. . . . . "Native Americans in the United States resided in what is now Iowa for thousands of years. The written history of Iowa begins with the proto-historic accounts of Native Americans by explorers such as Marquette and Joliet in the 1680s. Until the early 19th century Iowa was occupied exclusively by Native Americans and a few European traders, with loose political control by France and Spain. Iowa became part of the United States of America after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, but uncontested U.S. control over what is now Iowa occurred only after the War of 1812 and after a series of treaties eliminated Indian claims on the state. Beginning in the 1830s Euro-American settlements appeared in the Iowa Territory, U.S. statehood was acquired in 1846, and by 1860 almost the entire state was settled and farmed by Euro-Americans. Subsistence frontier farming was replaced by commodity farming after the construction of railroad networks in the 1850s and 1860s. Iowa contributed a disproportionate number of young men to fight in the American Civil War. Afterwards they returned to help transform Iowa into an agricultural powerhouse, supplying food to the rest of the nation. The industrialization of agriculture and the emergence of centralized commodities markets in the late 19th and 20th centuries led to a shift towards larger farms and the decline of the small family farm; this was exacerbated during the Great Depression. Industrial production became a larger part of the economy during World War II and the postwar economic boom. In the 1970s and 1980s a series of economic shocks, including the oil crisis, the 1980s farm crisis, and the Early 1980s recession led to the collapse of commodities prices, a decline in rural and state population, and rural flight. Iowa's economy rebounded in the 1990s, emerging as a modern mixed economy dominated by industry, commerce, and finance, in which agriculture is a comparatively small component."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Os nativos americanos nos Estados Unidos residiram no que hoje \u00E9 Iowa por milhares de anos. A hist\u00F3ria escrita de Iowa come\u00E7a com os relatos proto-hist\u00F3ricos dos nativos americanos por exploradores como Marquette e Joliet na d\u00E9cada de 1680. At\u00E9 o in\u00EDcio do s\u00E9culo XIX Iowa foi ocupada exclusivamente por nativos americanos e alguns comerciantes europeus, com controle pol\u00EDtico frouxo pela Fran\u00E7a e Espanha. Iowa tornou-se parte dos Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica ap\u00F3s a compra da Louisiana em 1803, mas o controle incontestado dos Estados Unidos sobre o que hoje \u00E9 Iowa ocorreu apenas ap\u00F3s a Guerra de 1812 e depois que uma s\u00E9rie de tratados eliminou as reivindica\u00E7\u00F5es indianas sobre o estado. Come\u00E7ando na d\u00E9cada de 1830, os assentamentos euro-americanos apareceram no Territ\u00F3rio de Iowa, o estado dos Estados Unidos foi adquirido em 1846 e, em 1860, quase todo o estado foi colonizado e cultivado por euro-americanos. A agricultura de fronteira de subsist\u00EAncia foi substitu\u00EDda pela agricultura de commodities ap\u00F3s a constru\u00E7\u00E3o de redes ferrovi\u00E1rias nas d\u00E9cadas de 1850 e 1860. Iowa contribuiu com um n\u00FAmero desproporcional de rapazes para lutar na Guerra Civil Americana. Depois disso, eles voltaram para ajudar a transformar Iowa em uma pot\u00EAncia agr\u00EDcola, fornecendo alimentos para o resto da na\u00E7\u00E3o. A industrializa\u00E7\u00E3o da agricultura e o surgimento de mercados de mat\u00E9rias primas centralizados no final dos s\u00E9culos XIX e XX levaram a uma mudan\u00E7a para fazendas maiores e ao decl\u00EDnio da pequena agricultura familiar; isso foi exacerbado durante a Grande Depress\u00E3o. A produ\u00E7\u00E3o industrial tornou-se uma parte maior da economia durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e o boom econ\u00F4mico do p\u00F3s-guerra. Nas d\u00E9cadas de 1970 e 1980, uma s\u00E9rie de choques econ\u00F4micos, incluindo a crise do petr\u00F3leo, a crise agr\u00EDcola dos anos 1980 e a recess\u00E3o do in\u00EDcio dos anos 1980, levou ao colapso dos pre\u00E7os das mat\u00E9rias primas, ao decl\u00EDnio da popula\u00E7\u00E3o rural e do estado e \u00E0 fuga rural. A economia de Iowa se recuperou na d\u00E9cada de 1990, emergindo como uma economia mista moderna dominada pela ind\u00FAstria, com\u00E9rcio e finan\u00E7as, na qual a agricultura \u00E9 um componente comparativamente pequeno."@pt . . . . . . . "Os nativos americanos nos Estados Unidos residiram no que hoje \u00E9 Iowa por milhares de anos. A hist\u00F3ria escrita de Iowa come\u00E7a com os relatos proto-hist\u00F3ricos dos nativos americanos por exploradores como Marquette e Joliet na d\u00E9cada de 1680. At\u00E9 o in\u00EDcio do s\u00E9culo XIX Iowa foi ocupada exclusivamente por nativos americanos e alguns comerciantes europeus, com controle pol\u00EDtico frouxo pela Fran\u00E7a e Espanha."