub te\u017C dopiero po przemianach zachodz\u0105cych w glebie, przez co dzia\u0142anie nawoz\u00F3w mo\u017Ce trwa\u0107 w ci\u0105gu jednego roku nawo\u017Cenia lub nawet 3-5 nast\u0119pnych lat (np. na ci\u0119\u017Ckich glebach). Czasem sk\u0142adniki pokarmowe w wyniku przemian glebowych przechodz\u0105 w form\u0119 trudniej przyswajaln\u0105 lub ca\u0142kowicie nieprzyswajaln\u0105 dla ro\u015Blin."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Is \u00E9ard is leas\u00FA ann n\u00E1 \u00E1bhar a shol\u00E1thra\u00EDonn coth\u00FA do phlanda\u00ED nuair a chuirtear leis an ithir \u00E9. \u00DAs\u00E1idtear an t\u00E9arma de ghn\u00E1th chun tagairt do cheimice\u00E1in neamhorg\u00E1nacha ina bhfuil ceann n\u00F3 n\u00EDos m\u00F3 de na cothuithe bun\u00FAsacha pland\u00FAla n\u00EDtrigin, fosfar n\u00F3 potais. Cl\u00FAda\u00EDonn s\u00E9 comhdh\u00FAile ina bhfuil riand\u00FAile cos\u00FAil le b\u00F3r\u00F3n, c\u00F3balt, copar, iarann, mangain\u00E9is, molaibd\u00E9ineam is sinc. Cl\u00FAda\u00EDonn s\u00E9 aol freisin, chun aig\u00E9adacht na hithreach a cheart\u00FA, agus \u00E1bhair tiubhaithe org\u00E1nacha, cos\u00FAil le fuil thriomaithe is min chn\u00E1mh. N\u00EDos ginear\u00E1lta, cuims\u00EDonn an t\u00E9arma \u00E1bhair org\u00E1nacha cos\u00FAil le m\u00FAir\u00EDn is aoileach eallaigh. Cuirtear leasuithe san ithir i bhfoirm leachtach, gr\u00E1inneach, n\u00F3 p\u00FAdair, agus is f\u00E9idir iad a instealladh go d\u00EDreach sa talamh n\u00F3 a leathadh ar an dromchla. De ghn\u00E1th, tagann n\u00EDtrigi"@ga . . . . "1124907333"^^ . . . . . "\u0423\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432. \u0418\u0445 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0442\u0435\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fertilizante"@es . . . . . . "2021-02-26"^^ . . . . . "\u80A5\u6599"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "G\u00F6dsel, g\u00F6dselmedel, g\u00F6dningsmedel eller g\u00F6dnings\u00E4mne, \u00E4r substanser som anv\u00E4nds f\u00F6r att f\u00F6rb\u00E4ttra jordm\u00E5nen, inom tr\u00E4dg\u00E5rds- och jordbruk, f\u00F6r att fr\u00E4mst f\u00E5 de odlade v\u00E4xterna att v\u00E4xa snabbare. En f\u00F6ruts\u00E4ttning f\u00F6r att driva h\u00E5llbart jordbruk \u00E4r att man ger tillbaka lika mycket v\u00E4xtn\u00E4ring som g\u00E5r bort med gr\u00F6dan och lakas ut med nederb\u00F6rds\u00F6verskottet. I m\u00E4nniskans tidiga historia var jordbrukarna nomader, och beh\u00F6vde inte t\u00E4nka p\u00E5 , men n\u00E4r man bosatte sig l\u00E4ngre tider p\u00E5 samma plats var man tvungna att l\u00E4ra sig om kretsloppet av n\u00E4ring och utnyttjande av v\u00E4xelbruk. Man kan i princip s\u00E4ga att anv\u00E4ndning av g\u00F6dsel \u00E4r en av f\u00F6ruts\u00E4ttningarna f\u00F6r m\u00E4nniskors m\u00F6jlighet att bli bofasta."@sv . . . . . . . "Un fertilitzant o adob, \u00E9s des de l'accepci\u00F3 agr\u00EDcola de la paraula, qualsevol subst\u00E0ncia que cont\u00E9 un o diversos elements qu\u00EDmics necessaris per a la nutrici\u00F3 dels conreus i que s'aporta als vegetals, via foliar o radicular, per incrementar la seva productivitat o qualitat. Els fertilitzants poden ser d'origen org\u00E0nic o mineral, i tamb\u00E9 combinacions d'aquests dos tipus. Els elements qu\u00EDmics que els vegetals extreuen en m\u00E9s gran quantitat del substrat, per tal de subvenir a llurs necessitats sintetitzadores, s\u00F3n els anomenats macronutrients; els principals dels quals s\u00F3n el nitrogen, el f\u00F2sfor i el potassi, i sovint s'inclou en aquest grup el calci."