. . . . "\u0418\u043E\u0430\u043D\u043D \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. John of Fordun, \u043B\u0430\u0442. Joannes de Fordun; \u0443\u043C. \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 1384) \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u00AB\u0425\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00BB (\u043B\u0430\u0442. Chronica gentis Scotorum) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0451\u043D \u0434\u043E XII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jean de Fordun"@fr . . . . . . . . . "Joan de Fordun (mort despr\u00E9s del 1360, vers 1384) va ser un cronista escoc\u00E8s. Es considera que va n\u00E9ixer a , avui situat a Aberdeenshire. Se sap amb certesa que era un religi\u00F3s secular, o sigui que no vivia en cap comunitat, i que va escriure les seves cr\u00F2niques durant la segona meitat del segle xiv. Es creu que era el capell\u00E0 de la catedral de Sant Macari d'Aberdeen. El treball de Joan de Fordun \u00E9s el primer que descriu una hist\u00F2ria continuada d'Esc\u00F2cia. El seu zel patriotic va sorgir arran de la supressi\u00F3 o destrucci\u00F3 de nombrosos arxius nacionals per Eduard III d'Anglaterra. Viatjar\u00E0 doncs a Anglaterra i Irlanda per a reunir la documentaci\u00F3 per als seus treballs. El conjunt de la seva obra (un total de 5 creacions), \u00E9s la .De les tres primeres obres no se'n pot verificar la veracitat ni l'historicitat. Tanmateix formen la base sobre la qual es recolzaran i pels seus propis treballs hist\u00F2rics. Per la seva banda l'historiador del segle xviii va considerar el seu contingut com a dubt\u00F3s al seu Critical Essay. Per contra, la quarta i cinquena obres contenen informacions de gran valor i s\u00F3n m\u00E9s precises en la mesura que parlen d'esdeveniments m\u00E9s propers a l'\u00E8poca de l'autor. La cinquena obra acaba amb la mort del rei David I d'Esc\u00F2cia el 1153. A part de la Chronica, publicada vers 1360, Joan de Fordun va escriure tamb\u00E9 una part d'un altre llibre i va recollir documentaci\u00F3 per a poder retrocedir m\u00E9s enrere en la hist\u00F2ria. Aquests documents, anomenats Annals, tenen com a darrera entrada un esdeveniment del 1383, i van ser represos per un successor seu del segle XV anomenat , abad d'Incholm. Els afegits de Bower formen onze llibres i arriben fins a la mort de Jaume I d'Esc\u00F2cia el 1437. El conjunt resultant de la uni\u00F3 de les obres d'ambd\u00F3s autors se'l coneix amb el nom de Scotichronicon."@ca . "John of Fordun (before 1360 \u2013 c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th century. It is probable that he was a chaplain in St Machar's Cathedral of Aberdeen. The work of Fordun is the earliest attempt to write a continuous history of Scotland. Fordun undertook this task because his patriotic zeal was roused by the removal or destruction of many national records by Edward III of England. He travelled across England and Ireland, collecting material for his history. Collectively, this work, divided into five books, is known as the Chronica Gentis Scotorum. The first three are unverified historically, which therefore casts doubt on their accuracy. Yet they also form the groundwork on which Boece and George Buchanan afterwards based some of their historical writings. Thomas Innes argued that some of the history these men presented was doubtful in his Critical Essay (i, pp. 201\u20132,4), but Innes himself had his own political agenda and his work has also been criticized by modern historians. Fordun's claim of an unbroken line of royal descent from Fergus I in 330 BC can be seen as a contribution to a Scottish national origin myth constructed to counter the legend of Brutus of Troy, which English monarchs deployed to claim sovereignty over the whole of Britain. The 4th and 5th books contain much valuable information, and become more authentic the nearer they approach the author's own time. The 5th book concludes with the death of King David I in 1153. More recent scholarship, largely by Professor Dauvit Broun of Glasgow