@pt . "Native Americans in the United States resided in what is now Iowa for thousands of years. The written history of Iowa begins with the proto-historic accounts of Native Americans by explorers such as Marquette and Joliet in the 1680s. Until the early 19th century Iowa was occupied exclusively by Native Americans and a few European traders, with loose political control by France and Spain."@en . . . . . . . . "1124658805"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'Histoire de l'Iowa est marqu\u00E9e par une colonisation europ\u00E9enne \u00E0 la recherche des richesses du territoire, les gisements de plomb et les terres fertiles qui ont donn\u00E9 de grosses r\u00E9coltes de c\u00E9r\u00E9ales, au prix de combats tr\u00E8s durs contre les tribus am\u00E9rindiennes."@fr . "\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u5DDE\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\uFF08\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u3057\u3085\u3046\u306E\u308C\u304D\u3057\u3001\u82F1: History of Iowa\uFF09\u3067\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u4EBA\u304C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u5DDE\u306B\u5165\u3063\u3066\u6765\u3066\u304B\u3089\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u6982\u8AAC\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "Pueblos nativos en los Estados Unidos han habitado Iowa por miles de a\u00F1os. La historia registrada de Iowa empieza con las cuentas de los nativos por exploradores tales como Marquette y Joliet en la d\u00E9cada de 1680. Hasta los principios del siglo XIX, pueblos nativos y pocos comerciantes europeos ocupaban Iowa, con el control pol\u00EDtico laxo en las manos de Francia y Espa\u00F1a.\u200B Iowa se convirti\u00F3 en parte de los Estados Unidos de Am\u00E9rica despu\u00E9s de la Compra de Luisiana en 1803, pero los Estados Unidos solo establecieron el control indiscutible despu\u00E9s de la Guerra de 1812 y una serie de tratados que elimin\u00F3 las reclamaciones nativas sobre el territorio. En la d\u00E9cada de 1830, asentamientos americanos empezaron a aparecer en el Territorio de Iowa. Iowa se convirti\u00F3 en un estado en 1846, y para el a\u00F1o de 1860, estadounidenses se hab\u00EDan asentado en casi todo el estado. La agricultura comercial reemplaz\u00F3 la agricultura de subsistencia despu\u00E9s de la construcci\u00F3n de redes ferroviarias. Iowa contribuy\u00F3 una gran cantidad de soldados durante la Guerra de Secesi\u00F3n. Despu\u00E9s de la guerra, Iowa se convirti\u00F3 en un centro agr\u00EDcola, suministrando comida al resto del pa\u00EDs. La industrializaci\u00F3n de la agricultura y la aparici\u00F3n de mercados de bienes centralizados causaron una gira hacia granjas m\u00E1s grandes y el declive de la peque\u00F1a granja familiar; esta tendencia fue acentuada durante la Gran Depresi\u00F3n. La producci\u00F3n industrial empez\u00F3 a ser una parte importante de la econom\u00EDa de Iowa durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el auge econ\u00F3mico posguerra. En las d\u00E9cadas de 1970 y 1980, una serie de choques econ\u00F3micos, incluyendo la crisis del petr\u00F3leo, caus\u00F3 el colapso de precios de productos, un declive en la poblaci\u00F3n estatal, y un \u00E9xodo rural. La econom\u00EDa de Iowa se recuper\u00F3 en la d\u00E9cada de 1990, surgiendo como una econom\u00EDa moderna, dominada por la industria, el comercio y las finanzas, donde la agricultura es un componente relativamente peque\u00F1o."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Pueblos nativos en los Estados Unidos han habitado Iowa por miles de a\u00F1os. La historia registrada de Iowa empieza con las cuentas de los nativos por exploradores tales como Marquette y Joliet en la d\u00E9cada de 1680. Hasta los principios del siglo XIX, pueblos nativos y pocos comerciantes europeos ocupaban Iowa, con el control pol\u00EDtico laxo en las manos de Francia y Espa\u00F1a.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . "Historia de Iowa"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hist\u00F3ria de Iowa"@pt . "Histoire de l'Iowa"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "62417"^^ . . . . . "History of Iowa"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "1416246"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u5DDE\u306E\u6B74\u53F2"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u5DDE\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\uFF08\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u3057\u3085\u3046\u306E\u308C\u304D\u3057\u3001\u82F1: History of Iowa\uFF09\u3067\u306F\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u4EBA\u304C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u30A2\u30A4\u30AA\u30EF\u5DDE\u306B\u5165\u3063\u3066\u6765\u3066\u304B\u3089\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u6982\u8AAC\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "L'Histoire de l'Iowa est marqu\u00E9e par une colonisation europ\u00E9enne \u00E0 la recherche des richesses du territoire, les gisements de plomb et les terres fertiles qui ont donn\u00E9 de grosses r\u00E9coltes de c\u00E9r\u00E9ales, au prix de combats tr\u00E8s durs contre les tribus am\u00E9rindiennes."@fr . . . . . .