@ca . . "D\u00FCnger"@de . . "Un fertilizante o abono es cualquier tipo de sustancia org\u00E1nica o inorg\u00E1nica que contiene nutrientes en formas asimilables por las plantas, para mantener o incrementar el contenido de estos elementos en el suelo, mejorar la calidad del sustrato a nivel nutricional, estimular el crecimiento vegetativo de las plantas, etc. Ejemplos naturales o ecol\u00F3gicos de abono se encuentran tanto en el cl\u00E1sico esti\u00E9rcol, mezclado con los desechos de la agricultura como el forraje, o en el guano formado por los excrementos de las aves (por ejemplo de corral, como el de la gallina). Las plantas no necesitan compuestos complejos del tipo de las vitaminas o los amino\u00E1cidos, esenciales en la nutrici\u00F3n humana, pues sintetizan todo lo que precisan; solo requieren diecisiete elementos qu\u00EDmicos que deben presentarse en una forma que la planta pueda absorber. Dentro de esta limitaci\u00F3n, el nitr\u00F3geno, por ejemplo, puede administrarse con igual eficiencia en forma de urea, nitratos, compuestos de amonio o amon\u00EDaco puro.\u200B La definici\u00F3n de abono seg\u00FAn el reglamento de abonos de la Uni\u00F3n Europea es \"material cuya funci\u00F3n principal es proporcionar elementos nutrientes a las plantas\". La acci\u00F3n consistente en aportar un abono se llama fertilizaci\u00F3n. Los abonos, junto a las enmiendas, forman parte de los productos fertilizantes. Los abonos han sido utilizados desde la antig\u00FCedad, cuando se a\u00F1ad\u00EDan al suelo, de manera emp\u00EDrica, los fosfatos de los huesos (calcinados o no), el nitr\u00F3geno de las deyecciones animales y humanas o el potasio de las cenizas. Tambi\u00E9n , los fertilizantes son compuestos o mezclas que enriquecen el suelo para que las plantas se desarrollan mejor. Proporciona nutrientes como nitr\u00F3geno f\u00F3sforo y potasio."@es . . "D\u00FCnger oder D\u00FCngemittel ist ein Sammelbegriff f\u00FCr Reinstoffe und Stoffgemische, die in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft sowie im Gartenbau und in Privatg\u00E4rten dazu benutzt werden, das N\u00E4hrstoffangebot f\u00FCr die angebauten Kulturpflanzen zu erg\u00E4nzen. Pflanzen ben\u00F6tigen f\u00FCr ihr Wachstum neben W\u00E4rme, Licht, Luft und Wasser zus\u00E4tzlich auch N\u00E4hrstoffe. Diese sind notwendig, um das Wachstum und die Entwicklung der Pflanzen zu steuern und zu unterst\u00FCtzen. Die N\u00E4hrstoffe liegen im Boden oft nicht in der optimal verwertbaren Form und Menge vor. Sie werden durch Auswaschung im Boden verlagert oder diesem durch die Ernteprodukte in betr\u00E4chtlichen Mengen entzogen. Erst die Zufuhr von Pflanzenn\u00E4hrstoffen durch die D\u00FCngung erm\u00F6glicht es, diese N\u00E4hrstoffentz\u00FCge zu ersetzen. Mit der D\u00FCngung wird die Ern\u00E4hrung der Pflanze verbessert, das Pflanzenwachstum gef\u00F6rdert, der Ertrag erh\u00F6ht, die Qualit\u00E4t der Ernteprodukte verbessert und letztlich die Bodenfruchtbarkeit erhalten und gef\u00F6rdert. Die Pflanzenn\u00E4hrstoffe werden von verschiedenen Pflanzen in unterschiedlichen Mengen ben\u00F6tigt. Deshalb unterscheidet man Makron\u00E4hrstoffe (Hauptn\u00E4hrstoffe) und Mikron\u00E4hrstoffe (Spurenn\u00E4hrstoffe). Zu den Makron\u00E4hrstoffen geh\u00F6ren Stickstoff, Kalium, Phosphor (siehe auch Phosphatd\u00FCnger), Magnesium, Schwefel und Calcium. Von diesen ben\u00F6tigen die landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen im Laufe ihrer Entwicklung je nach N\u00E4hrstoff etwa 20\u2013350 Kilogramm pro Hektar (entspricht im Hausgarten Gramm pro 10 Quadratmeter). Von den Mikron\u00E4hrstoffen sind es lediglich etwa 5\u20131000 Gramm pro Hektar. Zu dieser N\u00E4hrstoffgruppe z\u00E4hlen Bor, Chlor, Kupfer, Eisen, Mangan, Molybd\u00E4n, Nickel und Zink. Mikron\u00E4hrstoffe \u00FCbernehmen vielf\u00E4ltige Funktionen in Pflanzen, so zum Beispiel als Bestandteile von Enzymen, bei Stoffwechselreaktionen und im Hormonhaushalt. Die D\u00FCngung der Pflanze oder des Bodens soll angepasst an den Pflanzenbedarf und abgestimmt auf die N\u00E4hrstoffverh\u00E4ltnisse im Boden erfolgen. Einfl\u00FCsse auf Pflanzen wurden auch f\u00FCr folgende chemische Elemente nachgewiesen: Aluminium, Arsen, Cer, Chrom, Fluor, Gallium, Germanium, Jod, Kobalt, Lanthan, Lithium, Mangan, Natrium, Rubidium, Selen, Silizium, Titan, Vanadium und weitere."