. . . . . . . "Jacksonian Democrats"@en . "\uC7AD\uC2A8 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758(\uC601\uC5B4: Jacksonian democracy)\uB294 \uBBF8\uD569\uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC564\uB4DC\uB8E8 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uACFC \uADF8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uC2E4\uCC9C\uD55C \uC815\uCE58\uC0AC\uC0C1\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC774 \uC7AC\uC784\uAE30\uAC04 \uD3BC\uCE5C \uC815\uCC45\uB4E4\uC740 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC758 \uC774\uC804 \uC2DC\uB300\uB97C \uD48D\uBBF8\uD558\uB358 \uC758 \uC2DC\uB300\uB97C \uACC4\uC2B9\uD55C \uAC83\uB4E4\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC7AD\uC2A8\uACFC \uADF8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB4E4(\uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC624\uB298\uB0A0\uC758 \uBBF8\uD569\uC911\uAD6D \uBBFC\uC8FC\uB2F9\uC758 \uC804\uC2E0\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4.)\uC740 \uC7AC\uC784\uAE30\uAC04 \uC774\uC804 \uBC0F \uC7AC\uC784\uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uB77C\uC774\uBC8C\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC874 \uD038\uC2DC \uC560\uB364\uC2A4\uC640 \uBC18 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uC774\uB04C\uB358 (\uD718\uADF8\uB2F9\uC758 \uC804\uC2E0)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC9C0\uC18D\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uACAC\uC81C\uBC1B\uC544 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC5D0 \uB300\uD574, \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB4E4\uACFC \uD718\uADF8\uB2F9 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0\uB294 \uC774\uB97C \uB17C\uC7C1\uAC70\uB9AC\uB85C \uC0BC\uC9C0 \uB9D0\uC790\uB294 \uC554\uBB35\uC801\uC778 \uD569\uC758\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD569\uC758\uB294 1828\uB144\uC758 \uC120\uAC70\uBD80\uD130 1850\uB144 \uC774\uD6C4\uC5D0 \uB178\uC608 \uBB38\uC81C\uAC00 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD070 \uC774\uC288\uAC00 \uB418\uACE0 \uB0A8\uBD81 \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uAC00 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD558\uC5EC \uBBF8 \uC815\uACC4\uAC00 \uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC7AC\uD3B8\uB420 \uB54C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC9C0\uCF1C\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . "Jacksonian Democracy"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Democracia Jacksoniana (em ingl\u00EAs: Jacksonian democracy) \u00E9 um movimento pol\u00EDtico que defende mais democracia para o homem comum, idealizado pelo ex-presidente dos Estados Unidos Andrew Jackson e seus apoiadores. A Era Jacksoniana durou das elei\u00E7\u00F5es de 1828 at\u00E9 a d\u00E9cada de 1850, quando a escravid\u00E3o se tornou o tema central da pol\u00EDtica estadunidense que acabou precipitando uma violenta guerra civil nos Estados Unidos que mudaria dramaticamente a pol\u00EDtica no pa\u00EDs. O bi\u00F3grafo de Jackson, , argumentou sobre o termo:"@pt . . . . . . . "Democratic Party"@en . . . "\u6770\u514B\u900A\u5F0F\u6C11\u4E3B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJacksonian democracy\uFF09\u662F19\u4E16\u7EAA\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u610F\u8BC6\u5F62\u6001\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8BF4\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u653F\u6CBB\u8FD0\u52A8\uFF0C\u9F13\u5439\u5927\u4F17\u6C11\u4E3B\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u603B\u7EDF\u5B89\u5FB7\u9C81\u00B7\u6770\u514B\u900A\u662F\u5176\u6838\u5FC3\u4EBA\u7269\uFF0C\u4E00\u5EA6\u98CE\u9761\u7F8E\u56FD\u3002\u6770\u514B\u900A\u53CA\u5176\u62E5\u8DB8\u5F62\u6210\u4E86\u4E00\u4E2A\u7531\u3001\u3001\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u4E49\u8005\u3001\u6C11\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u8005\u7B49\u7FA4\u4F53\u51FA\u4E8E\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0A\u7684\u8003\u91CF\u800C\u7EC4\u6210\u7684\u8054\u76DF\u3002\u7E3D\u4E4B\uFF0C\u6770\u514B\u900A\u5F0F\u6C11\u4E3B\u4F7F\u5F97\u7F8E\u570B\u653F\u6CBB\u5927\u773E\u5316\uFF0C\u7D66\u5F8C\u4E16\u5E36\u4F86\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u662F\u6C11\u4E3B\u5F9E\u555F\u8499\u6642\u4EE3\u7684\u83C1\u82F1\u638C\u63A7\uFF0C\u8F49\u5411\u4E86\u5E73\u6C11\uFF08\u96D6\u7136\u7576\u6642\u5E73\u6C11\u6307\u7684\u662F\u4E2D\u7522\u968E\u7D1A\u767D\u4EBA\u7537\u6027\uFF09\u5EE3\u6CDB\u53C3\u653F\u3002"@zh . . . "2015-08-01"^^ . . . . "\uC7AD\uC2A8 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . "InternetArchiveBot"@en . . . . "Democracia Jacksoniana"@pt . . "Democracia Jacksoniana (em ingl\u00EAs: Jacksonian