. . "width:"@en . . . . "Kastner\u016Fv vlak"@cs . . "Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee"@en . . "Train Kastner"@fr . . "Departure"@en . "Treno di Kastner"@it . . . . "Jako Kastner\u016Fv vlak se ozna\u010Duje vlakov\u00E1 souprava sest\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED ze 35 n\u00E1kladn\u00EDch voz\u016F, kter\u00E1 30. \u010Dervna 1944 opustila Budape\u0161\u0165 s t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 1700 \u017Didy a bezpe\u010Dn\u011B je odvezla do \u0160v\u00FDcarska. Vlak byl pojmenov\u00E1n po dr. Rudolfu Kastnerovi, ma\u010Farsko-\u017Eidovsk\u00E9m pr\u00E1vn\u00EDkovi a novin\u00E1\u0159i, kter\u00FD v zastoupen\u00ED Pomocn\u00E9ho a z\u00E1chrann\u00E9ho v\u00FDboru vyjedn\u00E1val s Adolfem Eichmannem o propu\u0161t\u011Bn\u00ED alespo\u0148 \u010D\u00E1sti ma\u010Farsk\u00FDch \u017Did\u016F v\u00FDm\u011Bnou za zlato, diamanty a pen\u00EDze."@cs . . . . "Kastner train"@en . . . . . . . . "Kastner train"@en . "Arrival"@en . . . . . . . . . "1380.0"^^ . . . . "The Kastner train consisted of 35 cattle wagons that left Budapest on 30 June 1944, during the German occupation of Hungary, carrying over 1,600 Jews temporarily to Bergen-Belsen and safety in Switzerland after large ransom paid by Swiss Orthodox Jew , Recha Sternbuch's husband. The train was named after Rudolf Kastner (aka Kasztner), a Hungarian-Jewish lawyer and journalist, who was a founding member of the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee, a group that smuggled Jews out of occupied Europe during the Holocaust. Kastner negotiated with Adolf Eichmann, the German SS officer in charge of deporting Hungary's Jews to Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland, to allow over 1,600 Jews to escape in exchange for gold, diamonds, and cash."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "background-color: #99BADD"@en . . "2924983"^^ . . . "Le train Kastner est un convoi ferroviaire de 35 wagons \u00E0 bestiaux qui, le 30 juin 1944, quitte Budapest, alors sous occupation nazie, et transporte plus de 1 600 personnes juives d'abord \u00E0 Bergen-Belsen puis en Suisse, en \u00E9change d'une \u00E9norme ran\u00E7on vers\u00E9e par Yitzchak Sternbuch, conjoint de Recha Sternbuch. Le train porte le nom de Rudolf Kastner (ou Kasztner), avocat et journaliste hongrois qui fait partie des fondateurs du Comit\u00E9 d'aide et de sauvetage, groupe bas\u00E9 \u00E0 Budapest qui transportait discr\u00E8tement des personnes juives hors d'Europe pendant la Shoah. Kastner a n\u00E9goci\u00E9 avec Adolf Eichmann, officier SS allemand responsable de la d\u00E9portation des juifs de Hongrie vers Auschwitz en Pologne occup\u00E9e, pour obtenir la lib\u00E9ration de quelque 1 600 personnes juives moyennant de l'or, des di"@fr . . . . . . "Budapest, Hungary"@en . . "33.0"^^ . . . . . "Kastner train passengers on their way to Switzerland\n----"@en . . "--07-09"^^ . . "Il treno di Kastner \u00E8 il nome dato ad un trasporto speciale di 1684 ebrei ungheresi, ai quali nel 1944, durante l'Olocausto, le autorit\u00E0 naziste consentirono di lasciare Budapest e di rifugiarsi in Svizzera, passando per il campo di concentramento di Bergen-Belsen. L'operazione fu il risultato di un accordo tra Adolf Eichmann e Rudolf Kasztner, rappresentante del Comitato per l\u2019Aiuto ed il Soccorso degli ebrei ungheresi, in cambio del pagamento di una cospicua somma di denaro."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Il treno di Kastner \u00E8 il nome dato ad un trasporto speciale di 1684 ebrei ungheresi, ai quali nel 1944, durante l'Olocausto, le autorit\u00E0 naziste consentirono di lasciare Budapest e di rifugiarsi in Svizzera, passando per il campo di concentramento di Bergen-Belsen. L'operazione fu il risultato di un accordo tra Adolf Eichmann e Rudolf Kasztner, rappresentante del Comitato per l\u2019Aiuto ed il Soccorso degli ebrei ungheresi, in cambio del pagamento di una cospicua somma di denaro."@it . . . "1670"^^ . "24244"^^ . . . . . "background-color:#99BADD"@en . . . . . . . "background-color: #99BADD"@en . . . . "Le train Kastner est un convoi ferroviaire de 35 wagons \u00E0 bestiaux qui, le 30 juin 1944, quitte Budapest, alors sous occupation nazie, et transporte plus de 1 600 personnes juives d'abord \u00E0 Bergen-Belsen puis en Suisse, en \u00E9change d'une \u00E9norme ran\u00E7on vers\u00E9e par Yitzchak Sternbuch, conjoint de Recha Sternbuch. Le train porte le nom de Rudolf Kastner (ou Kasztner), avocat et journaliste hongrois qui fait partie des fondateurs du Comit\u00E9 d'aide et de sauvetage, groupe bas\u00E9 \u00E0 Budapest qui transportait discr\u00E8tement des personnes juives hors d'Europe pendant la Shoah. Kastner a n\u00E9goci\u00E9 avec Adolf Eichmann, officier SS allemand responsable de la d\u00E9portation des juifs de Hongrie vers Auschwitz en Pologne occup\u00E9e, pour obtenir la lib\u00E9ration de quelque 1 600 personnes juives moyennant de l'or, des diamants et de l'argent liquide. Le convoi est organis\u00E9 alors que les d\u00E9portations, en mai et juin 1944, conduisent 437 000 Hongrois juifs vers Auschwitz ; les trois quarts d'entre eux sont ex\u00E9cut\u00E9s. Les passagers sont issus de milieux sociaux divers et comptent 273 enfants, dont de nombreux orphelins. Les 150 passagers les plus riches du convoi ont pay\u00E9 1 500$ chacun pour financer leur \u00E9vacuation, \u00E0 la fois pour eux-m\u00EAmes et pour les autres (soit l'\u00E9quivalent de 22 000$ en 2020). Apr\u00E8s un voyage de plusieurs semaines, o\u00F9 le train est d\u00E9tourn\u00E9 vers Bergen-Belsen en Allemagne, 1 670 passagers survivants parviennent en Suisse en ao\u00FBt et d\u00E9cembre 1944."@fr . . . "The Kastner train consisted of 35 cattle wagons that left Budapest on 30 June 1944, during the German occupation of Hungary, carrying over 1,600 Jews temporarily to Bergen-Belsen and safety in Switzerland after large ransom paid by Swiss Orthodox Jew , Recha Sternbuch's husband. The train was named after Rudolf Kastner (aka Kasztner), a Hungarian-Jewish lawyer and journalist, who was a founding member of the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee, a group that smuggled Jews out of occupied Europe during the Holocaust. Kastner negotiated with Adolf Eichmann, the German SS officer in charge of deporting Hungary's Jews to Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland, to allow over 1,600 Jews to escape in exchange for gold, diamonds, and cash. The train was organized during the deportations to Auschwitz in May\u2013July 1944 of 437,000 Hungarian Jews, three-quarters of whom were sent to the gas chambers. Its passengers were chosen from a wide range of social classes, and included around 273 children, many of them orphaned. The wealthiest 150 passengers paid $1,500 (equivalent to $23,000 in 2021) each to cover their own and the others' escape. After a journey of several weeks, including a diversion to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, 1,670 surviving passengers reached Switzerland in August and December 1944. Kastner emigrated to Israel in 1947. He was a spokesman for the Minister of Trade and Industry when his negotiations with Eichmann became the subject of controversy. Kastner had been told in April or May 1944 of the mass murder that was taking place inside Auschwitz. Allegations spread after the war that he had done nothing to warn the wider community, but had focused instead on trying to save a smaller number. The inclusion on the train of his family, as well as 388 people from the ghetto in his home town of Kolozsv\u00E1r, reinforced the view of his critics that his actions had been self-serving. The allegations culminated in Kastner being accused in a newsletter of having been a Nazi collaborator. The government sued for libel on his behalf, and the defendant's lawyer turned the trial into an indictment of the Mapai (Labour) leadership and its alleged failure to help Europe's Jews. The judge found against the government, ruling that Kastner had \"sold his soul to the devil\" by negotiating with Eichmann and selecting some Jews to be saved, while failing to alert others. Kastner was assassinated in Tel Aviv in March 1957. Nine months later, the Supreme Court of Israel overturned most of the lower court's ruling, stating in a 4\u20131 decision that the judge had \"erred seriously\"."@en . . . . . . . . "Key people"@en . "Location"@en . . "Diversion"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "1097569123"^^ . . . . "270"^^ . "Jako Kastner\u016Fv vlak se ozna\u010Duje vlakov\u00E1 souprava sest\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED ze 35 n\u00E1kladn\u00EDch voz\u016F, kter\u00E1 30. \u010Dervna 1944 opustila Budape\u0161\u0165 s t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 1700 \u017Didy a bezpe\u010Dn\u011B je odvezla do \u0160v\u00FDcarska. Vlak byl pojmenov\u00E1n po dr. Rudolfu Kastnerovi, ma\u010Farsko-\u017Eidovsk\u00E9m pr\u00E1vn\u00EDkovi a novin\u00E1\u0159i, kter\u00FD v zastoupen\u00ED Pomocn\u00E9ho a z\u00E1chrann\u00E9ho v\u00FDboru vyjedn\u00E1val s Adolfem Eichmannem o propu\u0161t\u011Bn\u00ED alespo\u0148 \u010D\u00E1sti ma\u010Farsk\u00FDch \u017Did\u016F v\u00FDm\u011Bnou za zlato, diamanty a pen\u00EDze. Samotn\u00FDm Kastnerem byl vlak p\u0159irovn\u00E1v\u00E1n k Noemov\u011B ar\u0161e. Byl organizov\u00E1n mezi kv\u011Btnem a \u010Dervencem 1944, tedy v dob\u011B, kdy prob\u00EDhaly deportace 437 tis\u00EDc ma\u010Farsk\u00FDch \u017Did\u016F do vyhlazovac\u00EDho t\u00E1bora Auschwitz-Birkenau, kde t\u0159i \u010Dtvrtiny z nich zahynuly v plynov\u00FDch komor\u00E1ch. Lid\u00E9 do vlaku za\u0159azen\u00ED poch\u00E1zeli z \u0161irok\u00E9ho spektra spole\u010Densk\u00FDch t\u0159\u00EDd a bylo mezi nimi zhruba 273 d\u011Bt\u00ED, z nich\u017E \u0159ada byli sirotci. Ze sto pades\u00E1ti bohat\u0161\u00EDch pasa\u017E\u00E9r\u016F ka\u017Ed\u00FD zaplatil tis\u00EDc dolar\u016F, d\u00EDky \u010Demu\u017E m\u011Bli ostatn\u00ED m\u00EDsto zdarma. Po n\u011Bkolika t\u00FDdnech cesty, v\u010Detn\u011B neo\u010Dek\u00E1van\u00E9ho zastaven\u00ED v n\u011Bmeck\u00E9m koncentra\u010Dn\u00EDm t\u00E1bo\u0159e Bergen-Belsen, dorazilo do \u0160v\u00FDcarska ve dvou skupin\u00E1ch 1670 \u017Did\u016F. Prvn\u00ED skupina dorazila v srpnu, druh\u00E1 pak v prosinci 1944. Po v\u00E1lce Kastner v roce 1947 p\u0159es\u00EDdlil do britsk\u00E9 mand\u00E1tn\u00ED Palestiny a po vzniku Izraele se stal mluv\u010D\u00EDm na ministerstvu obchodu a pr\u016Fmyslu. Jeho minulost, zejm\u00E9na pak jedn\u00E1n\u00ED s Eichmannem, v\u0161ak p\u016Fsobila kontroverze. Kritizov\u00E1n byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm za to, \u017Ee v\u011Bd\u011Bl o masov\u00E9m vyvra\u017E\u010Fov\u00E1n\u00ED ve vyhlazovac\u00EDm t\u00E1bo\u0159e Auschwitz-Birkenau, nebo\u0165 obdr\u017Eel kopii , kter\u00E1 byla sv\u011Bdectv\u00EDm dvou v\u011Bz\u0148\u016F, kter\u00FDm se poda\u0159ilo z t\u00E1bora uprchnout. Neud\u011Blal v\u0161ak nic, \u010D\u00EDm by varoval \u0161ir\u0161\u00ED \u017Eidovskou komunitu a nam\u00EDsto toho se zam\u011B\u0159il na jedn\u00E1n\u00ED, jeho\u017E v\u00FDsledkem byla z\u00E1chrana mal\u00E9ho po\u010Dtu \u017Did\u016F. Jeho kritiky nav\u00EDc v domn\u011Bn\u00ED, \u017Ee byla cel\u00E1 z\u00E1chrann\u00E1 operace podniknuta z prosp\u011Bch\u00E1\u0159sk\u00FDch d\u016Fvod\u016F, utvrdila informace, \u017Ee do vlaku za\u0159adil svou rodinu a 388 lid\u00ED z ghetta ve sv\u00E9m rodn\u00E9m m\u011Bst\u011B Kolozsv\u00E1r. Na Kastnerovu obranu vystoupil izraelsk\u00FD historik Jehuda Bauer, kter\u00FD n\u00E1zory kritik\u016F vyvracel tvrzen\u00EDm, \u017Ee ma\u010Far\u0161t\u00ED \u017Did\u00E9 ji\u017E v\u011Bd\u011Bli o vyvra\u017E\u010Fov\u00E1n\u00ED \u017Did\u016F v Polsku, a \u017Ee tak Kastner nemohl podniknout nic dal\u0161\u00EDho, aby ostatn\u00ED varoval. Rovn\u011B\u017E podotkl, \u017Ee t\u011B\u017Eko lze o\u010Dek\u00E1vat, \u017Ee by Kastner na seznam pasa\u017E\u00E9r\u016F neza\u0159adil svoji rodinu. Obvin\u011Bn\u00ED vyvrcholila v soudn\u00EDm sporu zn\u00E1m\u00E9m jako Kastner\u016Fv proces, v n\u011Bm\u017E byl amat\u00E9rsk\u00FD novin\u00E1\u0159 Malki'el Gruenwald obvin\u011Bn z ur\u00E1\u017Eky na cti za to, \u017Ee Kastnera obvinil mimo jin\u00E9 z kolaborace s nacisty. Proces trval od ledna 1954 do \u010Dervna 1955 a Gruenwaldovu pr\u00E1vn\u00EDmu z\u00E1stupci \u0160mu'elu Tamirovi se jej poda\u0159ilo obr\u00E1tit proti Kastnerovi (proto Kastner\u016Fv proces) a veden\u00ED vl\u00E1dnouc\u00ED strany Mapaj, kter\u00E1 \u00FAdajn\u011B selhala p\u0159i z\u00E1chran\u011B evropsk\u00FDch \u017Did\u016F. P\u0159edsedaj\u00EDc\u00ED soudce Binjamin Halevy nakonec ve sv\u00E9m rozhodnut\u00ED uvedl, \u017Ee Kastner \u201Ezaprodal du\u0161i \u010F\u00E1blu\u201C nejenom jedn\u00E1n\u00EDm s Eichmannem, ale i v\u00FDb\u011Brem \u017Did\u016F, kte\u0159\u00ED m\u011Bli b\u00FDt zachr\u00E1n\u011Bni, ani\u017E by jakkoli varoval ostatn\u00ED. Po vynesen\u00ED rozsudku bylo Kastnerovi opakovan\u011B vyhro\u017Eov\u00E1no smrt\u00ED a nakonec na n\u011Bj byl 3. b\u0159ezna 1957 v Tel Avivu sp\u00E1ch\u00E1n atent\u00E1t, p\u0159i n\u011Bm\u017E byl post\u0159elen. Zem\u0159el o dvan\u00E1ct dn\u00ED pozd\u011Bji na n\u00E1sledky zran\u011Bn\u00ED. V lednu 1958, dev\u011Bt m\u011Bs\u00EDc\u016F po Kastnerov\u011B smrti, izraelsk\u00FD Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED soud zru\u0161il rozhodnut\u00ED soudu ni\u017E\u0161\u00ED instance, a o\u010Distil tak jeho jm\u00E9no."@cs . . . . .