@de . . . . . . "Sterka\u0135o a\u016D fekundigilo estas naturdevena, organika a\u016D sintezita, neorganika materialo, kiu entenas kemiajn elementojn por kresko kaj produktemo de la plantoj. \u011Ci grandigas la nutrosubstancon de la grundo a\u016D replenumas la detiritajn kemiajn elementojn fare de la anta\u016Daj kultivplantoj."@eo . "Ongarri"@eu . . . . . . "37401"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "90892"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kunstmest is de benaming voor alle voedingsstoffen van niet-biologische oorsprong, die aan de bodem worden toegevoegd ter bevordering van de groei van landbouwgewassen. In de biologische landbouw wordt kunstmest niet gebruikt."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock dust for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in a variety of ways: through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment or hand-tool methods."@en . . "A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock dust for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in a variety of ways: through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment or hand-tool methods. Historically fertilization came from natural or organic sources: compost, animal manure, human manure, harvested minerals, crop rotations and byproducts of human-nature industries (i.e. fish processing waste, or bloodmeal from animal slaughter). However, starting in the 19th century, after innovations in plant nutrition, an agricultural industry developed around synthetically created fertilizers. This transition was important in transforming the global food system, allowing for larger-scale industrial agriculture with large crop yields. Nitrogen-fixing chemical processes such as the Haber process at the beginning of the 20th century, amplified by production capacity created during World War II led to a boom in using nitrogen fertilizers. In the latter half of the 20th century, increased the use of nitrogen fertilizers (800% increase between 1961 and 2019) have been a crucial component of the increased productivity of conventional food systems (more than 30% per capita) as part of the so-called \"Green Revolution\". The use of artificial and industrially-applied fertilizers has led to a number of environmental impacts, creating water pollution and Eutrophication caused by nutritional runoff, carbon and other emissions from fertilizer production and mining, and contamination and pollution of soil. Various types of sustainable agriculture practices can be implemented to reduce the environmental impact of fertilizer uses alongside other environmental impacts of agriculture."@en . "Ongarria edo ongailua substantzia organiko edo ez-organikoa da, landareentzako mantenugai asimilagarriak dituena. Ongarriak erabiltzen dira, besteak beste, lurzoruan mantenugaien edukia mantentzeko edo areagotzeko, substratuaren nutrizio-maila hobetzeko eta landareen haziera begetatiboa estimulatzeko. Ongarrien iturriak naturalak zein industrialak dira."@eu . . . . . . "\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062F"@ar . . . 