democracy) \u00E9 um movimento pol\u00EDtico que defende mais democracia para o homem comum, idealizado pelo ex-presidente dos Estados Unidos Andrew Jackson e seus apoiadores. A Era Jacksoniana durou das elei\u00E7\u00F5es de 1828 at\u00E9 a d\u00E9cada de 1850, quando a escravid\u00E3o se tornou o tema central da pol\u00EDtica estadunidense que acabou precipitando uma violenta guerra civil nos Estados Unidos que mudaria dramaticamente a pol\u00EDtica no pa\u00EDs. As pol\u00EDticas de Andrew Jackson se tornaram populares logo em seguida a era denominada como \"Democracia Jeffersoniana\". Quando o Partido Democrata-Republicano dos jeffersonianos come\u00E7ou se fracionar na d\u00E9cada de 1820, os apoiadores de Jackson come\u00E7aram a formar as bases do atual Partido Democrata. Eles combateram os rivais conhecidos como Partido Adams e os Anti-Jacksonianos, sendo que estas duas fac\u00E7\u00F5es acabaram se fundindo e criando o Partido Whig. Mais amplamente, o termo \"Democracia Jacksoniana\" se popularizou durante a era do 'Sistema de Segundo Partido' (1830\u20131854) e caracterizou o esp\u00EDrito democr\u00E1tico da \u00E9poca. Pode ser contrastado com as caracter\u00EDsticas da \"democracia jeffersoniana\". A pol\u00EDtica de igualdade de Jackson mirava acabar com o que ele definia como o \"monop\u00F3lio\" do governo pelas elites. Jeffersonianos se opunham \u00E0s elites tamb\u00E9m, mas favoreciam os homens mais educados e instru\u00EDdos, enquanto os jacksonianos davam pouco aten\u00E7\u00E3o a estes, preferindo o homem comum. Os Whigs eram os herdeiros da Democracia Jeffersoniana em termos de promover escolas e faculdades. Antes mesmo da Era Jacksoniana come\u00E7ar, o direito a voto (sufr\u00E1gio) havia sido estendido para todos os cidad\u00E3os brancos adultos, algo que os jacksonianos comemoraram. Em contraste com a Era Jeffersoniana, a Democracia Jacksoniana promovia o fortalecimento da presid\u00EAncia e do poder executivo \u00E0s custas do Congresso, enquanto tamb\u00E9m tentavam aumentar a participa\u00E7\u00E3o popular no governo. Os jacksonianos exigiam elei\u00E7\u00F5es para ju\u00EDzes e reescreveram v\u00E1rias constitui\u00E7\u00F5es estaduais para refletir seus valores. No \u00E2mbito nacional, eles defendiam a expans\u00E3o territorial, justificando isso nos termos do Destino Manifesto. Havia tamb\u00E9m um consenso entre os jacksonianos e os Whigs que confrontamento a respeito da quest\u00E3o da escravid\u00E3o deveria ser evitado. A expans\u00E3o da democracia de Jackson era limitada a americanos descendentes de europeus e o direito a voto deveria ser apenas de homens brancos adultos. N\u00E3o havia muito progresso proposto para os afro-americanos (para estes, em alguns casos, houve retrocessos). O bi\u00F3grafo de Jackson, , argumentou sobre o termo: \"Estende o conceito de democracia at\u00E9 onde pode ir e ainda havia mais a se fazer .... Tem inspirado muitos eventos din\u00E2micos e dram\u00E1ticos nos s\u00E9culos XIX e XX na hist\u00F3ria americana \u2014 populismo, progressivismo, o New Deal, e os programas New Frontier e Great Society\"."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Manifest destiny"@en . . . . "United States"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Jacksonian democracy was a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions. Originating with the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson and his supporters, it became the nation's dominant political worldview for a generation. The term itself was in active use by the 1830s. This era, called the Jacksonian Era or Second Party System by historians and political scientists, lasted roughly from Jackson's 1828 election as president until slavery became the dominant issue with the passage of the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act in 1854 and the political repercussions of the American Civil War dramatically reshaped American politics. It emerged when the long-dominant Democratic-Republican Party became factionalized around the 1824 United States presidential election. Jackson's supporters began to form the modern Democratic Party. His political rivals John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay created the National Republican Party, which would afterward combine with other anti-Jackson political groups to form the Whig Party. Broadly speaking, the era was characterized by a democratic spirit. It built upon Jackson's equal political policy, subsequent to ending what he termed a monopoly of government by elites. Even before the Jacksonian era began, suffrage had been extended to a majority of white male adult citizens, a result which the Jacksonians celebrated. Jacksonian democracy also promoted the strength of the presidency and the executive branch