. . . . . . . . . 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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0625\u0645\u062F\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'histoire de l'approvisionnement en eau et de l'assainissement est celle d'un d\u00E9fi logistique pour fournir des syst\u00E8mes d'eau potable et d'assainissement depuis l'aube de la civilisation. L\u00E0 o\u00F9 les ressources en eau, les infrastructures ou les syst\u00E8mes d'assainissement \u00E9taient insuffisants, les maladies se propageaient et les gens tombaient malades ou mouraient pr\u00E9matur\u00E9ment. Les grands \u00E9tablissements humains ne pouvaient initialement se d\u00E9velopper que l\u00E0 o\u00F9 l'eau douce de surface \u00E9tait abondante, comme pr\u00E8s des rivi\u00E8res ou des sources naturelles. Tout au long de l'histoire, les gens ont con\u00E7u des syst\u00E8mes pour faciliter l'acheminement de l'eau dans leurs communaut\u00E9s et leurs foyers et l'\u00E9limination (et plus tard le traitement) des eaux us\u00E9es. L'objectif historique du traitement des eaux us\u00E9es \u00E9tait le transport des eaux us\u00E9es brutes vers une masse d'eau naturelle, par exemple une rivi\u00E8re ou un oc\u00E9an, o\u00F9 elles seraient dilu\u00E9es et dissip\u00E9es. Les premi\u00E8res habitations humaines \u00E9taient souvent construites \u00E0 c\u00F4t\u00E9 de sources d'eau. Les rivi\u00E8res servaient habituellement de forme brute d'\u00E9vacuation naturelle des eaux us\u00E9es. Au cours des mill\u00E9naires, la technologie a consid\u00E9rablement augment\u00E9 les distances sur lesquelles l'eau peut \u00EAtre d\u00E9plac\u00E9e. De plus, les proc\u00E9d\u00E9s de traitement pour purifier l'eau potable et pour traiter les eaux us\u00E9es ont \u00E9t\u00E9 am\u00E9lior\u00E9s."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'histoire de l'approvisionnement en eau et de l'assainissement est celle d'un d\u00E9fi logistique pour fournir des syst\u00E8mes d'eau potable et d'assainissement depuis l'aube de la civilisation. L\u00E0 o\u00F9 les ressources en eau, les infrastructures ou les syst\u00E8mes d'assainissement \u00E9taient insuffisants, les maladies se propageaient et les gens tombaient malades ou mouraient pr\u00E9matur\u00E9ment."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "History of water supply and sanitation"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "30411167"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Major human settlements could initially develop only where fresh surface water was plentiful, such as near rivers or natural springs. Throughout history, people have devised systems to make getting water into their communities and households and disposing of (and later also treating) wastewater more convenient. The historical focus of sewage treatment was on the conveyance of raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and dissipated. Early human habitations were often built next to water sources. Rivers would often serve as a crude form of natural sewage disposal. Over the millennia, technology has dramatically increased the distances across which water can be relocated. Furthermore, treatment processes to purify drinking water and to treat wastewater have been improved."@en . . . . . . . . "The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. The historical focus of sewage treatment was on the conveyance of raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and dissipated. Early human habitations were often built next to water sources. Rivers would often serve as a crude form of natural sewage disposal."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u064A\u064F\u0639\u062F \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0625\u0645\u062F\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062F\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062C\u0633\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064F\u0648\u0627\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062C\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0634\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062A\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u062A\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A. \u062A\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062F\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064A\u0631\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064A\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064A\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644\u064B\u0627. \u0627\u0628\u062A\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u064F\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u062A\u0648\u0635\u064A\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A (\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062C\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062D\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627)."@ar . . . . . . . . "1124578764"^^ . . . . "Histoire de l'approvisionnement en eau et assainissement"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "104549"^^ . . . . . . . . . . .