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"\u80A5\u6599\uFF08\u3072\u308A\u3087\u3046\u3001\u80A5\u7CE7\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u690D\u7269\u3092\u751F\u80B2\u3055\u305B\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u6804\u990A\u5206\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4EBA\u9593\u304C\u65BD\u3059\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u571F\u58CC\u304B\u3089\u6804\u990A\u3092\u5438\u3063\u3066\u751F\u80B2\u3057\u305F\u690D\u7269\u3092\u6301\u3061\u53BB\u3063\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308B\u8FB2\u696D\u306F\u3001\u690D\u7269\u306E\u751F\u80B2\u306B\u4F34\u3044\u571F\u58CC\u304B\u3089\u6E1B\u5C11\u3059\u308B\u7A92\u7D20\u3084\u30EA\u30F3\u306A\u3069\u3092\u88DC\u7D66\u3057\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u6301\u7D9A\u56F0\u96E3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u3053\u3067\u3001\u6E1B\u5C11\u5206\u3092\u88DC\u7D66\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u7528\u3044\u308B\u306E\u304C\u80A5\u6599\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7279\u306B\u7A92\u7D20\u30FB\u30EA\u30F3\u9178\u30FB\u30AB\u30EA\u30A6\u30E0\u306F\u80A5\u6599\u306E\u4E09\u8981\u7D20\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Pupuk adalah material yang ditambahkan pada media tanam atau tanaman untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hara yang diperlukan tanaman sehingga mampu berproduksi dengan baik. Material pupuk dapat berupa bahan ataupun non-organik (mineral). Pupuk berbeda dari . Pupuk mengandung bahan baku yang diperlukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman, sementara suplemen seperti hormon tumbuhan membantu kelancaran proses metabolisme. Meskipun demikian, ke dalam pupuk, khususnya pupuk buatan, dapat ditambahkan sejumlah material suplemen. Dalam pemupukan, perlu diperhatikan kebutuhan tumbuhan tersebut, agar tumbuhan tidak mendapat terlalu banyak zat makanan. Terlalu sedikit atau terlalu banyak zat makanan dapat berbahaya bagi tumbuhan. Pupuk dapat diberikan lewat tanah ataupun disemprotkan ke daun. Salah satu jenis pupuk organik adalah kompos."@in . . . . . . . . . . "Pupuk"@in . . . . . . . . . . "\u039B\u03AF\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1"@el . . . 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"\u0423\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0432. \u0418\u0445 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0442\u0435\u043C, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044F."@ru . . . . . . "Un fertilitzant o adob, \u00E9s des de l'accepci\u00F3 agr\u00EDcola de la paraula, qualsevol subst\u00E0ncia que cont\u00E9 un o diversos elements qu\u00EDmics necessaris per a la nutrici\u00F3 dels conreus i que s'aporta als vegetals, via foliar o radicular, per incrementar la seva productivitat o qualitat. Els fertilitzants poden ser d'origen org\u00E0nic o mineral, i tamb\u00E9 combinacions d'aquests dos tipus. Els elements qu\u00EDmics que els vegetals extreuen en m\u00E9s gran quantitat del substrat, per tal de subvenir a llurs necessitats sintetitzadores, s\u00F3n els anomenats macronutrients; els principals dels quals s\u00F3n el nitrogen, el f\u00F2sfor i el potassi, i sovint s'inclou en aquest grup el calci."@ca . "Fertilizer"@en . . . 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"D\u00FCnger oder D\u00FCngemittel ist ein Sammelbegriff f\u00FCr Reinstoffe und Stoffgemische, die in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft sowie im Gartenbau und in Privatg\u00E4rten dazu benutzt werden, das N\u00E4hrstoffangebot f\u00FCr die angebauten Kulturpflanzen zu erg\u00E4nzen. Pflanzen ben\u00F6tigen f\u00FCr ihr Wachstum neben W\u00E4rme, Licht, Luft und Wasser zus\u00E4tzlich auch N\u00E4hrstoffe. Diese sind notwendig, um das Wachstum und die Entwicklung der Pflanzen zu steuern und zu unterst\u00FCtzen."