at the expense of the United States Congress, while also seeking to broaden the public's participation in government. The Jacksonians demanded elected, not appointed, judges and rewrote many state constitutions to reflect the new values. In national terms, they favored geographical expansionism, justifying it in terms of manifest destiny. There was usually a consensus among both Jacksonians and Whigs that battles over slavery should be avoided. Jackson's expansion of democracy was largely limited to European Americans, and voting rights were extended to adult white males only. There was little or no change, and in many cases a reduction of the rights of African Americans and Native Americans during the extensive period of Jacksonian democracy, spanning from 1829 to 1860."@en . . . "1825"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "46463"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124843271"^^ . . . . "Die Jacksonian Democracy ist eine Serie von Wahlrechts- und Wirtschaftsreformen, die mit dem Amtsantritt von Andrew Jackson im Jahr 1829 ihren Anfang nahmen und von gro\u00DFer Bedeutung f\u00FCr die politische Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten sind."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jacksonian Era"@en . . . . . . "Democracia jacksoniana"@es . . . . "Jacksonian democracy"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Democracia jacksoniana (en ingl\u00E9s, Jacksonian democracy) fue una filosof\u00EDa pol\u00EDtica del siglo XIX en Estados Unidos que ampli\u00F3 el sufragio a la mayor\u00EDa de los hombres blancos mayores de 21 a\u00F1os y reestructur\u00F3 una serie de instituciones federales. Con origen en el s\u00E9ptimo presidente de Estados Unidos, Andrew Jackson, y sus partidarios, se convirti\u00F3 en la visi\u00F3n pol\u00EDtica dominante del pa\u00EDs durante una generaci\u00F3n. El t\u00E9rmino en s\u00ED ya se utilizaba en la d\u00E9cada de 1830.\u200B Esta \u00E9poca, denominada por los historiadores y polit\u00F3logos como la era jacksoniana (o segundo sistema de partidos), dur\u00F3 aproximadamente desde la elecci\u00F3n de Jackson como presidente en 1828 hasta que la esclavitud se convirti\u00F3 en el tema dominante con la aprobaci\u00F3n de la Ley Kansas-Nebraska en 1854 y las repercusiones pol\u00EDticas de la Guerra Civil estadounidense remodelaron dr\u00E1sticamente la pol\u00EDtica del pa\u00EDs. Surgi\u00F3 cuando el Partido Dem\u00F3crata-Republicano, dominante durante mucho tiempo, se dividi\u00F3 en torno a las elecciones presidenciales de 1824. Los partidarios de Jackson comenzaron a formar el moderno Partido Dem\u00F3crata. Sus rivales pol\u00EDticos, John Quincy Adams y Henry Clay, crearon el Partido Nacional-Republicano, que posteriormente se combinar\u00EDa con otros grupos pol\u00EDticos contrarios a Jackson para formar el Partido Whig. En t\u00E9rminos generales, la \u00E9poca se caracteriz\u00F3 por un esp\u00EDritu democr\u00E1tico. Se bas\u00F3 en la pol\u00EDtica de igualdad de Jackson, posterior a poner fin a lo que \u00E9l denominaba un \"monopolio\" del gobierno por parte de las \u00E9lites. Incluso antes de que comenzara la era jacksoniana, el sufragio se hab\u00EDa extendido a la mayor\u00EDa de los ciudadanos adultos varones blancos, un resultado que los jacksonianos celebraron. La democracia jacksoniana tambi\u00E9n promovi\u00F3 la fuerza de la presidencia y del poder ejecutivo a expensas del Congreso de los Estados Unidos, al tiempo que buscaba ampliar la participaci\u00F3n del p\u00FAblico en el gobierno. Los jacksonianos exig\u00EDan jueces elegidos (no nombrados) y reescribieron muchas constituciones estatales para reflejar los nuevos valores. En t\u00E9rminos nacionales, favorec\u00EDan el expansionismo geogr\u00E1fico, justific\u00E1ndolo en t\u00E9rminos de la doctrina del destino manifiesto. Por lo general, tanto los jacksonianos como los whigs estaban de acuerdo en que hab\u00EDa que evitar las batallas por la esclavitud. La expansi\u00F3n de la democracia de Jackson se limit\u00F3 en gran medida a los americanos europeos, y el derecho de voto se extendi\u00F3 s\u00F3lo a los varones blancos adultos. Hubo poco o ning\u00FAn progreso (y en muchos casos, un retroceso) para los derechos de los afroamericanos y los nativos americanos durante el extenso periodo de la Democracia Jacksoniana, que abarc\u00F3 desde 1829 hasta 1860.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064A\u0629\u061B \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062C\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u00BB."@ar . . . . . . . . "Democrazia jacksoniana"@it . . . . "Jacksonian democracy was a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions. Originating with the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson and his supporters, it became the nation's dominant political worldview for a generation. The term itself was in active use by the 1830s."