. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF (\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: kinetoscope) \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B7\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03CD\u03B3\u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B7\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2. \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03C4\u03CD\u03C7\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7 \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u0388\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD, \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C3\u03CD\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03C8\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5. \u0397 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03CD\u03B1\u03B6\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03BC \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD 35 \u03C7\u03B9\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD. \u0397 \u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B3\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03AD\u03B8\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 . \u0397 \u03B1\u03BD\u03AC\u03C0\u03C4\u03C5\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B2\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C8\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2. \u03A0\u03B9\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03BD \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF, \u03BF \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u0388\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03CD\u03C1\u03C9\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B4\u03AF\u03C0\u03BB\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 \u0397\u03A0\u0391 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C7\u03B5\u03AF\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C7\u03C5\u03C1\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03B8\u03BD\u03CE\u03C2, \u03B3\u03B5\u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AD\u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03C8\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03AD\u03C1\u03C9 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2, \u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03BF\u03CE\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03C1\u03CC\u03C0\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C4\u03B1\u03C7\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03B5\u03BE\u03AD\u03BB\u03B9\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C5. \u0397 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CE\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03CC\u03C4\u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AD\u03BB\u03B1\u03B2\u03B5 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B1 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 20 \u039C\u03B1\u0390\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1891, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 9 \u039C\u03B1\u0390\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1893 \u03AD\u03B3\u03B9\u03BD\u03B5 \u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B7 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03BA\u03BB\u03B7\u03C1\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B7 \u03C0\u03BB\u03AD\u03BF\u03BD \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7, \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF \u0399\u03BD\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03C4\u03BF \u03A4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03CE\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0395\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u039C\u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BA\u03BB\u03B9\u03BD."@el . . . . . . . . "Kin\u00E9toscope"@fr . "The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device, designed for films to be viewed by one person at a time through a peephole viewer window. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but it introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video: it created the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. First described in conceptual terms by U.S. inventor Thomas Edison in 1888, it was largely developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892. Dickson and his team at the Edison lab in New Jersey also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, "@en . . "\uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504"@ko . "Kinetoskop"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504(\uC601\uC5B4: Kinetoscope)\uB294 \uC5D0\uB514\uC2A8\uC774 1889\uB144\uC5D0 \uCC3D\uC548\uD55C \uCD08\uAE30 \uC601\uD654 \uC601\uC0AC \uC7A5\uCE58\uC774\uB2E4. \uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504\uB294 \uD55C\uBC88\uC5D0 \uD55C \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774 \uC7A5\uCE58 \uC0C1\uBD80\uC758 \uC791\uC740 \uCC3D\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uB4E4\uC5EC\uB2E4\uBCF4\uB294 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C \uC124\uACC4\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504\uB294 \uC601\uC0AC\uAE30\uB294 \uC544\uB2C8\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uAD00\uC6D0\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uACE0\uC18D \uD544\uB984 \uC154\uD130 \uC774\uBBF8\uC9C0\uB97C \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uC5EC \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uB294 \uC0C1\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC90C\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uBE44\uB514\uC624\uAC00 \uCD9C\uD604\uD558\uAE30 \uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC601\uD654\uC801 \uC601\uC0AC\uAE30\uC758 \uD45C\uC900\uC774 \uB418\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uC811\uADFC\uBC29\uBC95\uC744 \uC81C\uC2DC\uD588\uB2E4. \uBCF4\uD1B5 20~30\uCD08 \uC815\uB3C4\uB85C \uD0A4\uC2A4, \uAD8C\uD22C \uC7A5\uBA74, \uC2A4\uD2B8\uB9BD\uC1FC \uAC19\uC740 \uC790\uADF9\uC801\uC778 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC744 \uB2F4\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "El quinetoscopi (del grec \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF: moviment i \u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AD\u03C9: observar) fou el precursor del projector de pel\u00B7l\u00EDcules modern desenvolupat per William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, mentre treballava amb Thomas Edison. L'invent consistia en una caixa de fusta amb un orifici on hi havia una lent. A l'interior s'hi trobava una bombeta i el rotlle de la pel\u00B7l\u00EDcula. La funci\u00F3 principal de l'aparell era reproduir imatges en moviment, les quals es visionaven a trav\u00E9s d'una pantalla d'augment, pr\u00E8viament dipositant una moneda i de forma individual. Finalment, fou patentat per Edison l'any 1891."@ca . "\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7"@ja . . "\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u064A\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062A\u0647. \u0635\u0627\u062D\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062F\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0648\u062C\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1891\u0645."@ar . . . . . . "\u041A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Kinetoscope) (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u00AB\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0446\u0435\u00BB - \u0440\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u00AB\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043E\u00BB - \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F) - \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F \u043A\u0456\u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 1888 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0415\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u041D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F \u043D\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0456, \u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043E\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440."@uk . "\u0643\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628"@ar . . "\u039A\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF"@el . . . . "Il kinetoscopio \u00E8 un apparecchio prodotto da Thomas Edison nel 1888, precursore di un proiettore cinematografico. Fu sviluppato tra il 1889 e il 1892 dall'operatore di Edison William Dickson."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "El quinetoscopio (tambi\u00E9n kinetoscopio o cinetoscopio) fue el precursor del moderno proyector de pel\u00EDculas, aunque el dispositivo no se trataba de un proyector de pel\u00EDculas, sino que introdujo el enfoque b\u00E1sico que se convertir\u00EDa en el est\u00E1ndar para todas las proyecciones cinematogr\u00E1ficas antes del advenimiento del v\u00EDdeo, al crear la ilusi\u00F3n de movimiento transportando una tira de pel\u00EDcula perforada con im\u00E1genes secuenciales sobre una fuente de luz con un obturador de alta velocidad. El primer concepto fue de Thomas Edison en 1889, y posteriormente fue desarrollado por su empleado William Kennedy Laurie Dickson entre 1889 y 1895. Existe un precursor, realizado por Louis Le Prince y patentado en 1888, antes del invento de \"Edison\", solo que Le Prince, desapareci\u00F3 en circunstancias extra\u00F1as cuando se dirig\u00EDa a patentar su invento en Londres. Dickson y su equipo en el laboratorio de Edison tambi\u00E9n dise\u00F1aron el quinet\u00F3grafo, una innovadora c\u00E1mara de cine con movimiento de pel\u00EDcula intermitente para fotografiar pel\u00EDculas para experimentos internos y, eventualmente, presentaciones comerciales de quinetoscopio. Un prototipo del quinetoscopio se mostr\u00F3 en la Federaci\u00F3n Nacional de Clubes femeninos el 20 de mayo de 1891., y la primera demostraci\u00F3n p\u00FAblica se llev\u00F3 a cabo en el Instituto de Artes y Ciencias de Brooklyn el 9 de mayo de 1893.\u200B Adem\u00E1s, su popularizaci\u00F3n en Europa fue r\u00E1pida, ya que Edison no se interes\u00F3 en buscar patentes, y cuando el p\u00FAblico hubo conocido su creaci\u00F3n, comenzaron a aparecer numerosas copias. A continuaci\u00F3n, en 1895, Edison introdujo el quinet\u00F3fono, que se uni\u00F3 al quinetoscopio con un fon\u00F3grafo de cilindro. Se sabe, adem\u00E1s, que muchos de los sistemas de proyecci\u00F3n \"desarrollados\" por la firma de Edison en a\u00F1os posteriores usaron el nombre de quinetoscopio."@es . . . "\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A"@zh . "\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\uFF08Kinetoscope\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u65E9\u671F\u7535\u5F71\u663E\u793A\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u7531\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u7533\u8ACB\u5C08\u5229\uFF08\u4E26\u975E\u767C\u660E\uFF09\uFF0C\u5668\u4EF6\u88AB\u653E\u7F6E\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u6A71\u67DC\u88E1\uFF0C\u53EA\u80FD\u5141\u8BB8\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u901A\u8FC7\u5C0F\u7A97\u53E3\u89C2\u770B\u7535\u5F71\u3002\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u5F15\u5165\u4E86\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u65B9\u6CD5\uFF0C\u8BE5\u65B9\u6CD5\u65BC\u5F71\u7247\u53D1\u660E\u524D\u88AB\u6240\u6709\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u91C7\u7528\u3002\u5B83\u901A\u8FC7\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u5149\u6E90\u524D\u9AD8\u901F\u8F6C\u52A8\u5E26\u6709\u8FDE\u7EED\u56FE\u7247\u7684\u7535\u5F71\u80F6\u7247\u6