@de . . . . . . . . "\uBE44\uB8CC(\u80A5\u6599, fertilizer)\uB294 \uD1A0\uC9C0\uC758 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB825\uC744 \uB192\uC5EC\uC11C \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC774 \uC798 \uC790\uB77C\uB098\uB3C4\uB85D \uBFCC\uB824 \uC8FC\uB294 \uC601\uC591 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uAC70\uB984\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD558\uACE0, \uD1A0\uC9C0\uB97C \uAE30\uB984\uC9C0\uAC8C \uD558\uACE0 \uCD08\uBAA9\uC758 \uC0DD\uC721\uC744 \uCD09\uC9C4\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC758 \uCD1D\uCE6D\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB8CC\uC758 \uC8FC\uC131\uBD84\uC740 \uC9C8\uC0B0\u00B7\uC778\uC0B0\u00B7\uC218\uC0B0\uD654 \uCE7C\uB968\u00B7\uD669\uC0B0\u00B7\uC218\uC0B0\uD654 \uCE7C\uC298\u00B7\uC218\uC0B0\uD654 \uB9C8\uADF8\uB124\uC298 \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uCC9C\uC5F0\uBE44\uB8CC\uC640 \uD654\uD559\uBE44\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD654\uD559\uBE44\uB8CC\uC758 \uC9C0\uB098\uCE5C \uB0A8\uC6A9\uC740 \uD1A0\uC9C0\uB97C \uD669\uD3D0\uD654\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB4F1 \uD658\uACBD\uC744 \uC624\uC5FC\uC2DC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC528\uB97C \uBFCC\uB9AC\uAC70\uB098 \uBAA8\uC885\uD558\uAE30 \uC804\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uB294 \uAC70\uB984\uC740 \uBC11\uAC70\uB984 \uB610\uB294 \uAE30\uBE44(\u57FA\u80A5)\uB77C \uBD80\uB978\uB2E4."@ko . . "\u80A5\u6599"@zh . . . . . . . "Nawozy \u2013 \u015Brodki u\u017Cywane w uprawie ro\u015Blin (nawo\u017Cenie) celem zwi\u0119kszenia wysoko\u015Bci i jako\u015Bci plonowania dzi\u0119ki wzbogaceniu gleby w sk\u0142adniki pokarmowe niezb\u0119dne dla ro\u015Blin i polepszeniu jej w\u0142a\u015Bciwo\u015Bci fizycznych, fizykochemicznych, chemicznych i biologicznych, pochodzenia mineralnego lub organicznego. Nawozami s\u0105 r\u00F3wnie\u017C produkty przeznaczone do zwi\u0119kszania \u017Cyzno\u015Bci staw\u00F3w rybnych."@pl . . . . . . . . "Fertilizante"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Sterka\u0135o a\u016D fekundigilo estas naturdevena, organika a\u016D sintezita, neorganika materialo, kiu entenas kemiajn elementojn por kresko kaj produktemo de la plantoj. \u011Ci grandigas la nutrosubstancon de la grundo a\u016D replenumas la detiritajn kemiajn elementojn fare de la anta\u016Daj kultivplantoj."@eo . . "\u0414\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0439 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0430\u044E \u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Leas\u00FA (talmha\u00EDocht)"@ga . . . . . "\u039C\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03CC\u03C1\u03BF \u03BB\u03AF\u03C0\u03B1\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5 \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1, \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03AE \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03AC \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03B1\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7, \u03B2\u03B5\u03BB\u03C4\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03BE\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C6\u03C5\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B9\u03C0\u03AC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B5\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03C7\u03CD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03B4\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03BB\u03B7\u03C1\u03CE\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C6\u03C5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B7\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03B5\u03CE\u03BD. \u03A4\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B9\u03C0\u03AC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BD \u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03AF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC (\u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AC\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1 (\u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03AD\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03AC\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03B1\u03BA\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2). \u0391\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C8\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03CD\u03BD\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AC\u03C1\u03C7\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03AC \u03BB\u03B9\u03C0\u03AC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B4\u03CD\u03BF \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD."@el . . . . . . . . . . "Hnojivo"@cs . "Pupuk adalah material yang ditambahkan pada media tanam atau tanaman untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hara yang diperlukan tanaman sehingga mampu berproduksi dengan baik. Material pupuk dapat berupa bahan ataupun non-organik (mineral). Pupuk berbeda dari . Pupuk mengandung bahan baku yang diperlukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman, sementara suplemen seperti hormon tumbuhan membantu kelancaran proses metabolisme. Meskipun demikian, ke dalam pupuk, khususnya pupuk buatan, dapat ditambahkan sejumlah material suplemen."@in . . . . . . . . . . "Kunstmest"@nl . . . . "Un fertilizante o abono es cualquier tipo de sustancia org\u00E1nica o inorg\u00E1nica que contiene nutrientes en formas asimilables por las plantas, para mantener o incrementar el contenido de estos elementos en el suelo, mejorar la calidad del sustrato a nivel nutricional, estimular el crecimiento vegetativo de las plantas, etc. Ejemplos naturales o ecol\u00F3gicos de abono se encuentran tanto en el cl\u00E1sico esti\u00E9rcol, mezclado con los desechos de la agricultura como el forraje, o en el guano formado por los excrementos de las aves (por ejemplo de corral, como el de la gallina)."@es . . . . "\uBE44\uB8CC"@ko . . . . . . . . "Fertilizantes ou adubos (sint\u00E9ticos ou org\u00E2nicos) s\u00E3o qualquer tipo de subst\u00E2ncia aplicada ao solo ou tecidos vegetais (geralmente as folhas) para prover um ou mais nutrientes essenciais ao crescimento das plantas. S\u00E3o aplicados na agricultura com o intuito de melhorar a produ\u00E7\u00E3o. \u00C9 comum referir-se aos fertilizantes como \"adubo sint\u00E9tico\" e, simplesmente \"adubo\", ou esterco animal para fertilizantes de origem org\u00E2nica. As plantas necessitam de diversos elementos qu\u00EDmicos: \n* Macronutrientes: \n* Carbono, hidrog\u00EAnio, oxig\u00EAnio, nitrog\u00EAnio, f\u00F3sforo, enxofre, c\u00E1lcio, magn\u00E9sio e pot\u00E1ssio; \n* Micronutrientes: \n* Boro, cobalto, cobre, ferro, mangan\u00EAs, molibd\u00EAnio e zinco. Alguns desses elementos est\u00E3o fartamente dispon\u00EDveis no meio ambiente do nosso planeta e s\u00E3o diretamente assimil\u00E1veis pelas plantas, como carbono, hidrog\u00EAnio e oxig\u00EAnio. Outros como nitrog\u00EAnio, apesar de fartamente dispon\u00EDvel na atmosfera, n\u00E3o s\u00E3o diretamente absorv\u00EDveis pelas plantas, ou o processo de absor\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E9 muito lento face \u00E0 demanda produtiva. Aos elementos necess\u00E1rios e que s\u00E3o normalmente adicionados pelos agricultores a suas planta\u00E7\u00F5es para suprir essas defici\u00EAncias e aumentar a produtividade, chamamos adubo. Podem ser aplicados atrav\u00E9s das folhas mediante pulveriza\u00E7\u00E3o manual ou mecanizada, chamada de aduba\u00E7\u00E3o foliar, via irriga\u00E7\u00E3o ou atrav\u00E9s do solo. Antes de se aplicar qualquer tipo de fertilizante ou corretivo de solo, deve-se antes fazer uma an\u00E1lise qu\u00EDmica do solo e em seguida encaminh\u00E1-la a um engenheiro agr\u00F4nomo, engenheiro florestal, t\u00E9cnico florestal ou t\u00E9cnico agr\u00EDcola, para que, dessa forma, n\u00E3o haja desperd\u00EDcios e compras desnecess\u00E1rias, ou ainda uso incorreto dos fertilizantes podendo acarretar perdas na produtividade com o uso desbalanceado dos nutrientes (o excesso de um nutriente e a falta de outro pode deixar a planta muito suscet\u00EDvel a doen\u00E7as). Os fertilizantes, n\u00E3o obstante o seu m\u00E9rito na agricultura, podem causar polui\u00E7\u00E3o de solos e cursos de \u00E1gua."