@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062A \u062D\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0648\u064A\u062A \u0644\u064A\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062C\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631 21\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062F\u062A \u0647\u064A\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u062F\u0639\u064A\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0648 \u062C\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0647\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0648\u062C\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u062D\u062F \u0630\u0627\u062A\u0647 \u0642\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631."@ar . . . . "Con democrazia jacksoniana si intende la filosofia politica degli Stati Uniti d'America che domin\u00F2 la politica americana durante la presidenza di Andrew Jackson, generale eroe della guerra del 1812. La democrazia jacksoniana fu la prima vera forma di democrazia americana, poich\u00E9 prima della presidenza di Jackson, iniziata nel 1829, la vita politica americana era stata dominata dai grandi latifondisti del Profondo Sud e dai ricchi imprenditori del New England. Entro il 1856, la quasi totalit\u00E0 degli Stati aveva introdotto leggi che consentivano il suffragio universale maschile per i bianchi. La presidenza assunse anche maggiore importanza, lasciando il Presidente con pi\u00F9 poteri decisionali, a scapito del Congresso. Lo storico sostiene che la democrazia jacksoniana ampli\u00F2 la concezione americana della democrazia, ispirando futuri programmi come il New Deal, la Nuova Frontiera e la Grande societ\u00E0."@it . . . . "\u6770\u514B\u900A\u5F0F\u6C11\u4E3B\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJacksonian democracy\uFF09\u662F19\u4E16\u7EAA\u7F8E\u56FD\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u610F\u8BC6\u5F62\u6001\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8BF4\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u653F\u6CBB\u8FD0\u52A8\uFF0C\u9F13\u5439\u5927\u4F17\u6C11\u4E3B\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u603B\u7EDF\u5B89\u5FB7\u9C81\u00B7\u6770\u514B\u900A\u662F\u5176\u6838\u5FC3\u4EBA\u7269\uFF0C\u4E00\u5EA6\u98CE\u9761\u7F8E\u56FD\u3002\u6770\u514B\u900A\u53CA\u5176\u62E5\u8DB8\u5F62\u6210\u4E86\u4E00\u4E2A\u7531\u3001\u3001\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u4E49\u8005\u3001\u6C11\u65CF\u4E3B\u4E49\u8005\u7B49\u7FA4\u4F53\u51FA\u4E8E\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0A\u7684\u8003\u91CF\u800C\u7EC4\u6210\u7684\u8054\u76DF\u3002\u7E3D\u4E4B\uFF0C\u6770\u514B\u900A\u5F0F\u6C11\u4E3B\u4F7F\u5F97\u7F8E\u570B\u653F\u6CBB\u5927\u773E\u5316\uFF0C\u7D66\u5F8C\u4E16\u5E36\u4F86\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u662F\u6C11\u4E3B\u5F9E\u555F\u8499\u6642\u4EE3\u7684\u83C1\u82F1\u638C\u63A7\uFF0C\u8F49\u5411\u4E86\u5E73\u6C11\uFF08\u96D6\u7136\u7576\u6642\u5E73\u6C11\u6307\u7684\u662F\u4E2D\u7522\u968E\u7D1A\u767D\u4EBA\u7537\u6027\uFF09\u5EE3\u6CDB\u53C3\u653F\u3002"@zh . . . "\u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . . . . . . . "Laissez-faire"@en . . 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\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438. \u0412 40-\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043A \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0444\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0442\u0443 \u2014 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0435, \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441 \u043E \u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043C \u0435\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u044D\u0442\u043E\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B (\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 1830-\u0445 \u2014 1854). \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0438 \u0422. \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430, \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C. \u041E\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . "Majority rule"@en . . . "October 2022"@en . . "\u5091\u514B\u905C\u6C11\u4E3B"@zh . . . . "November 2017"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1854"^^ . . . . "Factions:"@en . "Universal white male suffrage"@en . . "Democracia jacksoniana (en ingl\u00E9s, Jacksonian democracy) fue una filosof\u00EDa pol\u00EDtica del siglo XIX en Estados Unidos que ampli\u00F3 el sufragio a la mayor\u00EDa de los hombres blancos mayores de 21 a\u00F1os y reestructur\u00F3 una serie de instituciones federales. Con origen en el s\u00E9ptimo presidente de Estados Unidos, Andrew Jackson, y sus partidarios, se convirti\u00F3 en la visi\u00F3n pol\u00EDtica dominante del pa\u00EDs durante una generaci\u00F3n. El t\u00E9rmino en s\u00ED ya se utilizaba en la d\u00E9cada de 1830.