. . . . . . . "\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062E\u0627\u0645 \u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644"@ar . . "Heavy crude oil"@en . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0630\u0648 \u0643\u062B\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u062B\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A (API gravity) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 22.30. \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062C\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062C\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0632\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063A\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0641\u064A\u0641\u061B \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0641\u064A\u0641 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062A\u0642\u062F\u0631 \u0625\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0627\u062D\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062D\u0648 434 \u0628\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627."@ar . "20326"^^ . . "\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0630\u0648 \u0643\u062B\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064A\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u062B\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062B\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A (API gravity) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u064A\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 22.30. \u064A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062C\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0648\u064A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064A\u062A\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062C\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064B\u060C \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0632\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063A\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0641\u064A\u0641\u061B \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u062A\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0641\u064A\u0641 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062A\u0642\u062F\u0631 \u0625\u062C\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0627\u062D\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062D\u0648 434 \u0628\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646\u0627."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2445000"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El crudo pesado o crudo extra pesado es cualquier tipo de petr\u00F3leo crudo que no fluye con facilidad. Se le denomina \"pesado\" debido a que su densidad o peso espec\u00EDfico es superior a la del petr\u00F3leo crudo ligero. El crudo pesado se ha definido como cualquier licuado de petr\u00F3leo con un \u00EDndice API inferior a 20 \u00B0,\u200B lo que significa que su densidad relativa es superior a 0,933. Este resultado del petr\u00F3leo crudo pesado es una degradaci\u00F3n por estar expuesto a las bacterias, el agua o el aire, como consecuencia, la p\u00E9rdida de sus fracciones m\u00E1s ligeras, dejando atr\u00E1s sus fracciones m\u00E1s pesadas. La producci\u00F3n, transporte y refinado del crudo pesado presenta problemas especiales en comparaci\u00F3n a la del crudo ligero. La mayor reserva de petr\u00F3leo pesado en el mundo se encuentra al norte del r\u00EDo Orinoco en Venezuela,\u200B la misma cantidad que la reservas convencionales de petr\u00F3leo de Arabia Saudita,\u200B pero se sabe que 30 o m\u00E1s pa\u00EDses tienen reservas del mismo tipo. El crudo pesado est\u00E1 estrechamente relacionado con las arenas petrol\u00EDferas, la principal diferencia es que las arenas petrol\u00EDferas en general, no fluyen en absoluto. Canad\u00E1 cuenta con grandes reservas de arenas petrol\u00EDferas, situadas al norte y al noreste de Edmonton, Alberta. Las propiedades f\u00EDsicas que distinguen a los crudos pesados de los ligeros incluyen una mayor viscosidad y densidad, as\u00ED como la composici\u00F3n de peso molecular. El petr\u00F3leo extra pesado de la regi\u00F3n del Orinoco tiene una viscosidad de m\u00E1s de 10 000 centipoise (10 Pa\u00B7s) y 10 \u00B0 en el \u00EDndice API.\u200B Por lo general, se a\u00F1ade un diluyente a distancias regulares de un oleoducto a fin de facilitar su circulaci\u00F3n. En el a\u00F1o 2011 en la Faja del Orinoco se inici\u00F3 un proyecto piloto de inyecci\u00F3n alterna de vapor con el que se mejora la viscosidad del crudo, t\u00E9cnica que ha incrementado la tasa de recuperaci\u00F3n hasta el 40 por ciento, que anteriormente era del 20 por ciento.\u200B Algunos ge\u00F3logos petr\u00F3leros categorizan el bet\u00FAn de las arenas de petr\u00F3leo como petr\u00F3leo extra pesado, aunque el bet\u00FAn no fluye en condiciones ambientales."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Petr\u00F3leo crudo pesado"@es . . "\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El crudo pesado o crudo extra pesado es cualquier tipo de petr\u00F3leo crudo que no fluye con facilidad. Se le denomina \"pesado\" debido a que su densidad o peso espec\u00EDfico es superior a la del petr\u00F3leo crudo ligero. El crudo pesado se ha definido como cualquier licuado de petr\u00F3leo con un \u00EDndice API inferior a 20 \u00B0,\u200B lo que significa que su densidad relativa es superior a 0,933. Este resultado del petr\u00F3leo crudo pesado es una degradaci\u00F3n por estar expuesto a las bacterias, el agua o el aire, como consecuencia, la p\u00E9rdida de sus fracciones m\u00E1s ligeras, dejando atr\u00E1s sus fracciones m\u00E1s pesadas."