. . . "Aliran laminar merupakan aliran udara yang terjadi akibat tidak adanya gangguan pada pengaliran fluida di tiap lapisan paralel. Garis alir masing-masing dari aliran udara tidak saling berpotongan. Sifat dari aliran laminar adalah tidak terjadi pusaran, persilangan maupun percampuran aliran udara. Setiap partikel udara bergerak serenjang dengan arah aliran udara secara teratur. Aliran laminar dipelajari dalam dinamika fluida. Kondisi yang memungkingkan terbentuknya aliran laminar adalah fluida bergerak sangat lambat atau memiliki tingkat kekentalan yang tinggi. Difusi momentum pada aliran laminar sangat besar, sedangkan momentum konveksi yang terjadi sangat kecil. Nilai bilangan Reynolds pada aliran laminar selalu kurang dari 2000. Setelah waktu dan kondisi tertentu, aliran laminar akan ber"@in . . . . "Un flux laminar o corrent laminar \u00E9s un tipus de moviment d'un fluid que est\u00E0 perfectament ordenat, estratificat, suau, de manera que el fluid es mou en l\u00E0mines paral\u00B7leles sense entremesclar si el corrent t\u00E9 lloc entre dos plans paral\u00B7lels, o en capes cil\u00EDndriques coaxials com, per exemple la glicerina en un tub de secci\u00F3 circular. Se sol oposar al flux turbulent. Es diu que aquest flux \u00E9s aerodin\u00E0mic. En el flux aerodin\u00E0mic, cada part\u00EDcula de fluid segueix una traject\u00F2ria suau, anomenada l\u00EDnia de corrent. Les capes no es barregen entre si. El mecanisme de transport \u00E9s exclusivament molecular. Es dona en fluids amb velocitats baixes o viscositats altes, quan es compleix que el nombre de Reynolds inferior a 2.300. M\u00E9s enll\u00E0 d'aquest n\u00FAmero, ser\u00E0 un flux turbulent. La p\u00E8rdua d'energia \u00E9s proporcional a la velocitat mitjana. El perfil de velocitats t\u00E9 forma d'una par\u00E0bola, on la velocitat m\u00E0xima es troba en l'eix del tub i la velocitat \u00E9s igual a zero a la paret del tub. La llei de Newton de la viscositat \u00E9s la que regeix el flux laminar. Aquesta llei estableix la relaci\u00F3 existent entre l'esfor\u00E7 tallant i la rapidesa de deformaci\u00F3 angular. L'acci\u00F3 de la viscositat pot amortir qualsevol tend\u00E8ncia turbulenta que pugui passar en el flux laminar. En situacions que involucrin combinacions de baixa viscositat, alta velocitat o grans cabals, el flux laminar no \u00E9s estable, el que fa que es transformi en flux turbulent."@ca . "Lamin\u00E4r str\u00F6mning, lamin\u00E4rt fl\u00F6de, \u00E4r i str\u00F6mningsmekaniken en str\u00F6mning som i motsats till turbulent str\u00F6mning f\u00F6ljer parallella linjer utan att blandas. S\u00E5dan str\u00F6mning f\u00F6rekommer vid l\u00E5ga Reynolds-tal, vilket inneb\u00E4r att de visk\u00F6sa krafterna \u00E4r stora j\u00E4mf\u00F6rt med tr\u00F6ghetskrafterna. Reynoldstalet \u00E4r definierat som d\u00E4r \u00E4r mediets hastighet, \u00E4r en typisk l\u00E4ngdskala f\u00F6r str\u00F6mningen, till exempel r\u00F6rdiameter, och \u00E4r mediets kinematiska viskositet. Med \u00F6kande str\u00F6mningshastighet kan ett omslag ske fr\u00E5n lamin\u00E4r till turbulent str\u00F6mning."@sv . . . . . "\u5C42\u6D41\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALaminar flow\uFF09\uFF0C\u70BA\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u6D41\u52A8\u72B6\u6001\u3002\u5F53\u6D41\u901F\u5F88\u5C0F\u65F6\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u5206\u5C42\u6D41\u52A8\uFF0C\u4E92\u4E0D\u6DF7\u5408\u6216\u5F88\u5C11\u90E8\u5206\u6DF7\u5408\u79F0\u4E3A\u5C42\u6D41\uFF0C\u6216\u79F0\u4E3A\u7247\u6D41\uFF1B\u9010\u6E10\u589E\u52A0\u6D41\u901F\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\u6D41\u7EBF\u5F00\u59CB\u51FA\u73B0\u6CE2\u6D6A\u72B6\u7684\u6446\u52A8\uFF0C\u6446\u52A8\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53CA\u632F\u5E45\u968F\u6D41\u901F\u7684\u589E\u52A0\u800C\u589E\u52A0\uFF0C\u6B64\u79CD\u6D41\u51B5\u79F0\u4E3A\u8FC7\u6E21\u6D41\uFF1B\u5F53\u6D41\u901F\u589E\u52A0\u5230\u5F88\u5927\u65F6\uFF0C\u6D41\u7EBF\u4E0D\u518D\u6E05\u695A\u53EF\u8FA8\uFF0C\u6D41\u573A\u4E2D\u6709\u8BB8\u591A\u5C0F\u6F29\u6DA1\uFF0C\u79F0\u4E3A\u6E4D\u6D41\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u4E3A\u4E71\u6D41\u3001\u6270\u6D41\u6216\u7D0A\u6D41\u3002 \u8FD9\u79CD\u53D8\u5316\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u6765\u91CF\u5316\uFF0C\u516C\u5F0F\u4E3A \u5176\u4E2D\uFF0CDH \u662F\u7BA1\u9053\u7684\u6C34\u529B\u76F4\u5F84 (m)\uFF0CQ \u662F\u4F53\u79EF\u6D41\u7387 (m3/s)\uFF1BA \u662F\u7BA1\u9053\u7684\u6A2A\u622A\u9762\u79EF (m2)\uFF1Bu \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\u5E73\u5747\u901F\u5EA6 (m/s)\uFF1B\u03BC \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684 (Pa\u00B7s = N\u00B7s/m2 = kg/(m\u00B7s))\uFF1B\u03BD \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\uFF0C\u03BD = \u03BC/\u03C1 (m2/s)\uFF1B\u03C1 \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684 \u5BC6\u5EA6 (kg/m3)\u3002 \u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u8F83\u5C0F\u65F6\uFF0C\u9ECF\u6EDE\u529B\u5BF9\u6D41\u573A\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u5927\u4E8E\u60EF\u6027\u529B\uFF0C\u6D41\u573A\u4E2D\u6D41\u901F\u7684\u6270\u52A8\u4F1A\u56E0\u9ECF\u6EDE\u529B\u800C\u8870\u51CF\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u6D41\u52A8\u7A33\u5B9A\uFF0C\u4E3A\u5C42\u6D41\uFF1B\u53CD\u4E4B\uFF0C\u82E5\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u8F83\u5927\u65F6\uFF0C\u60EF\u6027\u529B\u5BF9\u6D41\u573A\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u5927\u4E8E\u9ECF\u6EDE\u529B\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u6D41\u52A8\u8F83\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\uFF0C\u6D41\u901F\u7684\u5FAE\u5C0F\u53D8\u5316\u5BB9\u6613\u53D1\u5C55\u3001\u589E\u5F3A\uFF0C\u5F62\u6210\u7D0A\u4E71\u3001\u4E0D\u89C4\u5219\u7684\u6E4D\u6D41\u6D41\u573A\u3002 \u6D41\u6001\u8F6C\u53D8\u65F6\u7684\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u503C\u79F0\u4E3A\u4E34\u754C\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u7BA1\u9053\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570Re\uFF1C2100\u4E3A\u5C42\u6D41\u72B6\u6001\uFF0CRe\uFF1E4000\u4E3A\u6E4D\u6D41\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C2100\uFF1CRe\uFF1C4000\u6642\u4E3A\u8FC7\u6E21\u72B6\u6001"@zh . . . . . . . "\uCE35\uB958"@ko . . . "\u041B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . . "Laminaire stroming is een stroming waarbij de lagen van een gas of een vloeistof zich parallel ten opzichte van elkaar voortbewegen. Er is nauwelijks of geen stroming loodrecht op de hoofdstroom. De tegenhanger van laminaire stroming is turbulente stroming. Bij een waterkraan is de straal bovenin laminair en wordt deze onder invloed van de zwaartekracht dieper in de val turbulent."@nl . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064A\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642)\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064A\u062C\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Laminae) \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u062A\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u0645\u0632\u062C \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A. \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064A\u062D\u064A \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u060C \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0638\u0645 \u062C\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064A \u0644\u062C\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0647."@ar . . "\u5C64\u6D41\uFF08\u305D\u3046\u308A\u3085\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Alaminar flow\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5404\u6D41\u4F53\u8981\u7D20\u304C\u63C3\u3063\u3066\u904B\u52D5\u3057\u3066\u4F5C\u308A\u51FA\u3059\u6D41\u308C\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "Die laminare Str\u00F6mung (lat. lamina \u201EPlatte\u201C), auch Laminarstr\u00F6mung, ist eine Bewegung von Fl\u00FCssigkeiten und Gasen, bei der in einem \u00DCbergangsgebiet zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Str\u00F6mungsgeschwindigkeiten (Hydrodynamische Grenzschicht), das sich senkrecht zur Str\u00F6mungsrichtung ausbreitet, keine sichtbaren Turbulenzen (Verwirbelungen / Querstr\u00F6mungen) auftreten: Das Fluid str\u00F6mt in Schichten, die sich nicht miteinander vermischen. In diesem Fall handelt es sich (bei zeitlich konstanter Str\u00F6mungsgeschwindigkeit) meistens um eine station\u00E4re Str\u00F6mung."@de . "\u5C64\u6D41"@ja . . "Die laminare Str\u00F6mung (lat. lamina \u201EPlatte\u201C), auch Laminarstr\u00F6mung, ist eine Bewegung von Fl\u00FCssigkeiten und Gasen, bei der in einem \u00DCbergangsgebiet zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Str\u00F6mungsgeschwindigkeiten (Hydrodynamische Grenzschicht), das sich senkrecht zur Str\u00F6mungsrichtung ausbreitet, keine sichtbaren Turbulenzen (Verwirbelungen / Querstr\u00F6mungen) auftreten: Das Fluid str\u00F6mt in Schichten, die sich nicht miteinander vermischen. In diesem Fall handelt es sich (bei zeitlich konstanter Str\u00F6mungsgeschwindigkeit) meistens um eine station\u00E4re Str\u00F6mung. Umgangssprachlich wird gelegentlich auch eine Str\u00F6mung, die dem Verlauf einer Wand oder eines Profils folgt, als laminare Str\u00F6mung bezeichnet. Fachsprachlich handelt es sich bei diesem Ph\u00E4nomen jedoch um eine ausgebildete oder anliegende Str\u00F6mung."@de . "Se llama flujo laminar o corriente laminar al movimiento de un fluido cuando este es ordenado, estratificado o suave. En un flujo laminar, el fluido se mueve en l\u00E1minas paralelas sin entremezclarse y cada part\u00EDcula de fluido sigue una trayectoria suave, llamada l\u00EDnea de corriente. En flujos laminares, el mecanismo de transporte lateral es exclusivamente molecular."@es . "In fluidodinamica si parla di flusso laminare o di regime laminare quando il moto del fluido avviene con scorrimento di strati infinitesimi gli uni sugli altri senza alcun tipo di rimescolamento di fluido, neanche su scala microscopica.Il flusso \u00E8 governato dalle forze viscose ed \u00E8 costante nel tempo.Alla velocit\u00E0 pi\u00F9 bassa, viene chiamato flusso di Stokes, ed \u00E8 governato dalle equazioni di Stokes."