University, suggests that the portion of what has hitherto been considered Fordun's chronicle, i.e. events after 1153, should be regarded as two separate works, neither of which can, in any meaningful sense, be attributed to Fordun himself. Therefore, the list of yearly events after the death of King David I in 1153 should be regarded as the separate works Gesta Annalia I and Gesta Annalia II. The new thinking, put forward by Professor Broun, is that John of Fordun's work is the chronicle alone. So Fordun's own work proceeds no later than the death of King David I in 1153. Therefore, Fordun cannot be regarded as the author of \u2018Gesta Annalia\u2019 and that Gesta Annalia\u2019 should be regarded as two separate works. This is because an examination of the surviving manuscripts reveals two separate texts which, for convenience are called \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 and \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019. \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 ends when in February 1285 King Alexander III despatches an embassy to France to find a new wife for him. \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019 begins with Alexander III's marriage to his new bride in October 1285. It is considered that \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 is what remains extant of a much longer work. It is considered that the author of \u2018Gesta Annalia\u2019 ended this work around February 1285. Then, at some point, a scribe copied \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 and appended it to Fordun's chronicle. As to whether that scribe may have been Fordun himself and that he appended \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 to his own chronicle \"is an open question\" according to Professor Broun. Based on these suppositions, the \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 in circulation is a copy of an original work. However, it is considered that whoever copied the original work left it largely undisturbed, i.e. did not materially alter the text as there is a consistency of writing and presentation of the history in \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019 which is not found to the same extent with \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019. \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019 is a more challenging, and it has been suggested more interesting, work. Whereas there is a consistency in the style and presentation of \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019, that is not the case in \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019. Historical texts published before this new thinking was accepted will still refer to Fordun as the author of comments relating to the period after 1153. These comments are now cited as Gesta Annalia I or II. Besides these five books, published around 1360, Fordun also wrote part of another book, and collected materials to cover the history of Scotland to a later period. These materials were used by a continuator who wrote in the middle of the 15th century, and who is identified with Walter Bower, abbot of the monastery of Inchcolm. Bower's additions form eleven books, and bring forward the narrative to the death of King James I of Scots in 1437. According to the custom of the time, the continuator did not hesitate to interpolate Fordun's portion of the work with additions of his own. The whole history thus compiled is known as the Scotichronicon. The first printed edition of Fordun's work was that of Thomas Gale in his Scriptores quindecim (vol. iii), which was published in 1691. This was followed by Thomas Hearne's (5 vol.) edition in 1722. The whole work, including Bower's continuation, was published by Walter Goodall at Edinburgh in 1759. In 1871 and 1872 Fordun's chronicle, in the original Latin and in an English translation, was edited by William F. Skene in The Historians of Scotland. The preface to this edition collects all the biographical details and gives full references to manuscripts and editions."@en . "John Fordun (\u2020 kurz nach 1363 oder um 1387) war ein schottischer Chronist, dessen Werk der Historiker Walter Bower um 1440 als \u201EScotichronicon\u201C erweiterte und fortsetzte."@de . . . . "Joan de Fordun (mort despr\u00E9s del 1360, vers 1384) va ser un cronista escoc\u00E8s. Es considera que va n\u00E9ixer a , avui situat a Aberdeenshire. Se sap amb certesa que era un religi\u00F3s secular, o sigui que no vivia en cap comunitat, i que va escriure les seves cr\u00F2niques durant la segona meitat del segle xiv. Es creu que era el capell\u00E0 de la catedral de Sant Macari d'Aberdeen."@ca . . "Giovanni di Fordun, in inglese John of Fordun , \u00E8 stato uno storico e presbitero scozzese."@it . . . . "148239"^^ . . . "1114386315"^^ . . . "Jean de Fordun (mort apr\u00E8s 1360, vers 1384), (anglais: John of Fordun), \u00E9tait un chroniqueur \u00E9cossais. Il est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement dit qu'il \u00E9tait n\u00E9 \u00E0 (en), se trouvant maintenant en Aberdeenshire. On sait avec certitude qu'il \u00E9tait un pr\u00EAtre s\u00E9culier, c'est-\u00E0-dire ne vivent pas dans une communaut\u00E9 religieuse, et qu'il composa ses chroniques dans la seconde moiti\u00E9 du XIVe si\u00E8cle; il est probable qu'il ait \u00E9t\u00E9 aum\u00F4nier \u00E0 la cath\u00E9drale d'Aberdeen."@fr . . . . . "Juan de Fordun"@es . . "Giovanni di Fordun, in inglese John of Fordun , \u00E8 stato uno storico e presbitero scozzese."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Juan de Fordun (John of Fordun en ingl\u00E9s) (\u2020 c. 1384) fue un cronista escoc\u00E9s. Est\u00E1 ampliamente aceptado que naci\u00F3 en la poblaci\u00F3n de , . Se sabe con certeza que era un sacerdote seglar, y que compuso su historia a finales del siglo XIV; probablemente fue capell\u00E1n en la catedral de Aberdeen."@es . . . "Jean de Fordun (mort apr\u00E8s 1360, vers 1384), (anglais: John of Fordun), \u00E9tait un chroniqueur \u00E9cossais. Il est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement dit qu'il \u00E9tait n\u00E9 \u00E0 (en), se trouvant maintenant en Aberdeenshire. On sait avec certitude qu'il \u00E9tait un pr\u00EAtre s\u00E9culier, c'est-\u00E0-dire ne vivent pas dans une communaut\u00E9 religieuse, et qu'il composa ses chroniques dans la seconde moiti\u00E9 du XIVe si\u00E8cle; il est probable qu'il ait \u00E9t\u00E9 aum\u00F4nier \u00E0 la cath\u00E9drale d'Aberdeen."@fr . . . . . . . "Fordun, John of"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "7647"^^ . . . "Johano de Fordun"@eo . . . . . "Jo\u00E3o de Fordun (em ingl\u00EAs: John of Fordun; Fordoun, antes de 1360 \u2014 c. 1384) foi um cronista escoc\u00EAs."@pt . . "Joan de Fordun"@ca . . . "John of Fordun"@en . . . . "Jo\u00E3o de Fordun (em ingl\u00EAs: John of Fordun; Fordoun, antes de 1360 \u2014 c. 1384) foi um cronista escoc\u00EAs."@pt . . . . "Giovanni di Fordun"@it . . "John of Fordun (before 1360 \u2013 c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th century. It is probable that he was a chaplain in St Machar's Cathedral of Aberdeen. \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019 is a more challenging, and it has been suggested more interesting, work. Whereas there is a consistency in the style and presentation of \u2018Gesta Annalia I\u2019, that is not the case in \u2018Gesta Annalia II\u2019."@en . . "John Fordun (\u2020 kurz nach 1363 oder um 1387) war ein schottischer Chronist, dessen Werk der Historiker Walter Bower um 1440 als \u201EScotichronicon\u201C erweiterte und fortsetzte."@de . . . . . . . . "10"^^ . . "Jo\u00E3o de Fordun"@pt . . "\u0418\u043E\u0430\u043D\u043D \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. John of Fordun, \u043B\u0430\u0442. Joannes de Fordun; \u0443\u043C. \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 1384) \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u00AB\u0425\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0448\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00BB (\u043B\u0430\u0442. Chronica gentis Scotorum) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0428\u043E\u0442\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0451\u043D \u0434\u043E XII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430."@ru . . . . "Juan de Fordun (John of Fordun en ingl\u00E9s) (\u2020 c. 1384) fue un cronista escoc\u00E9s. Est\u00E1 ampliamente aceptado que naci\u00F3 en la poblaci\u00F3n de , . Se sabe con certeza que era un sacerdote seglar, y que compuso su historia a finales del siglo XIV; probablemente fue capell\u00E1n en la catedral de Aberdeen. El trabajo de Fordun es el primer intento por escribir una historia completa de Escocia. El celo patri\u00F3tico de Fordun fue suscitado por la destrucci\u00F3n o eliminaci\u00F3n de muchos documentos escoceses por parte del monarca Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Juan de Fordun viaj\u00F3 por Inglaterra e Irlanda recopilando informaci\u00F3n para su cr\u00F3nica. Su trabajo se divide en cinco libros, y se le conoce como . Los tres primeros libros son en su mayor\u00EDa relatos fabulosos, y forman el trabajo preliminar sobre el que m\u00E1s tarde Hector Boece y George Buchanan basaron sus historias ficticias, que fueron expuestas por en su Critical Essay (i. pp. 201-2,4). Los libros cuarto y quinto, a pesar de continuar mezclando f\u00E1bula y realidad, contienen una gran cantidad de valiosa informaci\u00F3n, y son la cr\u00F3nica de la \u00E9poca del autor m\u00E1s cercana a la realidad. El quinto libro concluye con la muerte del rey David I de Escocia en 1153. Adem\u00E1s de estos cinco libros publicados sobre el a\u00F1o 1360, Fordun tambi\u00E9n escribi\u00F3 parte de otro libro, y recopil\u00F3 materiales para continuar su historia sobre el periodo posterior. Estos materiales fueron usados por un continuador de su trabajo, que escribi\u00F3 a mediados del siglo XV, y que ha sido identificado con , abad del . El texto a\u00F1adido por Bower forma once libros, y la narraci\u00F3n termina con la muerte del rey Jacobo I de Escocia en 1437. De acuerdo con la costumbre de la \u00E9poca, el continuador de la obra no vacil\u00F3 en mezclar su propio trabajo con el de Juan de Fordun, y la obra entera fue compilada y conocida como el Scotichronicon (Cr\u00F3nica de Escocia). La primera edici\u00F3n impresa del trabajo de Fordun fue impreso por en su (vol. iii.), que fue publicado en 1591. Este fue seguido por la edici\u00F3n de Thomas Hearne de 1722 en 5 vol\u00FAmenes. El trabajo entero, incluyendo la continuaci\u00F3n de Bower, fue publicada por en Edimburgo en 1759. En 1871 y 1872, la cr\u00F3nica de Fordun, en su versi\u00F3n original en lat\u00EDn y en la traducci\u00F3n inglesa, fue editada por William Forbes Skene en The Historians of Scotland. El prefacio a aquella edici\u00F3n recopilaba todos los detalles biogr\u00E1ficos y daba completas referencias sobre los manuscritos y el resto de ediciones."@es . . "John Fordun"@de . "\u0418\u043E\u0430\u043D\u043D \u0424\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439"@ru . . "643"^^ . . . . "Johano de Fordun (m. \u0109. 1384) estis skota kronikisto. Li estis nemona\u0125a pastro kaj ver\u015Dajne kapelano en la katedralo de Aberdeen. Lia \u0109efa verko estas Chronica gentis Scotorum (Kroniko de la skota popolo, eldonita \u0109irka\u016D 1360) kiu traktis la historion de Skotlando \u011Dis 1153. \u011Ci estis la unua kompleta historio de la lando, kvankam la enhavo eble ne tute fidindas rilate la pli fruajn epokojn. Meze de la 15-a jarcento Walter Bower verkis aldona\u0135on al la historio."@eo . "Johano de Fordun (m. \u0109. 1384) estis skota kronikisto. Li estis nemona\u0125a pastro kaj ver\u015Dajne kapelano en la katedralo de Aberdeen. Lia \u0109efa verko estas Chronica gentis Scotorum (Kroniko de la skota popolo, eldonita \u0109irka\u016D 1360) kiu traktis la historion de Skotlando \u011Dis 1153. \u011Ci estis la unua kompleta historio de la lando, kvankam la enhavo eble ne tute fidindas rilate la pli fruajn epokojn. Meze de la 15-a jarcento Walter Bower verkis aldona\u0135on al la historio."@eo .