761\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u4EA7\u751F\u8FD0\u52A8\u7684\u9519\u89C9\u30021888\u5E74\u7F8E\u56FD\u53D1\u660E\u5BB6\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u6700\u65E9\u63D0\u51FA\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u5F8C\u6765\u4ED6\u7684\u5458\u5DE5\u5A01\u5EC9\u00B7\u80AF\u5C3C\u8FEA\u00B7\u8FEA\u514B\u68EE\u57281889\u5E74\u548C1892\u5E74\u4E4B\u95F4\u6781\u5927\u7A0B\u5EA6\u5730\u53D1\u5C55\u4E86\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6280\u672F\u3002\u8FEA\u514B\u68EE\u548C\u4ED6\u5728\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\u7684\u56E2\u961F\u4E5F\u540C\u65F6\u8BBE\u8BA1\u4E86\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u6444\u5F71\u673A\uFF0C\u8FD9\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u521B\u65B0\u7684\u7535\u5F71\u6444\u5F71\u673A\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FDE\u7EED\u5730\u62CD\u6444\u56FE\u50CF\u3002\u5728\u5185\u90E8\u8BD5\u9A8C\u62CD\u6444\u7535\u5F71\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5546\u4E1A\u7684\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u6700\u7EC8\u8BDE\u751F\u4E86\u3002 1894\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E00\u573A\u5386\u53F2\u6027\u7684\u653E\u6620\u5728\u7EBD\u7EA6\u4E3E\u884C\uFF0C\u4E00\u5171\u4F7F\u7528\u4E8610\u53F0\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u7F8E\u56FD\u8BDE\u751F\u7684\u673A\u5668\uFF0C\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u5728\u6B27\u6D32\u4E5F\u5F15\u8D77\u4E86\u8F70\u52A8\u3002\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u51B3\u5B9A\u653E\u5F03\u7533\u8BF7\u6B64\u8BBE\u5907\u7684\u56FD\u9645\u5316\u4E13\u5229\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5176\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u6269\u5927\uFF0C\u51FA\u73B0\u4E86\u6570\u91CF\u4F17\u591A\u7684\u4EFF\u5236\u54C1\uFF0C\u76F8\u5173\u6280\u672F\u4E5F\u5F97\u5230\u4E86\u5F88\u5927\u7684\u63D0\u9AD8\u30021895\u5E74\uFF0C\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u767C\u660E\u6709\u58F0\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u673A\u3002\u8FD9\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5C06\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u548C\u5706\u7B52\u5531\u7247\u7559\u58F0\u673A\u7ED3\u5408\u8D77\u6765\u7684\u8BBE\u5907\u3002\u800C\u53D7\u5230\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u85D0\u89C6\u7684\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u5219\u5F88\u5FEB\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u3002\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u7684\u516C\u53F8\u540E\u6765\u7684\u7814\u5236\u7684\u8BB8\u591A\u653E\u6620\u673A\u8BBE\u5907\u4F9D\u65E7\u4F7F\u7528\u201C\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u201D\u8FD9\u4E2A\u540D\u5B57\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\uFF08Kinetoscope\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u79CD\u65E9\u671F\u7535\u5F71\u663E\u793A\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u7531\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u7533\u8ACB\u5C08\u5229\uFF08\u4E26\u975E\u767C\u660E\uFF09\uFF0C\u5668\u4EF6\u88AB\u653E\u7F6E\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u6A71\u67DC\u88E1\uFF0C\u53EA\u80FD\u5141\u8BB8\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u901A\u8FC7\u5C0F\u7A97\u53E3\u89C2\u770B\u7535\u5F71\u3002\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u5F15\u5165\u4E86\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u65B9\u6CD5\uFF0C\u8BE5\u65B9\u6CD5\u65BC\u5F71\u7247\u53D1\u660E\u524D\u88AB\u6240\u6709\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u91C7\u7528\u3002\u5B83\u901A\u8FC7\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u5149\u6E90\u524D\u9AD8\u901F\u8F6C\u52A8\u5E26\u6709\u8FDE\u7EED\u56FE\u7247\u7684\u7535\u5F71\u80F6\u7247\u6761\uFF0C\u4ECE\u800C\u4EA7\u751F\u8FD0\u52A8\u7684\u9519\u89C9\u30021888\u5E74\u7F8E\u56FD\u53D1\u660E\u5BB6\u6258\u9A6C\u65AF\u00B7\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u6700\u65E9\u63D0\u51FA\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u5F8C\u6765\u4ED6\u7684\u5458\u5DE5\u5A01\u5EC9\u00B7\u80AF\u5C3C\u8FEA\u00B7\u8FEA\u514B\u68EE\u57281889\u5E74\u548C1892\u5E74\u4E4B\u95F4\u6781\u5927\u7A0B\u5EA6\u5730\u53D1\u5C55\u4E86\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6280\u672F\u3002\u8FEA\u514B\u68EE\u548C\u4ED6\u5728\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\u7684\u56E2\u961F\u4E5F\u540C\u65F6\u8BBE\u8BA1\u4E86\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u6444\u5F71\u673A\uFF0C\u8FD9\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u521B\u65B0\u7684\u7535\u5F71\u6444\u5F71\u673A\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8FDE\u7EED\u5730\u62CD\u6444\u56FE\u50CF\u3002\u5728\u5185\u90E8\u8BD5\u9A8C\u62CD\u6444\u7535\u5F71\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5546\u4E1A\u7684\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u6700\u7EC8\u8BDE\u751F\u4E86\u3002 1894\u5E744\u6708\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E00\u573A\u5386\u53F2\u6027\u7684\u653E\u6620\u5728\u7EBD\u7EA6\u4E3E\u884C\uFF0C\u4E00\u5171\u4F7F\u7528\u4E8610\u53F0\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u7F8E\u56FD\u8BDE\u751F\u7684\u673A\u5668\uFF0C\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u5728\u6B27\u6D32\u4E5F\u5F15\u8D77\u4E86\u8F70\u52A8\u3002\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u51B3\u5B9A\u653E\u5F03\u7533\u8BF7\u6B64\u8BBE\u5907\u7684\u56FD\u9645\u5316\u4E13\u5229\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5176\u5F71\u54CD\u529B\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8FDB\u4E00\u6B65\u6269\u5927\uFF0C\u51FA\u73B0\u4E86\u6570\u91CF\u4F17\u591A\u7684\u4EFF\u5236\u54C1\uFF0C\u76F8\u5173\u6280\u672F\u4E5F\u5F97\u5230\u4E86\u5F88\u5927\u7684\u63D0\u9AD8\u30021895\u5E74\uFF0C\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u767C\u660E\u6709\u58F0\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u673A\u3002\u8FD9\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5C06\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u548C\u5706\u7B52\u5531\u7247\u7559\u58F0\u673A\u7ED3\u5408\u8D77\u6765\u7684\u8BBE\u5907\u3002\u800C\u53D7\u5230\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u85D0\u89C6\u7684\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u5219\u5F88\u5FEB\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u3002\u7231\u8FEA\u751F\u7684\u516C\u53F8\u540E\u6765\u7684\u7814\u5236\u7684\u8BB8\u591A\u653E\u6620\u673A\u8BBE\u5907\u4F9D\u65E7\u4F7F\u7528\u201C\u6D3B\u52A8\u7535\u5F71\u653E\u6620\u673A\u201D\u8FD9\u4E2A\u540D\u5B57\u3002"@zh . "\u041A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Kinetoscope) (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u00AB\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0446\u0435\u00BB - \u0440\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u00AB\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043E\u00BB - \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F) - \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u044F \u043A\u0456\u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0432 1888 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0415\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u041D\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0456\u043D\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0454\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F \u043D\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u0435\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0456, \u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043E\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440."@uk . "1124445783"^^ . . . . . . . . "The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device, designed for films to be viewed by one person at a time through a peephole viewer window. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but it introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video: it created the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. First described in conceptual terms by U.S. inventor Thomas Edison in 1888, it was largely developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892. Dickson and his team at the Edison lab in New Jersey also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, eventually, commercial Kinetoscope presentations. A Kinetoscope prototype was first semipublicly demonstrated to members of the National Federation of Women's Clubs invited to the Edison laboratory on May 20, 1891. The completed version was publicly unveiled in Brooklyn two years later, and on April 14, 1894, the first commercial exhibition of motion pictures in history took place in New York City, using ten Kinetoscopes. Instrumental to the birth of American movie culture, the Kinetoscope also had a major impact in Europe; its influence abroad was magnified by Edison's decision not to seek international patents on the device, facilitating numerous imitations of and improvements on the technology. In 1895, Edison introduced the Kinetophone, which joined the Kinetoscope with a cylinder phonograph. Film projection, which Edison initially disdained as financially nonviable, soon superseded the Kinetoscope's individual exhibition model. Numerous motion picture systems developed by Edison's firm in later years were marketed with the name Projecting Kinetoscope."@en . . . "El quinetoscopi (del grec \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF: moviment i \u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AD\u03C9: observar) fou el precursor del projector de pel\u00B7l\u00EDcules modern desenvolupat per William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, mentre treballava amb Thomas Edison. L'invent consistia en una caixa de fusta amb un orifici on hi havia una lent. A l'interior s'hi trobava una bombeta i el rotlle de la pel\u00B7l\u00EDcula. La funci\u00F3 principal de l'aparell era reproduir imatges en moviment, les quals es visionaven a trav\u00E9s d'una pantalla d'augment, pr\u00E8viament dipositant una moneda i de forma individual. Per tant, va ser dissenyat per veure una pel\u00B7l\u00EDcula individualment, \u00E9s a dir que no era un projector de pel\u00B7l\u00EDcules, per\u00F2 va servir per introduir l'estandard per a tota projecci\u00F3 cinematogr\u00E0fica abans de l'arribada del v\u00EDdeo. Finalment, fou patentat per Edison l'any 1891."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504(\uC601\uC5B4: Kinetoscope)\uB294 \uC5D0\uB514\uC2A8\uC774 1889\uB144\uC5D0 \uCC3D\uC548\uD55C \uCD08\uAE30 \uC601\uD654 \uC601\uC0AC \uC7A5\uCE58\uC774\uB2E4. \uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504\uB294 \uD55C\uBC88\uC5D0 \uD55C \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774 \uC7A5\uCE58 \uC0C1\uBD80\uC758 \uC791\uC740 \uCC3D\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uB4E4\uC5EC\uB2E4\uBCF4\uB294 \uD615\uD0DC\uB85C \uC124\uACC4\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD0A4\uB124\uD1A0\uC2A4\uCF54\uD504\uB294 \uC601\uC0AC\uAE30\uB294 \uC544\uB2C8\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uAD00\uC6D0\uC744 \uD1B5\uD574 \uC77C\uB828\uC758 \uACE0\uC18D \uD544\uB984 \uC154\uD130 \uC774\uBBF8\uC9C0\uB97C \uC804\uB2EC\uD558\uC5EC \uC6C0\uC9C1\uC774\uB294 \uC0C1\uC744 \uB9CC\uB4E4\uC5B4 \uC90C\uC73C\uB85C\uC368 \uBE44\uB514\uC624\uAC00 \uCD9C\uD604\uD558\uAE30 \uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uC601\uD654\uC801 \uC601\uC0AC\uAE30\uC758 \uD45C\uC900\uC774 \uB418\uB294 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uC811\uADFC\uBC29\uBC95\uC744 \uC81C\uC2DC\uD588\uB2E4. \uBCF4\uD1B5 20~30\uCD08 \uC815\uB3C4\uB85C \uD0A4\uC2A4, \uAD8C\uD22C \uC7A5\uBA74, \uC2A4\uD2B8\uB9BD\uC1FC \uAC19\uC740 \uC790\uADF9\uC801\uC778 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC744 \uB2F4\uC558\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kinetoskopo"@eo . . . "\u041A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C0\u03B9\u03BF (\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: kinetoscope) \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B7\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B1\u03B9\u03BD\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03BC\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03CD\u03B3\u03C7\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B7\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03BF\u03BB\u03AE\u03C2. \u0391\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03C4\u03CD\u03C7\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03C5\u03C1\u03AD\u03C4\u03B7 \u03A4\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C2 \u0388\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD, \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03AF\u03B4\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C3\u03CD\u03BB\u03BB\u03B7\u03C8\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B9\u03B4\u03AD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5. \u0397 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B5\u03CD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B9\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03CD\u03B1\u03B6\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C6\u03C9\u03C4\u03BF\u03B3\u03C1\u03B1\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2, \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03C1\u03B7\u03C4\u03BF \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03BC \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD 35 \u03C7\u03B9\u03BB\u03B9\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03BD. \u0397 \u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B3\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03AE \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03AD\u03B8\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 ."@el . . . . "Cinetosc\u00F3pio"@pt . . "\u041A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0301\u043F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Kinetoscope, \u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u00AB\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u00BB \u2014 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0438 \u00AB\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043E\u00BB \u2014 \u0441\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F \u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0432 1891 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u042D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430, \u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F \u043D\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435, \u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043E\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . "Il kinetoscopio \u00E8 un apparecchio prodotto da Thomas Edison nel 1888, precursore di un proiettore cinematografico. Fu sviluppato tra il 1889 e il 1892 dall'operatore di Edison William Dickson."@it . . . . "La premi\u00E8re cam\u00E9ra argentique du cin\u00E9ma, le Kin\u00E9tographe, enregistre d\u00E8s 1890 les premiers films du cin\u00E9ma. Le Kin\u00E9toscope est le plus ancien dispositif de l\u2019histoire du cin\u00E9ma, destin\u00E9 \u00E0 visualiser les \u0153uvres photographiques donnant l\u2019illusion du mouvement, les films enregistr\u00E9s par cette cam\u00E9ra, qui d\u00E9passent en dur\u00E9e la rotation cyclique du jouet optique (limit\u00E9e \u00E0 deux secondes) et peuvent ainsi atteindre quelques minutes. Affirmation de John Barnes (historien) :"@fr . . . "Kinetoskop \u2013 urz\u0105dzenie s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ce do wy\u015Bwietlania ruchomych obraz\u00F3w. Zosta\u0142o opatentowane przez Thomasa Alv\u0119 Edisona w 1891 roku, jako urz\u0105dzenie przeznaczone dla jednego widza, dzia\u0142aj\u0105ce na zasadzie fotoplastykonu."@pl . . . . . . . "Kinetoskop adalah kamera gambar hidup pertama yang menampilkan gambar bergerak. Alat ini dapat memperlihatkan film secara individual melalui lubang kecil yang menyerupai jendela atau yangsekarang sering kita sebut sebagai proyektor. Kinetoskop memperkenalkan pendekatan awal yang menjadi standar untuk seluruh proyeksi bioskop sebelum munculnya video."@in . . . . . . "\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\uFF08\u82F1: Kinetoscope\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u521D\u671F\u306E\u6620\u753B\u9451\u8CDE\u88C5\u7F6E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u540D\u79F0\u306F\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30E3\u8A9E\u306E\u300Ckineto (\u904B\u52D5)\u300D\u3068\u300Cscopos (\u898B\u308B)\u300D\u3092\u7D44\u307F\u5408\u308F\u305B\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6728\u7BB1\u5185\u3092\u306E\u305E\u304D\u8FBC\u3080\u5F62\u3067\u6620\u50CF\u3092\u898B\u308B\u4ED5\u7D44\u307F\u3067\u3001\u4E00\u5EA6\u306B1\u4EBA\u3057\u304B\u898B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u306F\u6620\u5199\u6A5F\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E\u6620\u753B\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u305D\u308C\u306F\u9023\u7D9A\u5199\u771F\u3092\u8A18\u9332\u3057\u305F\u30BB\u30EB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u306E\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30D5\u30A3\u30EB\u30E0\u3092\u3001\u5149\u6E90\u306E\u524D\u3067\u30B7\u30E3\u30C3\u30BF\u30FC\u3092\u5207\u308A\u306A\u304C\u3089\u9AD8\u901F\u79FB\u52D5\u3055\u305B\u3066\u52D5\u304F\u6620\u50CF\u3092\u4F5C\u308A\u51FA\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u30D1\u30FC\u30D5\u30A9\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u4ED8\u304D\u306E35\u30DF\u30EA\u30D5\u30A3\u30EB\u30E0\u3092\u63A1\u7528\u3057\u3001\u6620\u753B\u30D5\u30A3\u30EB\u30E0\u306E\u6A19\u6E96\u3092\u8A2D\u5B9A\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30021888\u5E74\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u306E\u767A\u660E\u5BB6\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30A8\u30B8\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u6700\u521D\u306E\u30A2\u30A4\u30C7\u30A2\u3092\u8003\u6848\u3057\u3001\u52A9\u624B\u306E\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FBK\u30FBL\u30FB\u30C7\u30A3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u958B\u767A\u3057\u305F\u3002\u5F7C\u3089\u306F\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u3068\u540C\u6642\u306B\u3001\u6620\u753B\u7528\u30AB\u30E1\u30E9\u306E\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B0\u30E9\u30D5\uFF08\u82F1: Kinetograph\uFF09\u3082\u958B\u767A\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u30011891\u5E748\u6708\u306B\u4E21\u65B9\u306E\u7279\u8A31\u3092\u7533\u8ACB\u3057\u305F\u3002 1893\u5E745\u67089\u65E5\u306B\u30D6\u30EB\u30C3\u30AF\u30EA\u30F3\u82B8\u8853\u79D1\u5B66\u5354\u4F1A\u3067\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u306E\u6700\u521D\u306E\u516C\u958B\u5B9F\u6F14\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u30011894\u5E744\u670814\u65E5\u306B\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30E8\u30FC\u30AF\u3067\u4E00\u822C\u8208\u884C\u304C\u958B\u59CB\u3057\u305F\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u306E\u6620\u753B\u6587\u5316\u306E\u8A95\u751F\u306B\u8CA2\u732E\u3057\u305F\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u306F\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u3067\u3082\u516C\u958B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30A8\u30B8\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u306E\u56FD\u969B\u7279\u8A31\u3092\u7533\u8ACB\u3057\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u591A\u6570\u306E\u6A21\u9020\u54C1\u304C\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u30011896\u5E7411\u670825\u65E5\u306B\u795E\u6238\u5E02\u306E\u795E\u6E2F\u5036\u697D\u90E8\u3067\u521D\u3081\u3066\u4E00\u822C\u516C\u958B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3084\u304C\u3066\u30A8\u30B8\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u7D4C\u6E08\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3067\u958B\u767A\u3057\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u6620\u5199\u6A5F\u304C\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u306B\u53D6\u3063\u3066\u4EE3\u308F\u308B\u5B58\u5728\u3068\u306A\u308A\u3001\u30A8\u30B8\u30BD\u30F3\u30821896\u5E74\u306B\u30F4\u30A1\u30A4\u30BF\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u3092\u767A\u58F2\u3057\u3066\u6620\u5199\u6A5F\u3092\u5C0E\u5165\u3057\u305F\u30021895\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u3068\u874B\u7BA1\u5F0F\u84C4\u97F3\u6A5F\u3092\u7D50\u5408\u3057\u305F\u3092\u958B\u767A\u3057\u3001\u6620\u50CF\u3068\u97F3\u3092\u540C\u671F\u3059\u308B\u8A66\u307F\u3092\u884C\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . "Das Kinetoskop (griech. kinesis \u201ABewegung\u2018, skopein \u201Asehen\u2018) ist der erste Filmbetrachter und wurde 1891\u201392 von William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, Chefingenieur bei Edison, entwickelt."@de . . "Cinetoscopi"@ca . "Kinetoskop"@de . "Kinetoscopio"@it . . . "Das Kinetoskop (griech. kinesis \u201ABewegung\u2018, skopein \u201Asehen\u2018) ist der erste Filmbetrachter und wurde 1891\u201392 von William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, Chefingenieur bei Edison, entwickelt."@de . . . . "Kinetoskop adalah kamera gambar hidup pertama yang menampilkan gambar bergerak. Alat ini dapat memperlihatkan film secara individual melalui lubang kecil yang menyerupai jendela atau yangsekarang sering kita sebut sebagai proyektor. Kinetoskop memperkenalkan pendekatan awal yang menjadi standar untuk seluruh proyeksi bioskop sebelum munculnya video."@in . . . . . . . "De kinetoscoop was een individuele kijkmachine; men gooide er geld in waarna men via een kijkgaatje naar een zeer korte film kon kijken. Er is onenigheid over wie de kinetoscoop heeft uitgevonden. Hoogstwaarschijnlijk is het het werk van William K.L. Dickson, die toen voor Thomas Edison werkte. Het apparaat werd gemaakt in de jaren negentig van de negentiende eeuw en werd al gauw populair in circussen en op kermissen. Een van de eerste films voor de kinetoscoop was Fred Ott's Sneeze."@nl . "El quinetoscopio (tambi\u00E9n kinetoscopio o cinetoscopio) fue el precursor del moderno proyector de pel\u00EDculas, aunque el dispositivo no se trataba de un proyector de pel\u00EDculas, sino que introdujo el enfoque b\u00E1sico que se convertir\u00EDa en el est\u00E1ndar para todas las proyecciones cinematogr\u00E1ficas antes del advenimiento del v\u00EDdeo, al crear la ilusi\u00F3n de movimiento transportando una tira de pel\u00EDcula perforada con im\u00E1genes secuenciales sobre una fuente de luz con un obturador de alta velocidad."@es . "La kinetoskopo estis frutempa aparato por vidi filmojn. \u011Ci tamen ne projekciis filmojn sed proponis individuan spektadon tra la fenestro de kabineto, kiu entenas la \u0109efajn kompona\u0135ojn de la aparato. La koncepto de la kinetoskopo estis unue difinita de Thomas Edison en 1888, kaj la aparato estis sekve konkretigita de lia dungito inter 1889 kaj 1892."@eo . . . . . . . . . "\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\uFF08\u82F1: Kinetoscope\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u521D\u671F\u306E\u6620\u753B\u9451\u8CDE\u88C5\u7F6E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u540D\u79F0\u306F\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30E3\u8A9E\u306E\u300Ckineto (\u904B\u52D5)\u300D\u3068\u300Cscopos (\u898B\u308B)\u300D\u3092\u7D44\u307F\u5408\u308F\u305B\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u6728\u7BB1\u5185\u3092\u306E\u305E\u304D\u8FBC\u3080\u5F62\u3067\u6620\u50CF\u3092\u898B\u308B\u4ED5\u7D44\u307F\u3067\u3001\u4E00\u5EA6\u306B1\u4EBA\u3057\u304B\u898B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u306F\u6620\u5199\u6A5F\u3067\u306F\u306A\u3044\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u306E\u6620\u753B\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u305D\u308C\u306F\u9023\u7D9A\u5199\u771F\u3092\u8A18\u9332\u3057\u305F\u30BB\u30EB\u30ED\u30A4\u30C9\u306E\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30D5\u30A3\u30EB\u30E0\u3092\u3001\u5149\u6E90\u306E\u524D\u3067\u30B7\u30E3\u30C3\u30BF\u30FC\u3092\u5207\u308A\u306A\u304C\u3089\u9AD8\u901F\u79FB\u52D5\u3055\u305B\u3066\u52D5\u304F\u6620\u50CF\u3092\u4F5C\u308A\u51FA\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u30D1\u30FC\u30D5\u30A9\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u4ED8\u304D\u306E35\u30DF\u30EA\u30D5\u30A3\u30EB\u30E0\u3092\u63A1\u7528\u3057\u3001\u6620\u753B\u30D5\u30A3\u30EB\u30E0\u306E\u6A19\u6E96\u3092\u8A2D\u5B9A\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u30021888\u5E74\u306B\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u306E\u767A\u660E\u5BB6\u30C8\u30FC\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30A8\u30B8\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u6700\u521D\u306E\u30A2\u30A4\u30C7\u30A2\u3092\u8003\u6848\u3057\u3001\u52A9\u624B\u306E\u30A6\u30A3\u30EA\u30A2\u30E0\u30FBK\u30FBL\u30FB\u30C7\u30A3\u30AF\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u4E2D\u5FC3\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u958B\u767A\u3057\u305F\u3002\u5F7C\u3089\u306F\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30D7\u3068\u540C\u6642\u306B\u3001\u6620\u753B\u7528\u30AB\u30E1\u30E9\u306E\u30AD\u30CD\u30C8\u30B0\u30E9\u30D5\uFF08\u82F1: Kinetograph\uFF09\u3082\u958B\u767A\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u30011891\u5E748\u6708\u306B\u4E21\u65B9\u306E\u7279\u8A31\u3092\u7533\u8ACB\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "\u041A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0301\u043F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Kinetoscope, \u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u00AB\u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u00BB \u2014 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0438 \u00AB\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u0435\u043E\u00BB \u2014 \u0441\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C) \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u044F \u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0432 1891 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u042D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430, \u043A\u0438\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F \u043D\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u043C\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u044D\u043A\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435, \u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0430\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043E\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440."@ru . . "Kinetoscoop"@nl . . "O Cinetosc\u00F3pio \u00E9 um instrumento de projec\u00E7\u00E3o interna de filmes inventado por William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chefe engenheiro da Edison Laboratories de Thomas Edison, em 1891. Possu\u00EDa um visor individual atrav\u00E9s do qual se podia assistir, mediante a inser\u00E7\u00E3o de uma moeda, \u00E0 exibi\u00E7\u00E3o de uma pequena tira de filme em , na qual apareciam imagens em movimento de n\u00FAmeros c\u00F4micos, animais amestrados e bailarinas. Os filmes reproduzidos no cinetosc\u00F3pio (quinetosc\u00F3pio) eram produzidos pelo cinet\u00F3grafo (quinet\u00F3grafo), outra inven\u00E7\u00E3o patenteada por Thomas Edison. Apesar destas inven\u00E7\u00F5es permanecerem no nome de Edison, elas, na verdade, foram produzidas por William K.L. Dickson e uma equipe de t\u00E9cnicos encarregados, por Edison, de criarem m\u00E1quinas que produzissem e mostrassem fotografias em movimento (motion picture). Em 1889, Edison decidiu criar a c\u00E2mera descrita, quando viu a c\u00E2mera de \u00C9tienne-Jules Marey, em Paris."@pt . . . . . . . . "De kinetoscoop was een individuele kijkmachine; men gooide er geld in waarna men via een kijkgaatje naar een zeer korte film kon kijken. Er is onenigheid over wie de kinetoscoop heeft uitgevonden. Hoogstwaarschijnlijk is het het werk van William K.L. Dickson, die toen voor Thomas Edison werkte. Het apparaat werd gemaakt in de jaren negentig van de negentiende eeuw en werd al gauw populair in circussen en op kermissen. Een van de eerste films voor de kinetoscoop was Fred Ott's Sneeze."@nl . . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0646\u062A\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u064A\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062A\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062A\u0647. \u0635\u0627\u062D\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062F\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0645 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0648\u062C\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1891\u0645."@ar . "Quinetoscopio"@es . . "\u041A\u0456\u043D\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F"@uk . "Kinetoscope"@en . "85335"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La premi\u00E8re cam\u00E9ra argentique du cin\u00E9ma, le Kin\u00E9tographe, enregistre d\u00E8s 1890 les premiers films du cin\u00E9ma. Le Kin\u00E9toscope est le plus ancien dispositif de l\u2019histoire du cin\u00E9ma, destin\u00E9 \u00E0 visualiser les \u0153uvres photographiques donnant l\u2019illusion du mouvement, les films enregistr\u00E9s par cette cam\u00E9ra, qui d\u00E9passent en dur\u00E9e la rotation cyclique du jouet optique (limit\u00E9e \u00E0 deux secondes) et peuvent ainsi atteindre quelques minutes. Affirmation de John Barnes (historien) : \u00AB The cinema, as we know it today, began with the invention of the Kinetograph and Kinetoscope. These two instruments represent the first practical method of cinematography (le cin\u00E9ma, tel que nous le connaissons aujourd'hui, commen\u00E7a avec l'invention du kin\u00E9tographe et du kin\u00E9toscope. Ces deux machines sont la premi\u00E8re m\u00E9thode r\u00E9ussie de prise de vues cin\u00E9matographique). \u00BB Les deux machines sont tr\u00E8s diff\u00E9rentes dans leur conception, et pr\u00E9figurent la dichotomie qui reste valable de nos jours dans l\u2019industrie du film : une machine vou\u00E9e \u00E0 la prise de vues, une autre \u00E0 la visualisation des \u0153uvres. Ce proc\u00E9d\u00E9 \u00E0 deux machines est imagin\u00E9 en 1887-1888 par l\u2019inventeur et industriel am\u00E9ricain Thomas Edison, l\u2019inventeur du Phonographe, qui r\u00EAve d\u2019apporter \u00AB pour l'\u0153il ce que le phonographe fait pour l'oreille \u00BB. En 1889, il confie l\u2019\u00E9tude et la fabrication de ce couple de machines \u00E0 son bras droit, un ing\u00E9nieur \u00E9lectricien, le franco-britannique William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. En 1891, le kin\u00E9toscope est pr\u00E9sent\u00E9 au public et \u00E0 la presse, notamment le 20 mai devant une assembl\u00E9e invit\u00E9e de cent-cinquante militantes de la Federation of Women\u2019s Clubs. Le quotidien am\u00E9ricain The New York Sun relate ainsi l\u2019\u00E9v\u00E9nement : \u00AB Sur la face sup\u00E9rieure de la bo\u00EEte, se trouvait un trou, de 1 pouce de diam\u00E8tre environ. Et, alors qu'elles se penchaient pour regarder, elles virent l'image d\u2019un homme. C'\u00E9tait une tr\u00E8s belle image. Il s'inclina, tout en souriant et en agitant la main puis enleva son chapeau avec gr\u00E2ce et le plus grand naturel. Chaque mouvement \u00E9tait parfait... \u00BB Le film dure moins de dix secondes, dont il ne reste plus aujourd\u2019hui que deux secondes, et s'intitule Dickson Greeting (Le Salut de Dickson), et l\u2019homme tr\u00E8s c\u00E9r\u00E9monieux qui salue en direction du public (regard cam\u00E9ra) n'est autre que William Dickson. Le succ\u00E8s est donc au rendez-vous, et les spectatrices manifestent leur \u00E9tonnement et leur enthousiasme. Dickson a montr\u00E9 sa libert\u00E9 par rapport aux canons de la photographie et a choisi d\u2019\u00EAtre film\u00E9 jusqu\u2019\u00E0 mi-cuisse, un cadrage que l\u2019on nommera plus tard plan am\u00E9ricain. Edison ne voit en ces succ\u00E8s qu\u2019un premier pas franchi ; pour lui, le but, le couple image et son, n\u2019est pas encore atteint et n\u00E9cessite d\u2019autres recherches. Une pause est marqu\u00E9e, durant laquelle le projet semble gel\u00E9. Pourtant, en 1893, la pr\u00E9sentation \u00E0 un public payant des premiers films, dont la dur\u00E9e varie de 30 \u00E0 60 secondes, enregistr\u00E9s par le kin\u00E9tographe, met en \u00E9bullition le monde des chercheurs et celui des industriels, et provoque une \u00E9mergence spectaculaire internationale de proc\u00E9d\u00E9s divers visant \u00E0 enregistrer et \u00E0 reproduire des images photographiques en mouvement. La course aux inventions est lanc\u00E9e, et d\u00E9bouche en 1895 sur la victoire d\u2019un outsider, le cin\u00E9matographe de Louis Lumi\u00E8re. Le 26 d\u00E9cembre 1894, un article du Lyon R\u00E9publicain rapporte que \u00AB les fr\u00E8res Lumi\u00E8re [...] travaillent actuellement \u00E0 la construction d\u2019un nouveau kin\u00E9tographe, non moins remarquable que celui d\u2019Edison et dont les Lyonnais auront sous peu, croyons-nous, la primeur. \u00BB Cet article du Lyon R\u00E9publicain, qui cite le kin\u00E9tographe pr\u00E9existant, montre bien que les fr\u00E8res lyonnais travaillent sur la piste ouverte par Edison. Le petit-fils de Louis, Maurice Trarieux-Lumi\u00E8re, souligne la g\u00E9n\u00E9alogie des inventions : \u00AB Mon grand-p\u00E8re a toujours reconnu avec une parfaite probit\u00E9, j'en porte t\u00E9moignage, les apports de Janssen, Muybridge et Marey, inventeurs de la chronophotographie, Reynaud, Edison et surtout Dickson. \u00BB"@fr . "La kinetoskopo estis frutempa aparato por vidi filmojn. \u011Ci tamen ne projekciis filmojn sed proponis individuan spektadon tra la fenestro de kabineto, kiu entenas la \u0109efajn kompona\u0135ojn de la aparato. La koncepto de la kinetoskopo estis unue difinita de Thomas Edison en 1888, kaj la aparato estis sekve konkretigita de lia dungito inter 1889 kaj 1892."@eo . . . "230916"^^ . . . "Kinetoskop"@pl . "O Cinetosc\u00F3pio \u00E9 um instrumento de projec\u00E7\u00E3o interna de filmes inventado por William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chefe engenheiro da Edison Laboratories de Thomas Edison, em 1891. Possu\u00EDa um visor individual atrav\u00E9s do qual se podia assistir, mediante a inser\u00E7\u00E3o de uma moeda, \u00E0 exibi\u00E7\u00E3o de uma pequena tira de filme em , na qual apareciam imagens em movimento de n\u00FAmeros c\u00F4micos, animais amestrados e bailarinas. Os filmes reproduzidos no cinetosc\u00F3pio (quinetosc\u00F3pio) eram produzidos pelo cinet\u00F3grafo (quinet\u00F3grafo), outra inven\u00E7\u00E3o patenteada por Thomas Edison."@pt . . . "Kinetoskop \u2013 urz\u0105dzenie s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ce do wy\u015Bwietlania ruchomych obraz\u00F3w. Zosta\u0142o opatentowane przez Thomasa Alv\u0119 Edisona w 1891 roku, jako urz\u0105dzenie przeznaczone dla jednego widza, dzia\u0142aj\u0105ce na zasadzie fotoplastykonu."@pl . . . . . . .