@pt . . . . "Les engrais sont des substances organiques ou min\u00E9rales, souvent utilis\u00E9es en m\u00E9langes, destin\u00E9es \u00E0 apporter aux plantes des compl\u00E9ments d'\u00E9l\u00E9ments nutritifs, de fa\u00E7on \u00E0 am\u00E9liorer leur croissance, et \u00E0 augmenter le rendement et la qualit\u00E9 des cultures. L'action consistant \u00E0 apporter un engrais s'appelle la fertilisation. Les engrais font partie, avec les amendements, des produits fertilisants et plus g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement font partie des produits consommables de l'agrofourniture. La fertilisation se pratique en agriculture, horticulture, sylviculture et lors des activit\u00E9s de jardinage. Les engrais sont utilis\u00E9s depuis l'Antiquit\u00E9, o\u00F9 l'on ajoutait au sol, de fa\u00E7on empirique, les phosphates des os, calcin\u00E9s ou non, l'azote des fumures animales et humaines, le potassium des cendres."@fr . . . "Engrais"@fr . . . . "\uBE44\uB8CC(\u80A5\u6599, fertilizer)\uB294 \uD1A0\uC9C0\uC758 \uC0DD\uC0B0\uB825\uC744 \uB192\uC5EC\uC11C \uC2DD\uBB3C\uC774 \uC798 \uC790\uB77C\uB098\uB3C4\uB85D \uBFCC\uB824 \uC8FC\uB294 \uC601\uC591 \uBB3C\uC9C8\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uAC70\uB984\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD558\uACE0, \uD1A0\uC9C0\uB97C \uAE30\uB984\uC9C0\uAC8C \uD558\uACE0 \uCD08\uBAA9\uC758 \uC0DD\uC721\uC744 \uCD09\uC9C4\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC758 \uCD1D\uCE6D\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uB8CC\uC758 \uC8FC\uC131\uBD84\uC740 \uC9C8\uC0B0\u00B7\uC778\uC0B0\u00B7\uC218\uC0B0\uD654 \uCE7C\uB968\u00B7\uD669\uC0B0\u00B7\uC218\uC0B0\uD654 \uCE7C\uC298\u00B7\uC218\uC0B0\uD654 \uB9C8\uADF8\uB124\uC298 \uB4F1\uC73C\uB85C \uCC9C\uC5F0\uBE44\uB8CC\uC640 \uD654\uD559\uBE44\uB8CC\uAC00 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD654\uD559\uBE44\uB8CC\uC758 \uC9C0\uB098\uCE5C \uB0A8\uC6A9\uC740 \uD1A0\uC9C0\uB97C \uD669\uD3D0\uD654\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB4F1 \uD658\uACBD\uC744 \uC624\uC5FC\uC2DC\uD0A8\uB2E4. \uC528\uB97C \uBFCC\uB9AC\uAC70\uB098 \uBAA8\uC885\uD558\uAE30 \uC804\uC5D0 \uC8FC\uB294 \uAC70\uB984\uC740 \uBC11\uAC70\uB984 \uB610\uB294 \uAE30\uBE44(\u57FA\u80A5)\uB77C \uBD80\uB978\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . "Hnojiva jsou sm\u011Bsi, pou\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E9 pro zlep\u0161en\u00ED r\u016Fstu rostlin. Obvykle jsou aplikov\u00E1na p\u0159es p\u016Fdu (pro p\u0159\u00EDjem ko\u0159eny) nebo tzv. hnojen\u00EDm na list (pro p\u0159\u00EDjem listy). Hnojiva obvykle poskytuj\u00ED v r\u016Fzn\u00FDch pom\u011Brech t\u0159i hlavn\u00ED biogenn\u00ED prvky (dus\u00EDk, fosfor, drasl\u00EDk), sekund\u00E1rn\u00ED biogenn\u00ED prvky (v\u00E1pn\u00EDk, s\u00EDra, ho\u0159\u010D\u00EDk) a n\u011Bkdy tak\u00E9 stopov\u00E9 prvky, kter\u00E9 jsou u\u017Eite\u010Dn\u00E9 pro hnojen\u00ED: bor, chlor, mangan, \u017Eelezo, zinek, m\u011B\u010F a molybden."@cs . . "Adob"@ca . . . . "\u0414\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0439 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u044E \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0430\u044E \u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u043F\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .