. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2021-12-25"^^ . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence (n\u00E9 le 11 ao\u00FBt 1936 dans le Surrey et mort le 25 d\u00E9cembre 2021 \u00E0 West Haven, Connecticut) est un historien am\u00E9ricain d'origine britannique, enseignant \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 Yale aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Sp\u00E9cialiste de la Chine depuis le XVIIe si\u00E8cle, et en particulier de la dynastie Qing, il a \u00E9crit des livres qui ont connu un vif succ\u00E8s."@fr . . . . . . "Surrey, England"@en . . . "Jonathan D. Spence (cinese tradizionale: \u53F2\u666F\u8FC1; cinese semplificato: \u53F2\u666F\u9077; pinyin: Sh\u01D0 J\u01D0ngqi\u0101n; Surrey, 11 agosto 1936 \u2013 West Haven, 25 dicembre 2021) \u00E8 stato uno storico e orientalista britannico naturalizzato statunitense specializzato in storia della Cina. Autore, recensore e saggista prolifico, pubblic\u00F2 dozzine di libri riguardo alla Cina, mentre dal 1993 al 2008 fu Professore Eccellente di Storia all'Universit\u00E0 Yale."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "American"@en . . . . "816381"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonathan Spence"@fr . . . . . "\uC870\uB108\uC120 \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4"@ko . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (ur. 11 sierpnia 1936 w Surrey, zm. 25 grudnia 2021 w West Haven) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski sinolog i historyk pochodzenia brytyjskiego specjalizuj\u0105cy si\u0119 w historii Chin, zw\u0142aszcza czas\u00F3w panowania mand\u017Curskiego i najnowszej, oraz kontaktach chi\u0144sko-zachodnich, prezes ."@pl . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30CA\u30B5\u30F3\u30FB\u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9"@ja . . . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence (n\u00E9 le 11 ao\u00FBt 1936 dans le Surrey et mort le 25 d\u00E9cembre 2021 \u00E0 West Haven, Connecticut) est un historien am\u00E9ricain d'origine britannique, enseignant \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 Yale aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Sp\u00E9cialiste de la Chine depuis le XVIIe si\u00E8cle, et en particulier de la dynastie Qing, il a \u00E9crit des livres qui ont connu un vif succ\u00E8s."@fr . . . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30CA\u30B5\u30F3\u30FB\u30C0\u30FC\u30E2\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9\uFF08Jonathan Dermot Spence\u30011936\u5E748\u670811\u65E5 - 2021\u5E7412\u670825\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u51FA\u8EAB\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u53F2\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 1993\u5E74\u304B\u30892008\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u30A4\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u5927\u5B66\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u306E\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30A4\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u5927\u5B66\u3067\u306E\u4EBA\u6C17\u8B1B\u5EA7\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u3044\u3066\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u904E\u53BB\u6570\u767E\u5E74\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u6982\u89B3\u3057\u305F\u8457\u66F8\"The Search for Modern China\"\u3092\u59CB\u3081\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308C\u307E\u3067\u306B\u4E2D\u56FD\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B12\u518A\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306E\u672C\u3092\u51FA\u7248\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3001\u8A55\u8AD6\u5BB6\u3001\u30A8\u30C3\u30BB\u30A4\u30B9\u30C8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6D3B\u8E8D\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u4E3B\u306A\u95A2\u5FC3\u306F\u3001\u8FD1\u4EE3\u4E2D\u56FD\u3001\u7279\u306B\u6E05\u671D\u3068\u897F\u6D0B\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9\u306F\u3001\u4F1D\u8A18\u304B\u3089\u6587\u5316\u7684\u30FB\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u306A\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u8003\u5BDF\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u897F\u6D0B\u4EBA\u3068\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u300C\u4E2D\u56FD\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u300D\u52AA\u529B\u3068\u3001\u305D\u308C\u304C\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u632B\u6298\u3057\u305F\u304B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5171\u901A\u306E\u30C6\u30FC\u30DE\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . "\u53F2\u666F\u8FC1"@zh . . . . "\u4E54\u7EB3\u68EE\u00B7\u5FB7\u83AB\u7279\u00B7\u65AF\u5F6D\u65AF\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJonathan Dermot Spence\uFF0C1936\u5E748\u670811\u65E5\uFF0D2021\u5E7412\u670825\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6C49\u540D\u53F2\u666F\u9077\uFF0C\u751F\u65BC\u82F1\u570B\u85A9\u91CC\u90E1\uFF0C\u82F1\u88D4\u7F8E\u570B\u7C4D\u7684\u4E2D\u56FD\u6B77\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u6F22\u5B78\u5BB6\uFF0C1993\u5E74\u8D77\u62C5\u4EFB\u8036\u9C81\u5927\u5B66\u5386\u53F2\u5B66\u65AF\u7279\u6797\u6559\u5E2D\u3002 \u53F2\u666F\u9077\u4E00\u540D\u70BA\u4E2D\u570B\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u623F\u5146\u6979\u6240\u547D\uFF0C\u5176\u539F\u7FA9\u70BA\u201C\u666F\u4EF0\u53F8\u99AC\u9077\u201D\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E54\u7EB3\u68EE\u00B7\u5FB7\u83AB\u7279\u00B7\u65AF\u5F6D\u65AF\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJonathan Dermot Spence\uFF0C1936\u5E748\u670811\u65E5\uFF0D2021\u5E7412\u670825\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6C49\u540D\u53F2\u666F\u9077\uFF0C\u751F\u65BC\u82F1\u570B\u85A9\u91CC\u90E1\uFF0C\u82F1\u88D4\u7F8E\u570B\u7C4D\u7684\u4E2D\u56FD\u6B77\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u6F22\u5B78\u5BB6\uFF0C1993\u5E74\u8D77\u62C5\u4EFB\u8036\u9C81\u5927\u5B66\u5386\u53F2\u5B66\u65AF\u7279\u6797\u6559\u5E2D\u3002 \u53F2\u666F\u9077\u4E00\u540D\u70BA\u4E2D\u570B\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u623F\u5146\u6979\u6240\u547D\uFF0C\u5176\u539F\u7FA9\u70BA\u201C\u666F\u4EF0\u53F8\u99AC\u9077\u201D\u3002"@zh . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043D \u0414. \u0421\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Jonathan Dermot Spence; \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u53F2\u666F\u9077, \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u53F2\u666F\u8FC1, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C Sh\u01D0 J\u01D0ngqi\u0101n, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u0428\u0438 \u0426\u0437\u0438\u043D\u0446\u044F\u043D\u044C; 11 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1936 \u2014 25 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 2021) \u2014 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E-\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A, \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F, \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441 XVII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u0414\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438 (1965), \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u0419\u0435\u043B\u044F. \u0427\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (1992). \u041E\u0442\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D (1965), (1982), Vursell Prize."@ru . . . . . . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (11 August 1936 \u2013 25 December 2021) was an English-born American historian, sinologist, and writer who specialized in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published more than a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing dynasty, and relations between China and the West. Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese \"to change China\", and how such efforts were frustrated."@en . . . . "\u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062B\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0646\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Jonathan Spence)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062E \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A 11 \u0623\u063A\u0633\u0637\u0633 1936 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2021-12-25"^^ . . . . "West Haven, Connecticut, U.S."@en . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (11 August 1936 \u2013 25 December 2021) was an English-born American historian, sinologist, and writer who specialized in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published more than a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing dynasty, and relations between China and the West. Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese \"to change China\", and how such efforts were frustrated."@en . . . . . . . . . . "--06-03"^^ . . . . . . "24105"^^ . . "\uC870\uB108\uC120 \uB354\uBAA8\uD2B8 \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4 (Jonathan Dermot Spence, \uC911\uBB38\uBA85 \u53F2\u666F\u9077, 1936\uB144 8\uC6D4 11\uC77C ~ 2021\uB144 12\uC6D4 26\uC77C)\uB294 \uC601\uAD6D \uD0DC\uC0DD\uC758 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uC804\uBB38\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uC791\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4. 1993\uB144\uBD80\uD130 2008\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC608\uC77C\uB300\uD559\uAD50 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uACFC \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD588\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uC791\uC758 \uC791\uAC00\uC774\uC790 \uD3C9\uB860\uAC00\uC774\uC790 \uC218\uD544\uAC00\uC778 \uADF8\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C 12\uAD8C \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uCC45\uC744 \uCD9C\uD310\uD588\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uAD00\uC2EC\uC0AC\uB294 \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D, \uD2B9\uD788 \uCCAD\uB098\uB77C\uC640 \uC11C\uBC29\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uB294 \uC885\uC885 \uC804\uAE30\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uBB38\uD654 \uBC0F \uC815\uCE58 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uC870\uC0AC\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610 \uB2E4\uB978 \uACF5\uD1B5\uB41C \uC8FC\uC81C\uB294 \uC11C\uC591\uC778\uACFC \uC911\uAD6D\uC778 \uBAA8\uB450 \"\uC911\uAD6D\uC744 \uBC14\uAFB8\uB824\uB294\" \uB178\uB825\uACFC \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uB178\uB825\uC774 \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC88C\uC808\uB418\uC5C8\uB294\uC9C0\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uD559\uC790\uB85C \uB110\uB9AC \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uB294 2004-2005\uB144 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD611\uD68C \uD68C\uC7A5\uC744 \uC5ED\uC784\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uCD08\uC810\uC740 \uCCAD\uB098\uB77C\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC 20\uC138\uAE30 \uC9C0\uC2DD\uC778\uACFC \uD601\uBA85\uACFC\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC778 \uB9C8\uC624\uCA4C\uB465\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC804\uAE30\uB97C \uC4F4 \uC801\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uB294 \uC608\uC77C\uB300\uC5D0\uC11C \uD559\uBD80\uC0DD\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uAC00\uB974\uCCE4\uB2E4."@ko . "Jonathan Spence"@it . . "\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043D \u0414. \u0421\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Jonathan Dermot Spence; \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u53F2\u666F\u9077, \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u53F2\u666F\u8FC1, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C Sh\u01D0 J\u01D0ngqi\u0101n, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u043B. \u0428\u0438 \u0426\u0437\u0438\u043D\u0446\u044F\u043D\u044C; 11 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1936 \u2014 25 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 2021) \u2014 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E-\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A, \u0441\u043F\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F, \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441 XVII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430. \u0414\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438 (1965), \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u0419\u0435\u043B\u044F. \u0427\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (1992). \u041E\u0442\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D (1965), (1982), Vursell Prize. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0412\u0438\u043D\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0448\u043A\u043E\u043B \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C \u2014 \u0432 \u041A\u043B\u044D\u0440 \u041A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0436, \u041A\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0430\u043A\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u0432 \u0419\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0441 1971 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0442\u0430\u043C \u0436\u0435, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u0441 1993 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0427\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430 \u00AB\u0412 \u043F\u043E\u0438\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F\u00BB (The Search for Modern China) \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F. \u041A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u043E\u043D \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043B \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433 \u043E \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u044D\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0421\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439, \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441 \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043E\u043C. \u0421\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0431\u0438\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u043F\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0443, \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u044D\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C."@ru . . "\uC870\uB108\uC120 \uB354\uBAA8\uD2B8 \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4 (Jonathan Dermot Spence, \uC911\uBB38\uBA85 \u53F2\u666F\u9077, 1936\uB144 8\uC6D4 11\uC77C ~ 2021\uB144 12\uC6D4 26\uC77C)\uB294 \uC601\uAD6D \uD0DC\uC0DD\uC758 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uC804\uBB38\uC73C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uC0AC\uD559\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uD559\uC790\uC774\uC790 \uC791\uAC00\uC774\uB2E4. 1993\uB144\uBD80\uD130 2008\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC608\uC77C\uB300\uD559\uAD50 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD559\uACFC \uAD50\uC218\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD588\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uC791\uC758 \uC791\uAC00\uC774\uC790 \uD3C9\uB860\uAC00\uC774\uC790 \uC218\uD544\uAC00\uC778 \uADF8\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C 12\uAD8C \uC774\uC0C1\uC758 \uCC45\uC744 \uCD9C\uD310\uD588\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uAD00\uC2EC\uC0AC\uB294 \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D, \uD2B9\uD788 \uCCAD\uB098\uB77C\uC640 \uC11C\uBC29\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uB294 \uC885\uC885 \uC804\uAE30\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uBB38\uD654 \uBC0F \uC815\uCE58 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uC870\uC0AC\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB610 \uB2E4\uB978 \uACF5\uD1B5\uB41C \uC8FC\uC81C\uB294 \uC11C\uC591\uC778\uACFC \uC911\uAD6D\uC778 \uBAA8\uB450 \"\uC911\uAD6D\uC744 \uBC14\uAFB8\uB824\uB294\" \uB178\uB825\uACFC \uADF8\uB7EC\uD55C \uB178\uB825\uC774 \uC5B4\uB5BB\uAC8C \uC88C\uC808\uB418\uC5C8\uB294\uC9C0\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uD559\uC790\uB85C \uB110\uB9AC \uC54C\uB824\uC9C4 \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uB294 2004-2005\uB144 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC5ED\uC0AC\uD611\uD68C \uD68C\uC7A5\uC744 \uC5ED\uC784\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uC8FC\uC694 \uCD08\uC810\uC740 \uCCAD\uB098\uB77C\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC 20\uC138\uAE30 \uC9C0\uC2DD\uC778\uACFC \uD601\uBA85\uACFC\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC5F0\uAD6C\uC778 \uB9C8\uC624\uCA4C\uB465\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC804\uAE30\uB97C \uC4F4 \uC801\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC2A4\uD39C\uC2A4\uB294 \uC608\uC77C\uB300\uC5D0\uC11C \uD559\uBD80\uC0DD\uB4E4\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD604\uB300 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uB97C \uAC00\uB974\uCCE4\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . "\u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062B\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0646\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Jonathan Spence)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062E \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u062F \u0641\u064A 11 \u0623\u063A\u0633\u0637\u0633 1936 \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . "Sherman Cochran, Robert Oxnam< Pamela Kyle Crossley, Kenneth Pomeranz, Joanna Waley-Cohen Mark C. Elliott"@en . . . "Jonathan Spence"@de . . . . "\u30B8\u30E7\u30CA\u30B5\u30F3\u30FB\u30C0\u30FC\u30E2\u30C3\u30C8\u30FB\u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9\uFF08Jonathan Dermot Spence\u30011936\u5E748\u670811\u65E5 - 2021\u5E7412\u670825\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u51FA\u8EAB\u306E\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u53F2\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 1993\u5E74\u304B\u30892008\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u30A4\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u5927\u5B66\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u5B66\u306E\u30B9\u30BF\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002\u30A4\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u5927\u5B66\u3067\u306E\u4EBA\u6C17\u8B1B\u5EA7\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u3044\u3066\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u904E\u53BB\u6570\u767E\u5E74\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u6982\u89B3\u3057\u305F\u8457\u66F8\"The Search for Modern China\"\u3092\u59CB\u3081\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3053\u308C\u307E\u3067\u306B\u4E2D\u56FD\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B12\u518A\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306E\u672C\u3092\u51FA\u7248\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3001\u8A55\u8AD6\u5BB6\u3001\u30A8\u30C3\u30BB\u30A4\u30B9\u30C8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6D3B\u8E8D\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9\u306E\u4E3B\u306A\u95A2\u5FC3\u306F\u3001\u8FD1\u4EE3\u4E2D\u56FD\u3001\u7279\u306B\u6E05\u671D\u3068\u897F\u6D0B\u306E\u95A2\u4FC2\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B9\u30DA\u30F3\u30B9\u306F\u3001\u4F1D\u8A18\u304B\u3089\u6587\u5316\u7684\u30FB\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u306A\u6B74\u53F2\u3092\u8003\u5BDF\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u897F\u6D0B\u4EBA\u3068\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u306B\u3088\u308B\u300C\u4E2D\u56FD\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308B\u300D\u52AA\u529B\u3068\u3001\u305D\u308C\u304C\u3069\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u632B\u6298\u3057\u305F\u304B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5171\u901A\u306E\u30C6\u30FC\u30DE\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1936-08-11"^^ . . . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence (* 11. August 1936 in Surrey in England; \u2020 25. Dezember 2021 in Westhaven, Connecticut, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein US-amerikanischer Sinologe und Professor f\u00FCr Geschichte an der Yale University. Er galt als Spezialist f\u00FCr die neuere chinesische Geschichte vom 1. Opiumkrieg bis in die Gegenwart."@de . "1116214109"^^ . . "Fang Chao-ying"@en . . "Jonathan Spence"@pl . . "Jonathan Spence"@en . . . "1936-08-11"^^ . . . "\u062C\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062B\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064A\u0646\u0633"@ar . . . . . "Jonathan D. Spence (cinese tradizionale: \u53F2\u666F\u8FC1; cinese semplificato: \u53F2\u666F\u9077; pinyin: Sh\u01D0 J\u01D0ngqi\u0101n; Surrey, 11 agosto 1936 \u2013 West Haven, 25 dicembre 2021) \u00E8 stato uno storico e orientalista britannico naturalizzato statunitense specializzato in storia della Cina. Autore, recensore e saggista prolifico, pubblic\u00F2 dozzine di libri riguardo alla Cina, mentre dal 1993 al 2008 fu Professore Eccellente di Storia all'Universit\u00E0 Yale. Gli ambiti di studio e di interesse di Spence furono la Cina moderna, a partire in particolare dall'epoca della dinastia Qing, e le relazioni tra la Cina e l'occidente. Un altro tema preso spesso in considerazione dall'autore riguarda i tentativi, sia dell'Occidente che dei cinesi stessi, di \"cambiare la Cina\"."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u043F\u0435\u043D\u0441, \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043D"@ru . . . . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (ur. 11 sierpnia 1936 w Surrey, zm. 25 grudnia 2021 w West Haven) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski sinolog i historyk pochodzenia brytyjskiego specjalizuj\u0105cy si\u0119 w historii Chin, zw\u0142aszcza czas\u00F3w panowania mand\u017Curskiego i najnowszej, oraz kontaktach chi\u0144sko-zachodnich, prezes ."@pl . . . . . . . . . "Yale University"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jonathan Dermot Spence (* 11. August 1936 in Surrey in England; \u2020 25. Dezember 2021 in Westhaven, Connecticut, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein US-amerikanischer Sinologe und Professor f\u00FCr Geschichte an der Yale University. Er galt als Spezialist f\u00FCr die neuere chinesische Geschichte vom 1. Opiumkrieg bis in die Gegenwart."@de . .