@it . "Aliran laminar merupakan aliran udara yang terjadi akibat tidak adanya gangguan pada pengaliran fluida di tiap lapisan paralel. Garis alir masing-masing dari aliran udara tidak saling berpotongan. Sifat dari aliran laminar adalah tidak terjadi pusaran, persilangan maupun percampuran aliran udara. Setiap partikel udara bergerak serenjang dengan arah aliran udara secara teratur. Aliran laminar dipelajari dalam dinamika fluida. Kondisi yang memungkingkan terbentuknya aliran laminar adalah fluida bergerak sangat lambat atau memiliki tingkat kekentalan yang tinggi. Difusi momentum pada aliran laminar sangat besar, sedangkan momentum konveksi yang terjadi sangat kecil. Nilai bilangan Reynolds pada aliran laminar selalu kurang dari 2000. Setelah waktu dan kondisi tertentu, aliran laminar akan berubah menjadi aliran turbulen."@in . . . . "Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED"@cs . "\u00C9coulement laminaire"@fr . "Flujo laminar"@es . . "Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED je takov\u00E9 proud\u011Bn\u00ED , p\u0159i kter\u00E9m jsou proudnice rovnob\u011B\u017En\u00E9 a nem\u00EDs\u00ED se. \u010C\u00E1stice kapaliny se pohybuj\u00ED vedle sebe jakoby ve vrstv\u00E1ch \u2013 \u201Edesti\u010Dk\u00E1ch\u201C (desti\u010Dka = lat. lamina), kter\u00E9 se vz\u00E1jemn\u011B neprom\u00EDch\u00E1vaj\u00ED. Odtud tak\u00E9 lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED neboli vrstevnat\u00E9 proud\u011Bn\u00ED. Mezi jednotliv\u00FDmi vrstvami se p\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1 existence vnit\u0159n\u00EDho t\u0159en\u00ED a platnost vztahu Newtonova z\u00E1kona viskozity. Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED je tedy proud\u011Bn\u00ED kapaliny s vnit\u0159n\u00EDm t\u0159en\u00EDm, kter\u00E9 je . Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED lze pou\u017E\u00EDt jako vhodnou aproximaci proud\u011Bn\u00ED re\u00E1ln\u00FDch kapalin p\u0159i mal\u00FDch rychlostech."@cs . . "\uCE35\uB958(laminar flow)\uB780 \uC720\uCCB4\uAC00 \uD3C9\uD589\uD55C \uCE35\uC744 \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4 \uD750\uB974\uBA70, \uC774 \uCE35 \uC0AC\uC774\uAC00 \uBD95\uAD34\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC74C\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4.\uC720\uCCB4 \uB3D9\uC5ED\uD559(fluid dynamics)\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294, \uC720\uCCB4\uAC00 \uBAA8\uBA58\uD140 \uD655\uC0B0(diffusion)\uC774 \uB192\uACE0, \uBAA8\uBA58\uD140 \uB300\uB958(convection)\uAC00 \uB0AE\uC73C\uBA70, \uC555\uB825 \uBC0F \uC18D\uB3C4\uAC00 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC5D0 \uBB34\uAD00\uD55C \uC720\uB3D9\uC744 \uCE35\uB958\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4.\uC774 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uB09C\uB958(turbulent flow)\uC640 \uBC18\uB300\uB418\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uC5B4, \uD56D\uACF5\uAE30\uC758 \uB0A0\uAC1C \uC8FC\uC704\uB97C \uD750\uB974\uB294 \uACF5\uAE30 \uC720\uB3D9\uC744 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD574 \uBCF4\uC790. \uB0A0\uAC1C\uC758 \uD45C\uBA74\uC5D0\uB294 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35(boundary layer)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB974\uB294 \uC544\uC8FC \uC587\uC740 \uACF5\uAE30\uC758 \uCE35\uC774 \uD615\uC131\uB41C\uB2E4. \uACF5\uAE30\uB294 \uC810\uC131\uC774 \uC788\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uC774 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35\uC740 \uB0A0\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uBD80\uCC29\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uB0A0\uAC1C\uAC00 \uACF5\uAE30 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C \uC55E\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uC9C4\uD560 \uB54C, \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35\uC740 \uCD5C\uCD08\uC5D0\uB294 \uB0A0\uAC1C\uC758 (stream line) \uD615\uC0C1\uC744 \uB530\uB77C \uD750\uB974\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uBC14\uB85C \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC720\uB3D9\uC744 \uCE35\uB958\uB77C\uACE0 \uD558\uBA70, \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uACBD\uC6B0\uC758 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35\uC744 \uCE35\uB958 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35(laminar layer)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u041B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0301\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. l\u0101mina \u2014 \u00AB\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0430\u00BB) \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043B\u043E\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 (\u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F). \u0414\u043E 1917 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0432 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u041D\u0430\u0432\u044C\u0435 \u2014 \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0430), \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u041F\u0443\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043B\u044F."