"Taken over"@en . . . . . . . "1106037462"^^ . . . . "39057"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Lincoln Corporation Waterworks and its predecessors and successors have provided a public water supply and sewerage and sewage treatment services to the city of Lincoln, England. The Romans are known to have built a conduit from the Roaring Meg stream to a water tower in East Bight. Further development took place in 1846, when the Lincoln Water Company was established, following a national outbreak of cholera in 1831-32. The main source of supply was formed by impounding Prial Drain to form Hartsholme Lake. The water was filtered by sand filters at Boultham, and was pumped to a service reservoir at Westgate. Lincoln Corporation wanted to gain control of their water supply, and bought out the water company in 1871. The enabling Act of Parliament also allowed them to construct a sewerage net"@en . . . "Lincoln Corporation Waterworks"@en . . . "Lincoln, England"@en . . . . . . . . "Taken over"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Westgate water tower was completed in 1911 to store water from boreholes at Elkesley."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1871"^^ . . . "Lincoln Corporation Waterworks"@en . . "Water and sewage"@en . . . . . . "67134649"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Anglian Water Authority"@en . . . . . . . . . "Lincoln Corporation Waterworks"@en . . . . . . . . . . "1871"^^ . . . . . . . "Lincoln Corporation Waterworks and its predecessors and successors have provided a public water supply and sewerage and sewage treatment services to the city of Lincoln, England. The Romans are known to have built a conduit from the Roaring Meg stream to a water tower in East Bight. Further development took place in 1846, when the Lincoln Water Company was established, following a national outbreak of cholera in 1831-32. The main source of supply was formed by impounding Prial Drain to form Hartsholme Lake. The water was filtered by sand filters at Boultham, and was pumped to a service reservoir at Westgate. Lincoln Corporation wanted to gain control of their water supply, and bought out the water company in 1871. The enabling Act of Parliament also allowed them to construct a sewerage network, which fed a sewage farm at Canwick, but the Bracebridge area was not connected to the sewers, and waste water polluted local watercourses. There were sporadic outbreaks of typhoid and cholera, although the Corporation argued that these might not be linked to a polluted water supply. Two cases of typhoid were reported in November 1904, and it gradually developed into a major outbreak. By late April 1905, 131 people had died of the disease, and a further 1,045 had been infected. The waterworks became the first in the country to add sodium hypochlorite to the water to disinfect it. In the aftermath, Neil McKechnie Barron took over as the corporation engineer, and under his energetic leadership, Bracebridge was connected to the sewers, filtering of the water was improved, Westgate water tower was built, and the search for a new water supply began. After considerable opposition from Nottinghamshire, who objected to water leaving the county, new boreholes were built at Elkesley on the Nottinghamshire red sandstone beds. The project, including a pipeline from Elkesley to Lincoln, was completed by 4 October 1911, when a grand opening ceremony was held. Chlorination plants were added to the system after E-Coli bacteria were detected in the water in 1932 and 1933. As the population increased, a fifth borehole was constructed at Elkesley and another was built at Newton on Trent. Lincoln ceased to be responsible for its own water supply from 1961, when the waterworks became part of the Lincoln and District Water Board. The pipeline from Elkesley to Lincoln was duplicated, but after 62 years of trouble-free service, one of the two beam engines at Elkesley exploded in 1973, and both were replaced by electric pumps. At around the same time, the Anglian Water Authority, newly created under the terms of the Water Act 1973, became responsible for the regions water supply, sewerage and sewage treatment. Following the passing of the Public Health Act 1848, there was a greater understanding of the need to deal with waste water. Lincoln was fortunate in that the engineer George Giles came to the city in 1847, working on the construction of the Great Northern Railway, and he had experience in sewerage systems. He produced a detailed report for the Corporation, which included maps of the whole city, but there was significant opposition to any scheme to install underground drainage. In 1850 the principle of underground drainage was adopted, although Giles' report was not, but it took until 1881 until a scheme was fully implemented."@en . . .