@es . . . . "1097635097"^^ . "Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly-viscous oil that cannot easily flow from production wells under normal reservoir conditions. It is referred to as \"heavy\" because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than 20\u00B0. Physical properties that differ between heavy crude oils and lighter grades include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as higher molecular weight hydrocarbon composition. In 2010, the World Energy Council defined extra heavy oil as crude oil having a gravity of less than 10\u00B0 and a reservoir viscosity of more than 10,000 centipoises. When reservoir viscosity measurements are not available, extra-heavy oil is considered by the WEC to have a lower limit of 4\u00B0 API. In other words, oil with a density greater than 1000 kg/m3 (or a specific gravity greater than 1) and a reservoir viscosity of more than 10,000 centipoises. Heavy oils and asphalt are dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). They have a low solubility and a viscosity greater than, and density higher than, water. Large spills of DNAPL will quickly penetrate the full depth of the aquifer and accumulate at the bottom."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly-viscous oil that cannot easily flow from production wells under normal reservoir conditions. It is referred to as \"heavy\" because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than 20\u00B0. Physical properties that differ between heavy crude oils and lighter grades include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as higher molecular weight hydrocarbon composition. In 2010, the World Energy Council defined extra heavy oil as crude oil having a gravity of less than 10\u00B0 and a reservoir viscosity of more than 10,000 centipoises. When reservoir viscosity measurements are not available, extra-heavy oil is considered by the WEC to have "@en . . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430 (\u0440\u043E\u0441. \u0442\u044F\u0436\u0435\u043B\u0430\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044C; \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. heavy (low-gravity, black) oil; \u043D\u0456\u043C. Schwer\u00F6l) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E (\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 885 \u043A\u0433/\u043C3 \u043F\u0440\u0438 20\u00B0C). \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0430\u0441\u0444\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435\u043D\u043E-\u0441\u043C\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0443 \u0457\u0457 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0443\u0433\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u043E\u043A\u0438\u043F\u043B\u044F\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0443\u0433\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0443, \u043A\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0430\u0437\u043E\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432 (\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044E, \u043D\u0456\u043A\u0435\u043B\u044E, \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430, \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443). \u0422\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u043F\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0412.\u043D. \u0456\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 200\u00B0C. \u0412.\u043D. \u0437\u0430\u043B\u044F\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445, \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430 (\u0440\u043E\u0441. \u0442\u044F\u0436\u0435\u043B\u0430\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044C; \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. heavy (low-gravity, black) oil; \u043D\u0456\u043C. Schwer\u00F6l) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E (\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0434 885 \u043A\u0433/\u043C3 \u043F\u0440\u0438 20\u00B0C). \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0430\u0441\u0444\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435\u043D\u043E-\u0441\u043C\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0443 \u0457\u0457 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0443\u0433\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043C \u043B\u0435\u0433\u043A\u043E\u043A\u0438\u043F\u043B\u044F\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0443\u0433\u043B\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0441\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0443, \u043A\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0430\u0437\u043E\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A\u0438 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432 (\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044E, \u043D\u0456\u043A\u0435\u043B\u044E, \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430, \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443). \u0422\u0435\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u043F\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0412.\u043D. \u0456\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 200\u00B0C. \u0412.\u043D. \u0437\u0430\u043B\u044F\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0445, \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445."@uk . . . . . . . .