@ru . "\u5C64\u6D41\uFF08\u305D\u3046\u308A\u3085\u3046\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Alaminar flow\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u5404\u6D41\u4F53\u8981\u7D20\u304C\u63C3\u3063\u3066\u904B\u52D5\u3057\u3066\u4F5C\u308A\u51FA\u3059\u6D41\u308C\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . "Se llama flujo laminar o corriente laminar al movimiento de un fluido cuando este es ordenado, estratificado o suave. En un flujo laminar, el fluido se mueve en l\u00E1minas paralelas sin entremezclarse y cada part\u00EDcula de fluido sigue una trayectoria suave, llamada l\u00EDnea de corriente. En flujos laminares, el mecanismo de transporte lateral es exclusivamente molecular. El flujo laminar es t\u00EDpico de fluidos a velocidades bajas o viscosidades altas, mientras que flujos de fluidos de viscosidad baja, velocidad alta o grandes caudales suelen ser turbulentos. El n\u00FAmero de Reynolds es un par\u00E1metro adimensional importante en las ecuaciones que describen en qu\u00E9 condiciones el flujo ser\u00E1 laminar o turbulento. En el caso de un fluido que se mueve en un tubo de secci\u00F3n circular, el flujo persistente ser\u00E1 laminar por debajo de un n\u00FAmero de Reynolds cr\u00EDtico de aproximadamente 2040.\u200B Para n\u00FAmeros de Reynolds m\u00E1s altos, el flujo turbulento puede sostenerse de forma indefinida. Sin embargo, el n\u00FAmero de Reynolds que delimita flujo turbulento y laminar depende de la geometr\u00EDa del sistema y, adem\u00E1s, la transici\u00F3n de flujo laminar a turbulento es en general sensible a ruido e imperfecciones en el sistema.\u200B El perfil laminar de velocidades en una tuber\u00EDa tiene forma de una par\u00E1bola, donde la velocidad m\u00E1xima se encuentra en el eje del tubo y la velocidad es igual a cero en la pared del tubo. En este caso, la p\u00E9rdida de energ\u00EDa es proporcional a la velocidad media, mucho menor que en el caso de flujo turbulento."@es . . . . "\u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F\u0301 (\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A) (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. laminar flow; straight-line flow, \u043D\u0456\u043C. Laminarstr\u00F6mung f, laminare Str\u00F6mung f) \u2014 \u0432\u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430 (\u0433\u0430\u0437) \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0454. \u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A \u043F\u043E \u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0430\u043B\u043E\u044E \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0434. Re = \u03C1vl/\u00B5, \u0434\u0435 \u03C1 \u2014 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u00B5 \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456, v \u2014 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 (\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443), l \u2014 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0440."@uk . "Regime laminare"@it . "Aliran laminar"@in . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064A\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062D\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642)\u060C \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064A\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064A\u062C\u0631\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Laminae) \u0645\u062A\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0644\u0627 \u062A\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u062A\u062A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062F \u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u062D\u062F\u0648\u062B \u0645\u0632\u062C \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A. \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u064A\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064A\u062D\u064A \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u060C \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0638\u0645 \u062C\u062F\u0627\u064B \u0628\u062D\u064A\u062B \u062A\u062A\u062F\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064A \u0644\u062C\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062D\u0648\u064A\u0647."