\u200B"@es . . . . . "\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0629"@ar . "Historical leaders"@en . "Strict constructionism"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Andrew Jackson"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Con democrazia jacksoniana si intende la filosofia politica degli Stati Uniti d'America che domin\u00F2 la politica americana durante la presidenza di Andrew Jackson, generale eroe della guerra del 1812. La democrazia jacksoniana fu la prima vera forma di democrazia americana, poich\u00E9 prima della presidenza di Jackson, iniziata nel 1829, la vita politica americana era stata dominata dai grandi latifondisti del Profondo Sud e dai ricchi imprenditori del New England. Entro il 1856, la quasi totalit\u00E0 degli Stati aveva introdotto leggi che consentivano il suffragio universale maschile per i bianchi. La presidenza assunse anche maggiore importanza, lasciando il Presidente con pi\u00F9 poteri decisionali, a scapito del Congresso."@it . "\uC7AD\uC2A8 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758(\uC601\uC5B4: Jacksonian democracy)\uB294 \uBBF8\uD569\uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC564\uB4DC\uB8E8 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uACFC \uADF8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uC2E4\uCC9C\uD55C \uC815\uCE58\uC0AC\uC0C1\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC774 \uC7AC\uC784\uAE30\uAC04 \uD3BC\uCE5C \uC815\uCC45\uB4E4\uC740 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC758 \uC774\uC804 \uC2DC\uB300\uB97C \uD48D\uBBF8\uD558\uB358 \uC758 \uC2DC\uB300\uB97C \uACC4\uC2B9\uD55C \uAC83\uB4E4\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC7AD\uC2A8\uACFC \uADF8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB4E4(\uC774\uB4E4\uC740 \uC624\uB298\uB0A0\uC758 \uBBF8\uD569\uC911\uAD6D \uBBFC\uC8FC\uB2F9\uC758 \uC804\uC2E0\uC774 \uB41C\uB2E4.)\uC740 \uC7AC\uC784\uAE30\uAC04 \uC774\uC804 \uBC0F \uC7AC\uC784\uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC758 \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uB77C\uC774\uBC8C\uC774\uC5C8\uB358 \uC874 \uD038\uC2DC \uC560\uB364\uC2A4\uC640 \uBC18 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uC774\uB04C\uB358 (\uD718\uADF8\uB2F9\uC758 \uC804\uC2E0)\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC9C0\uC18D\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uACAC\uC81C\uBC1B\uC544 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC758 \uC784\uAE30 \uB3D9\uC548, \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC740 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uBCC0\uD654\uB97C \uACAA\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC81C\uD37C\uC2A8 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC640 \uB2EC\uB9AC, \uC7AD\uC2A8 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758 \uD558\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC758\uD68C\uC758 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC774 \uCD95\uC18C\uB418\uACE0 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uACFC \uD589\uC815\uBD80\uC758 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC774 \uB300\uD3ED \uAC15\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC740 \uD3C9\uB4F1\uC8FC\uC758\uB97C \uAC15\uC870\uD558\uC5EC \uC774\uC640 \uAD00\uB828\uD55C \uC815\uCC45\uB4E4\uC744 \uB0B4\uB193\uC558\uB294\uB370, \uC774 \uACB0\uACFC \uC7AD\uC2A8 \uC815\uBD80 \uAE30\uAC04\uB3D9\uC548 \uC9C0\uC8FC\uC5D0\uAC8C\uB9CC \uD5C8\uB77D\uB418\uC5C8\uB358 \uC120\uAC70\uAD8C\uC774 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uBC31\uC778 \uB0A8\uC131\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD5C8\uB77D\uB418\uB294 \uB4F1 \uB300\uC911\uC758 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC774 \uD06C\uAC8C \uC2E0\uC7A5\uB418\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uC815\uBD80 \uD65C\uB3D9\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC2DC\uBBFC\uB4E4\uC758 \uCC38\uC5EC\uD3ED\uB3C4 \uB113\uC5B4\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC0AC\uBC95 \uBD84\uC57C\uC758 \uBCC0\uD654\uB3C4 \uC77C\uC5B4\uB0AC\uB294\uB370, \uC7AD\uC2A8 \uC815\uBD80\uB294 \uB9CE\uC740 \uC8FC\uB4E4\uC758 \uC8FC \uD5CC\uBC95\uC744 \uAC1C\uC815\uD558\uC5EC \uC8FC \uBC95\uAD00\uB4E4\uC758 \uC784\uAE30\uB97C \uCD95\uC18C\uD558\uACE0 \uACF5\uC120\uC81C\uB97C \uCC44\uD0DD\uD558\uB294 \uD55C\uD3B8, \uBC30\uC2EC\uC81C\uB97C \uC911\uC2DC\uD558\uACE0, \uBCC0\uD638\uC0AC\uC640\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC95\uAD00\uC758 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC744 \uC57D\uD654\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uD2B9\uD788 \uBC30\uC2EC\uC81C\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0\uC2DC\uB300 \uC774\uB798 \uC778\uBBFC\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB97C \uBCF4\uC7A5\uD55C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC5EC\uACA8 \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD574 \uADF8 \uAD8C\uD55C\uC744 \uD06C\uAC8C \uAC15\uD654\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774\uB294 13\uC2DD\uBBFC\uC9C0 \uC2DC\uB300 \uC774\uB798\uB85C \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 \uAD8C\uB825\uC744 \uC7A1\uC544\uC654\uB358 \uB3D9\uBD80\uD574\uC548\uC758 \uBA85\uAC00 \uCD9C\uC2E0\uC774 \uC544\uB2CC \uAD70\uC778 \uCD9C\uC2E0\uC778 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC774 \uBC18\uB300\uD30C-\uAE30\uB4DD\uAD8C\uCE35\uC744 \uC57D\uD654\uC2DC\uD0A4\uAE30 \uC704\uD574 \uCC38\uC815\uAD8C\uC790 \uD480\uC744 \uD655\uB300\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4\uB294 \uD574\uC11D\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uD55C\uD3B8 \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC601\uD1A0\uD655\uC7A5\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uB9CE\uC740 \uAD00\uC2EC\uC744 \uBCF4\uC600\uB294\uB370, \uC774\uB294 \u300A\uB370\uBAA8\uD06C\uB77C\uD2F1 \uB9AC\uBDF0\u300B\uC9C0(\u8A8C)\uC758 \uC8FC\uD544\uC774\uB358 \uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 '\uBA85\uBC31\uD55C \uC6B4\uBA85'\uC774\uB780 \uB3C5\uD2B9\uD55C \uB17C\uB9AC\uB85C \uC815\uC758\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC5D0 \uB300\uD574, \uC7AD\uC2A8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uB4E4\uACFC \uD718\uADF8\uB2F9 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0\uB294 \uC774\uB97C \uB17C\uC7C1\uAC70\uB9AC\uB85C \uC0BC\uC9C0 \uB9D0\uC790\uB294 \uC554\uBB35\uC801\uC778 \uD569\uC758\uAC00 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uD569\uC758\uB294 1828\uB144\uC758 \uC120\uAC70\uBD80\uD130 1850\uB144 \uC774\uD6C4\uC5D0 \uB178\uC608 \uBB38\uC81C\uAC00 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD070 \uC774\uC288\uAC00 \uB418\uACE0 \uB0A8\uBD81 \uC804\uC7C1\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uAC00 \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD558\uC5EC \uBBF8 \uC815\uACC4\uAC00 \uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC7AC\uD3B8\uB420 \uB54C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC9C0\uCF1C\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . "Die Jacksonian Democracy ist eine Serie von Wahlrechts- und Wirtschaftsreformen, die mit dem Amtsantritt von Andrew Jackson im Jahr 1829 ihren Anfang nahmen und von gro\u00DFer Bedeutung f\u00FCr die politische Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten sind. Die Jacksonian Democracy erweiterte das Wahlrecht \u2013 von ausschlie\u00DFlich Grund besitzenden M\u00E4nnern \u2013 auf alle wei\u00DFen M\u00E4nner \u00FCber 21 und beschr\u00E4nkte den Einfluss der Bundesregierung auf die Wirtschaft, w\u00E4hrend Bundesbeh\u00F6rden umstrukturiert wurden. Ein weiteres Ziel war die St\u00E4rkung der Rechte der Bundesstaaten im Vergleich zu Washington, D.C. und die territoriale Expansion der Vereinigten Staaten. Ein Motiv f\u00FCr die Reformen war die w\u00E4hrend der zunehmenden sozialen Schichtung in den 1820er und 1830er Jahre vorherrschende egalit\u00E4re Grundstimmung in den Vereinigten Staaten, die auf eine Abschaffung von Privilegien f\u00FCr die Angeh\u00F6rigen der Bundesregierung abzielte. Erste Bestrebungen in diese Richtung waren bereits unter der Pr\u00E4sidentschaft von Thomas Jefferson aufgetreten. Die wirtschaftspolitischen Inhalte der Jacksonian Democracy dienten ihren Anh\u00E4ngern dazu, raschen \u00F6konomischen Wandel abzulehnen, der ihrer Meinung nach ihr t\u00E4gliches Leben negativ beeinflusste. Vor diesem Hintergrund misstrauten sie der Macht von Banken und einer zunehmenden Verstrickung in eine Marktwirtschaft sowie einer Bundesregierung, die beide genannten Entwicklungen beg\u00FCnstigte. Dies korrespondiert mit der Feindschaft, die Jackson gegen\u00FCber der Second Bank of the United States hegte. Der Historiker Sean Wilentz nennt drei miteinander verwobene Leitlinien als Kennzeichen der Jacksonian Democracy: einen robusten, an der amerikanischen Verfassung orientierten Nationalismus, der durch Zur\u00FCckhaltung bei der Ausgabenpolitik der Bundesregierung gez\u00FCgelt wird, ein tief sitzendes Misstrauen gegen\u00FCber der Macht konzentrierten Kapitals und die absolute Priorisierung des demokratischen Volkswillens. Die Indianerpolitik der Jacksonian Democracy gr\u00FCndete in ihrer Priorisierung der Rechte der einzelnen Bundesstaaten und steht als Beispiel f\u00FCr die sch\u00E4dlichen Auswirkungen dieses politischen Programms. Zu dieser Zeit hatte sich das Bild der \u00D6ffentlichkeit von den Indianern im Vergleich zur Amtszeit von Thomas Jefferson ge\u00E4ndert; sie wurden nun nicht mehr als \u201Eedle Wilde\u201C gesehen, sondern als Barbaren, die einer Urbarmachung des Landes im Wege standen. Die S\u00FCdstaaten dr\u00E4ngten daher auf eine Vertreibung dieser V\u00F6lker in Gebiete westlich des Mississippi. Als ihnen die Bem\u00FChungen des Bundes um Vertr\u00E4ge mit den Indianern sowie der Indian Removal Act von 1830 nicht weit genug gingen, nahmen sie die Sache in die eigene Hand. Mit Druck und List brachten sie die V\u00F6lker um ihr Land. Als 1832 der Oberste Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten unter John Marshall signalisierte, dass sich Georgia widerrechtlich Land der Cherokee angeeignet hatte, tat Jackson nichts, um diesem Bundesstaat Einhalt zu gebieten. Andererseits r\u00E4umte er als Pr\u00E4sident der Union h\u00F6chsten Stellenwert ein, wie sich in der Nullifikationskrise der Jahre 1832/1833 zeigte, als er in einer Erkl\u00E4rung verdeutlichte, dass er notfalls mit Gewalt das Bundesrecht in South Carolina gegen die Nullifikationsdoktrin durchzusetzen bereit war."@de . . . . . . . . "1825"^^ . . . . "\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9"@ja . "1849"^^ . . . . . "Blue"@en . . "\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u308A\u3085\u3046\u307F\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3001\u82F1\uFF1AJacksonian democracy\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30CB\u30A2\u30F3\u30FB\u30C7\u30E2\u30AF\u30E9\u30B7\u30FC\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u30A2\u30F3\u30C9\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC\u30FB\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u3068\u305D\u306E\u652F\u6301\u8005\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u653F\u7B56\u306F\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u8DB3\u8DE1\u3092\u8FBF\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305F\u3002\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u6C11\u4E3B\u515A\u306F\u30DB\u30A4\u30C3\u30B0\u515A\u304C\u30E9\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5927\u80C6\u306B\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308C\u3070\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u54F2\u5B66\u304C\u512A\u52E2\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u7CBE\u795E\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30011824\u5E74\u304B\u30891854\u5E74\u306E\u7B2C\u4E8C\u653F\u515A\u5236\u6642\u4EE3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002\u305D\u308C\u4EE5\u524D\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u3067\u652F\u914D\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u6027\u683C\u3068\u3082\u5E38\u306B\u5BFE\u6BD4\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u6642\u4EE3\u306F\u3001\u305D\u308C\u307E\u3067\u9078\u6319\u6A29\u306F\u571F\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u306B\u9650\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3082\u306E\u304C\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308B\u6210\u4EBA\u306E\u767D\u4EBA\u7537\u6027\u5E02\u6C11\u306B\u62E1\u304C\u308A\u3001\u300C\u666E\u901A\u306E\u4EBA\u300D\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u898B\u65B9\u3068\u305D\u306E\u529B\u304C\u8457\u3057\u304F\u4E0A\u304C\u3063\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3092\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u6642\u4EE3\u3068\u6BD4\u3079\u308B\u3068\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u8B70\u4F1A\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u884C\u653F\u5E9C\u3068\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u306E\u529B\u304C\u5F37\u304F\u306A\u308A\u3001\u307E\u305F\u653F\u5E9C\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u5927\u8846\u306E\u95A2\u4E0E\u3092\u5E83\u304F\u6C42\u3081\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u652F\u6301\u8005\u306F\u8CC7\u7523\u968E\u7D1A\u3088\u308A\u3082\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308B\u767D\u4EBA\u7537\u6027\u306B\u53C2\u653F\u6A29\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4FE1\u5949\u3057\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u304C\u305D\u306E\u652F\u6301\u8005\u3092\u7BA1\u7406\u30DD\u30B9\u30C8\u306B\u5C31\u3051\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53EF\u80FD\u306B\u3059\u308B\u5F8C\u63F4\u4F1A\u5236\u5EA6\u3092\u652F\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u305D\u3046\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7279\u6A29\u968