@ar . . "\u5C42\u6D41\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ALaminar flow\uFF09\uFF0C\u70BA\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u6D41\u52A8\u72B6\u6001\u3002\u5F53\u6D41\u901F\u5F88\u5C0F\u65F6\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u5206\u5C42\u6D41\u52A8\uFF0C\u4E92\u4E0D\u6DF7\u5408\u6216\u5F88\u5C11\u90E8\u5206\u6DF7\u5408\u79F0\u4E3A\u5C42\u6D41\uFF0C\u6216\u79F0\u4E3A\u7247\u6D41\uFF1B\u9010\u6E10\u589E\u52A0\u6D41\u901F\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\u6D41\u7EBF\u5F00\u59CB\u51FA\u73B0\u6CE2\u6D6A\u72B6\u7684\u6446\u52A8\uFF0C\u6446\u52A8\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53CA\u632F\u5E45\u968F\u6D41\u901F\u7684\u589E\u52A0\u800C\u589E\u52A0\uFF0C\u6B64\u79CD\u6D41\u51B5\u79F0\u4E3A\u8FC7\u6E21\u6D41\uFF1B\u5F53\u6D41\u901F\u589E\u52A0\u5230\u5F88\u5927\u65F6\uFF0C\u6D41\u7EBF\u4E0D\u518D\u6E05\u695A\u53EF\u8FA8\uFF0C\u6D41\u573A\u4E2D\u6709\u8BB8\u591A\u5C0F\u6F29\u6DA1\uFF0C\u79F0\u4E3A\u6E4D\u6D41\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u4E3A\u4E71\u6D41\u3001\u6270\u6D41\u6216\u7D0A\u6D41\u3002 \u8FD9\u79CD\u53D8\u5316\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u6765\u91CF\u5316\uFF0C\u516C\u5F0F\u4E3A \u5176\u4E2D\uFF0CDH \u662F\u7BA1\u9053\u7684\u6C34\u529B\u76F4\u5F84 (m)\uFF0CQ \u662F\u4F53\u79EF\u6D41\u7387 (m3/s)\uFF1BA \u662F\u7BA1\u9053\u7684\u6A2A\u622A\u9762\u79EF (m2)\uFF1Bu \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\u5E73\u5747\u901F\u5EA6 (m/s)\uFF1B\u03BC \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684 (Pa\u00B7s = N\u00B7s/m2 = kg/(m\u00B7s))\uFF1B\u03BD \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684\uFF0C\u03BD = \u03BC/\u03C1 (m2/s)\uFF1B\u03C1 \u662F\u6D41\u4F53\u7684 \u5BC6\u5EA6 (kg/m3)\u3002 \u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u8F83\u5C0F\u65F6\uFF0C\u9ECF\u6EDE\u529B\u5BF9\u6D41\u573A\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u5927\u4E8E\u60EF\u6027\u529B\uFF0C\u6D41\u573A\u4E2D\u6D41\u901F\u7684\u6270\u52A8\u4F1A\u56E0\u9ECF\u6EDE\u529B\u800C\u8870\u51CF\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u6D41\u52A8\u7A33\u5B9A\uFF0C\u4E3A\u5C42\u6D41\uFF1B\u53CD\u4E4B\uFF0C\u82E5\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u8F83\u5927\u65F6\uFF0C\u60EF\u6027\u529B\u5BF9\u6D41\u573A\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u5927\u4E8E\u9ECF\u6EDE\u529B\uFF0C\u6D41\u4F53\u6D41\u52A8\u8F83\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\uFF0C\u6D41\u901F\u7684\u5FAE\u5C0F\u53D8\u5316\u5BB9\u6613\u53D1\u5C55\u3001\u589E\u5F3A\uFF0C\u5F62\u6210\u7D0A\u4E71\u3001\u4E0D\u89C4\u5219\u7684\u6E4D\u6D41\u6D41\u573A\u3002 \u6D41\u6001\u8F6C\u53D8\u65F6\u7684\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u503C\u79F0\u4E3A\u4E34\u754C\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u7BA1\u9053\u96F7\u8BFA\u6570Re\uFF1C2100\u4E3A\u5C42\u6D41\u72B6\u6001\uFF0CRe\uFF1E4000\u4E3A\u6E4D\u6D41\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C2100\uFF1CRe\uFF1C4000\u6642\u4E3A\u8FC7\u6E21\u72B6\u6001"@zh . . "18401"^^ . . "Przep\u0142yw laminarny \u2013 przep\u0142yw uwarstwiony, w kt\u00F3rym p\u0142yn przep\u0142ywa w r\u00F3wnoleg\u0142ych warstwach, bez zak\u0142\u00F3ce\u0144 mi\u0119dzy warstwami. Przep\u0142yw taki zachodzi przy odpowiednio ma\u0142ej pr\u0119dko\u015Bci przep\u0142ywu. Graniczn\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015B\u0107 przep\u0142ywu, przy kt\u00F3rej ruch laminarny przechodzi w turbulentny, mo\u017Cna dla okre\u015Blonego p\u0142ynu i warunk\u00F3w przep\u0142ywu obliczy\u0107 na podstawie liczby Reynoldsa."@pl . . "Laminar flow"@en . "In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards. There are no cross-currents perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids. In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface.Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection. When a fluid is flowing through a closed channel such as a pipe or between two flat plates, either of two types of flow may occur depending on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid: laminar flow or turbulent flow. Laminar flow occurs at lower velocities, below a threshold at which the flow becomes turbulent. The threshold velocity is determined by a dimensionless parameter characterizing the flow called the Reynolds number, which also depends on the viscosity and density of the fluid and dimensions of the channel. Turbulent flow is a less orderly flow regime that is characterized by eddies or small packets of fluid particles, which result in lateral mixing. In non-scientific terms, laminar flow is smooth, while turbulent flow is rough."@en . . . "\u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F\u0301 (\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A) (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. laminar flow; straight-line flow, \u043D\u0456\u043C. Laminarstr\u00F6mung f, laminare Str\u00F6mung f) \u2014 \u0432\u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430 (\u0433\u0430\u0437) \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0454. \u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u0443\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A \u043F\u043E \u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043C\u0430\u043B\u043E\u044E \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0434. \u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0456 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0456 \u0437\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C. \u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 (\u0432\u0438\u0445\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439). \u0423\u043C\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043D\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441\u0430. \u041A\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D \u043A\u043E\u043D\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0435 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E Re\u043A\u0440, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044C-\u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E Re < Re\u043A\u0440 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0456\u043A \u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043A\u0438\u043C. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E Re\u043A\u0440 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E. \u0422\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u044F\u043D\u044C \u041D\u0430\u0432'\u0454-\u0421\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0430. Re = \u03C1vl/\u00B5, \u0434\u0435 \u03C1 \u2014 \u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u00B5 \u2014 \u043A\u043E\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456, v \u2014 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 (\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443), l \u2014 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0440. \u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E Re \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0414\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0456 Re\u043A\u0440 = 2200. \u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F\u0445 \u0437 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043E\u0431\u0442\u0456\u043A\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432'\u044F\u0437\u043A\u043E\u044E \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043E\u044E \u0442\u0456\u043B \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u0406\u0437 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0438 (\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443) \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044E."@uk . . . . . . "Escoamento laminar \u00E9 o tipo de fluxo onde existe um m\u00EDnimo de agita\u00E7\u00E3o das v\u00E1rias camadas do fluido. \u00C9 tamb\u00E9m chamado de um escoamento laminar ou um escoamento que est\u00E1 num regime laminar. As diferentes sec\u00E7\u00F5es do fluido se deslocam em planos paralelos, ou em c\u00EDrculos conc\u00EAntricos coaxiais (quando num tubo cil\u00EDndrico), sem se misturar com outros elementos. Um fluxo laminar \u00E9 definido como um fluxo em que o vector velocidade \u00E9 aproximadamente constante em cada ponto do fluido. Num fluxo laminar as linhas de corrente n\u00E3o se cruzam, tal como descrito pela figura. No regime laminar o fluido se move em camadas sem que haja mistura de camadas e varia\u00E7\u00E3o de velocidade. As part\u00EDculas movem-se de forma ordenada, mantendo sempre a mesma posi\u00E7\u00E3o relativa. \u00C9 o regime de escoamento que segue linhas de fluxo, pode ser definido como aquele no qual o fluido se move em camadas ou l\u00E2minas, uma camada escorregando sobre a adjacente havendo somente troca de quantidade de movimento molecular (calor). Um regime laminar \u00E9 at\u00E9 visivelmente sereno, as part\u00EDculas componentes do fluido descrevem trajet\u00F3rias invari\u00E1veis e repetitivas. Este tipo de regime somente se estabelece em velocidades relativamente baixas. Um bom exemplo desse tipo de escoamento \u00E9 a \u00E1gua escoando de uma torneira, formando um \"fio\" cont\u00EDnuo e sem turbul\u00EAncia alguma. Hipertens\u00E3o arterial - o principio do fluxo laminar silencioso \u00E9 utilizado para determinar a fase 4 dos sons de Korotkoff. Nesta fase o fluxo \u00E9 silencioso e a press\u00E3o arterial do in\u00EDcio desta fase \u00E9 considerada como a press\u00E3o arterial diast\u00F3lica no de medida de press\u00E3o arterial. Um regime ou escoamento dito turbulento (algumas vezes regime turbilhonar), em contrapartida, \u00E9 aquele que n\u00E3o segue uma linha de fluxo, aquele no qual as part\u00EDculas apresentam movimento ca\u00F3tico macrosc\u00F3pico, isto \u00E9, a velocidade apresenta componentes transversais ao movimento geral do conjunto ao fluido, as part\u00EDculas do fluido descrevem trajet\u00F3rias que variam de instante a instante. Um exemplo \u00E9 a fuma\u00E7a de um cigarro em sua parte superior quando ela inicia a trocar significativamente calor com o meio. Este tipo de regime se estabelece em velocidades relativamente altas."@pt . . . "Flux laminar"@ca . . . . . . "In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards. There are no cross-currents perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids. In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with particles close to a solid surface moving in straight lines parallel to that surface.Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection."@en . "13029"^^ . "Laminaire stroming"@nl . . . . . . . "Un flux laminar o corrent laminar \u00E9s un tipus de moviment d'un fluid que est\u00E0 perfectament ordenat, estratificat, suau, de manera que el fluid es mou en l\u00E0mines paral\u00B7leles sense entremesclar si el corrent t\u00E9 lloc entre dos plans paral\u00B7lels, o en capes cil\u00EDndriques coaxials com, per exemple la glicerina en un tub de secci\u00F3 circular. Se sol oposar al flux turbulent. Es diu que aquest flux \u00E9s aerodin\u00E0mic. En el flux aerodin\u00E0mic, cada part\u00EDcula de fluid segueix una traject\u00F2ria suau, anomenada l\u00EDnia de corrent. Les capes no es barregen entre si. El mecanisme de transport \u00E9s exclusivament molecular."@ca . . . . . "Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED je takov\u00E9 proud\u011Bn\u00ED , p\u0159i kter\u00E9m jsou proudnice rovnob\u011B\u017En\u00E9 a nem\u00EDs\u00ED se. \u010C\u00E1stice kapaliny se pohybuj\u00ED vedle sebe jakoby ve vrstv\u00E1ch \u2013 \u201Edesti\u010Dk\u00E1ch\u201C (desti\u010Dka = lat. lamina), kter\u00E9 se vz\u00E1jemn\u011B neprom\u00EDch\u00E1vaj\u00ED. Odtud tak\u00E9 lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED neboli vrstevnat\u00E9 proud\u011Bn\u00ED. Mezi jednotliv\u00FDmi vrstvami se p\u0159edpokl\u00E1d\u00E1 existence vnit\u0159n\u00EDho t\u0159en\u00ED a platnost vztahu Newtonova z\u00E1kona viskozity. Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED je tedy proud\u011Bn\u00ED kapaliny s vnit\u0159n\u00EDm t\u0159en\u00EDm, kter\u00E9 je . Lamin\u00E1rn\u00ED proud\u011Bn\u00ED lze pou\u017E\u00EDt jako vhodnou aproximaci proud\u011Bn\u00ED re\u00E1ln\u00FDch kapalin p\u0159i mal\u00FDch rychlostech."@cs . . . . "Fluxo laminar"@pt . . . "\u041B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0456\u044F"@uk . . "\u5C42\u6D41"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062C\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064A\u062D\u064A"@ar . . . . "In fluidodinamica si parla di flusso laminare o di regime laminare quando il moto del fluido avviene con scorrimento di strati infinitesimi gli uni sugli altri senza alcun tipo di rimescolamento di fluido, neanche su scala microscopica.Il flusso \u00E8 governato dalle forze viscose ed \u00E8 costante nel tempo.Alla velocit\u00E0 pi\u00F9 bassa, viene chiamato flusso di Stokes, ed \u00E8 governato dalle equazioni di Stokes."@it . "Laminaire stroming is een stroming waarbij de lagen van een gas of een vloeistof zich parallel ten opzichte van elkaar voortbewegen. Er is nauwelijks of geen stroming loodrecht op de hoofdstroom. De tegenhanger van laminaire stroming is turbulente stroming. Bij een waterkraan is de straal bovenin laminair en wordt deze onder invloed van de zwaartekracht dieper in de val turbulent. Laminaire stroming treedt vooral op bij lage stroomsnelheden. Wordt de snelheid groter, dan kan de stroming ineens turbulent worden. Bij vloeistoffen met een hogere viscositeit ligt het omslagpunt van laminair naar turbulent bij een hogere snelheid. De snelheid waarbij laminaire stroming overgaat in turbulente en andersom, wordt gekarakteriseerd door het getal van Reynolds."@nl . . "\uCE35\uB958(laminar flow)\uB780 \uC720\uCCB4\uAC00 \uD3C9\uD589\uD55C \uCE35\uC744 \uC774\uB8E8\uC5B4 \uD750\uB974\uBA70, \uC774 \uCE35 \uC0AC\uC774\uAC00 \uBD95\uAD34\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC74C\uC744 \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4.\uC720\uCCB4 \uB3D9\uC5ED\uD559(fluid dynamics)\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294, \uC720\uCCB4\uAC00 \uBAA8\uBA58\uD140 \uD655\uC0B0(diffusion)\uC774 \uB192\uACE0, \uBAA8\uBA58\uD140 \uB300\uB958(convection)\uAC00 \uB0AE\uC73C\uBA70, \uC555\uB825 \uBC0F \uC18D\uB3C4\uAC00 \uC2DC\uAC04\uC5D0 \uBB34\uAD00\uD55C \uC720\uB3D9\uC744 \uCE35\uB958\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4.\uC774 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uB09C\uB958(turbulent flow)\uC640 \uBC18\uB300\uB418\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uC774\uB2E4. \uC608\uB97C \uB4E4\uC5B4, \uD56D\uACF5\uAE30\uC758 \uB0A0\uAC1C \uC8FC\uC704\uB97C \uD750\uB974\uB294 \uACF5\uAE30 \uC720\uB3D9\uC744 \uC0DD\uAC01\uD574 \uBCF4\uC790. \uB0A0\uAC1C\uC758 \uD45C\uBA74\uC5D0\uB294 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35(boundary layer)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB974\uB294 \uC544\uC8FC \uC587\uC740 \uACF5\uAE30\uC758 \uCE35\uC774 \uD615\uC131\uB41C\uB2E4. \uACF5\uAE30\uB294 \uC810\uC131\uC774 \uC788\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0, \uC774 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35\uC740 \uB0A0\uAC1C\uC5D0 \uBD80\uCC29\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uB0A0\uAC1C\uAC00 \uACF5\uAE30 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C \uC55E\uC73C\uB85C \uC804\uC9C4\uD560 \uB54C, \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35\uC740 \uCD5C\uCD08\uC5D0\uB294 \uB0A0\uAC1C\uC758 (stream line) \uD615\uC0C1\uC744 \uB530\uB77C \uD750\uB974\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uBC14\uB85C \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uC720\uB3D9\uC744 \uCE35\uB958\uB77C\uACE0 \uD558\uBA70, \uC774\uB7EC\uD55C \uACBD\uC6B0\uC758 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35\uC744 \uCE35\uB958 \uACBD\uACC4\uCE35(laminar layer)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC77C\uC0C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uCE35\uB958\uC640 \uB09C\uB958\uB97C \uBAA9\uACA9\uD560 \uC218 \uC788\uB294 \uC608\uB294 \uBC14\uB78C\uC774 \uC804\uD600 \uC5C6\uB294 \uC870\uAC74\uC5D0\uC11C \uACF5\uC911\uC73C\uB85C \uC62C\uB77C\uAC00\uB294 \uB2F4\uBC30 \uC5F0\uAE30\uC758 \uC608\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774\uB7F0 \uC870\uAC74\uC5D0\uC11C \uB2F4\uBC30 \uC5F0\uAE30\uB294 \uCC98\uC74C \uC5B4\uB290 \uC815\uB3C4\uC758 \uB192\uC774\uAE4C\uC9C0\uB294 \uC218\uC9C1\uC73C\uB85C, \uD750\uD2B8\uB7EC\uC9D0\uC774 \uC804\uD600 \uC5C6\uC774 \uC62C\uB77C\uAC00\uB2E4\uAC00(\uCE35\uB958) \uC5B4\uB290 \uC21C\uAC04 \uADF8 \uD750\uB984\uC774 \uD750\uD2B8\uB7EC\uC9C0\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4(\uB09C\uB958)."@ko . "Lamin\u00E4r str\u00F6mning"@sv . "Escoamento laminar \u00E9 o tipo de fluxo onde existe um m\u00EDnimo de agita\u00E7\u00E3o das v\u00E1rias camadas do fluido. \u00C9 tamb\u00E9m chamado de um escoamento laminar ou um escoamento que est\u00E1 num regime laminar. As diferentes sec\u00E7\u00F5es do fluido se deslocam em planos paralelos, ou em c\u00EDrculos conc\u00EAntricos coaxiais (quando num tubo cil\u00EDndrico), sem se misturar com outros elementos. Um fluxo laminar \u00E9 definido como um fluxo em que o vector velocidade \u00E9 aproximadamente constante em cada ponto do fluido. Num fluxo laminar as linhas de corrente n\u00E3o se cruzam, tal como descrito pela figura."@pt . "Przep\u0142yw laminarny \u2013 przep\u0142yw uwarstwiony, w kt\u00F3rym p\u0142yn przep\u0142ywa w r\u00F3wnoleg\u0142ych warstwach, bez zak\u0142\u00F3ce\u0144 mi\u0119dzy warstwami. Przep\u0142yw taki zachodzi przy odpowiednio ma\u0142ej pr\u0119dko\u015Bci przep\u0142ywu. Graniczn\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015B\u0107 przep\u0142ywu, przy kt\u00F3rej ruch laminarny przechodzi w turbulentny, mo\u017Cna dla okre\u015Blonego p\u0142ynu i warunk\u00F3w przep\u0142ywu obliczy\u0107 na podstawie liczby Reynoldsa."@pl . . "Przep\u0142yw laminarny"@pl . . . . "1108621139"^^ . "En m\u00E9canique des fluides, l'\u00E9coulement laminaire est le mode d'\u00E9coulement d'un fluide o\u00F9 l'ensemble du fluide s'\u00E9coule plus ou moins dans la m\u00EAme direction, sans que les diff\u00E9rences locales se contrarient (par opposition au r\u00E9gime turbulent, fait de tourbillons qui se contrarient mutuellement). L'\u00E9coulement laminaire est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement celui qui est recherch\u00E9 lorsqu'on veut faire circuler un fluide dans un tuyau (car il cr\u00E9e moins de pertes de charge), ou faire voler un avion (car il est plus stable, et pr\u00E9visible par les \u00E9quations)."@fr . "En m\u00E9canique des fluides, l'\u00E9coulement laminaire est le mode d'\u00E9coulement d'un fluide o\u00F9 l'ensemble du fluide s'\u00E9coule plus ou moins dans la m\u00EAme direction, sans que les diff\u00E9rences locales se contrarient (par opposition au r\u00E9gime turbulent, fait de tourbillons qui se contrarient mutuellement). L'\u00E9coulement laminaire est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement celui qui est recherch\u00E9 lorsqu'on veut faire circuler un fluide dans un tuyau (car il cr\u00E9e moins de pertes de charge), ou faire voler un avion (car il est plus stable, et pr\u00E9visible par les \u00E9quations)."@fr . . . "\u041B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0301\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. l\u0101mina \u2014 \u00AB\u043F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0430\u00BB) \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043B\u043E\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 (\u0442\u043E \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F). \u0414\u043E 1917 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0432 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u041D\u0430\u0432\u044C\u0435 \u2014 \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0430), \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u041F\u0443\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043B\u044F."@ru . . . . . "Lamin\u00E4r str\u00F6mning, lamin\u00E4rt fl\u00F6de, \u00E4r i str\u00F6mningsmekaniken en str\u00F6mning som i motsats till turbulent str\u00F6mning f\u00F6ljer parallella linjer utan att blandas. S\u00E5dan str\u00F6mning f\u00F6rekommer vid l\u00E5ga Reynolds-tal, vilket inneb\u00E4r att de visk\u00F6sa krafterna \u00E4r stora j\u00E4mf\u00F6rt med tr\u00F6ghetskrafterna. Reynoldstalet \u00E4r definierat som d\u00E4r \u00E4r mediets hastighet, \u00E4r en typisk l\u00E4ngdskala f\u00F6r str\u00F6mningen, till exempel r\u00F6rdiameter, och \u00E4r mediets kinematiska viskositet. Praktiska exempel med lamin\u00E4r str\u00F6mning \u00E4r olja (h\u00F6g viskositet) i sm\u00E5 r\u00F6r (sm\u00E5 dimensioner) med l\u00E5ga hastigheter. Medier som luft och vatten har l\u00E4gre viskositet och har n\u00E4stan alltid turbulent fl\u00F6de i normala tekniska anordningar. Med \u00F6kande str\u00F6mningshastighet kan ett omslag ske fr\u00E5n lamin\u00E4r till turbulent str\u00F6mning."@sv . "Laminare Str\u00F6mung"@de . . .