E\u7D1A\u306E\u529B\u3092\u5F31\u3081\u3001\u8CB4\u65CF\u653F\u6CBB\u306E\u64E1\u982D\u3092\u963B\u6B62\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u6307\u540D\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u9078\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u305F\u5224\u4E8B\u3092\u8981\u6C42\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u4FA1\u5024\u89B3\u3092\u53CD\u6620\u3055\u305B\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u5DDE\u61B2\u6CD5\u306E\u6539\u5B9A\u3092\u8981\u6C42\u3057\u305F\u3002\u56FD\u5168\u4F53\u3092\u898B\u308C\u3070\u3001\u30DE\u30CB\u30D5\u30A7\u30B9\u30C8\u30FB\u30C7\u30B9\u30C6\u30A3\u30CB\u30FC\uFF08\u660E\u3089\u304B\u306A\u4F7F\u547D\uFF09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u8449\u3067\u9818\u571F\u306E\u62E1\u5F35\u3092\u6B63\u5F53\u5316\u3057\u63A8\u9032\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u652F\u6301\u8005\uFF08\u6C11\u4E3B\u515A\uFF09\u3068\u30DB\u30A4\u30C3\u30B0\u515A\u306E\u9593\u3067\u306F\u3001\u5974\u96B7\u5236\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306E\u8AD6\u4E89\u3092\u907F\u3051\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6697\u9ED9\u306E\u5408\u610F\u304C\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u6642\u4EE3\u306F\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u306B\u9078\u3070\u308C\u305F1828\u5E74\u304B\u3089\u5974\u96B7\u5236\u306E\u554F\u984C\u304C\u5927\u304D\u304F\u53D6\u308A\u4E0A\u3052\u3089\u308C\u305F1850\u5E74\u4EE5\u964D\u307E\u3067\u7D9A\u3044\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304D\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306F\u5357\u5317\u6226\u4E89\u304C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u3092\u4F5C\u308A\u76F4\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7B2C\u4E09\u653F\u515A\u5236\u6642\u4EE3\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . "Jacksonian Democrats"@en . . "\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u308A\u3085\u3046\u307F\u3093\u3057\u3085\u3057\u3085\u304E\u3001\u82F1\uFF1AJacksonian democracy\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30CB\u30A2\u30F3\u30FB\u30C7\u30E2\u30AF\u30E9\u30B7\u30FC\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u30A2\u30F3\u30C9\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC\u30FB\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u3068\u305D\u306E\u652F\u6301\u8005\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u653F\u7B56\u306F\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u8DB3\u8DE1\u3092\u8FBF\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305F\u3002\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u6C11\u4E3B\u515A\u306F\u30DB\u30A4\u30C3\u30B0\u515A\u304C\u30E9\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5927\u80C6\u306B\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3059\u308C\u3070\u3001\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u54F2\u5B66\u304C\u512A\u52E2\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u7CBE\u795E\u3067\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30011824\u5E74\u304B\u30891854\u5E74\u306E\u7B2C\u4E8C\u653F\u515A\u5236\u6642\u4EE3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3002\u305D\u308C\u4EE5\u524D\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u3067\u652F\u914D\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30B8\u30A7\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u6027\u683C\u3068\u3082\u5E38\u306B\u5BFE\u6BD4\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u30B8\u30E3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u6D41\u6C11\u4E3B\u4E3B\u7FA9\u306E\u6642\u4EE3\u306F\u3001\u305D\u308C\u307E\u3067\u9078\u6319\u6A29\u306F\u571F\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u306B\u9650\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3082\u306E\u304C\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308B\u6210\u4EBA\u306E\u767D\u4EBA\u7537\u6027\u5E02\u6C11\u306B\u62E1\u304C\u308A\u3001\u300C\u666E\u901A\u306E\u4EBA\u300D\u306B\u5BFE\u3059\u308B\u898B\u65B9\u3068\u305D\u306E\u529B\u304C\u8457\u3057\u304F\u4E0A\u304C\u3063\u305F\u6642\u4EE3\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044F (Jacksonian democracy) \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u042D. \u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044B 1820-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E 1840-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u042D\u0442\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043A \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u00AB\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438\u00BB (1790\u20141820)."@ru . . . . . . . . "372347"^^ . . "yes"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .