. . . . . . "Die Geschichte der Psychiatrie befasst sich mit der historischen Entwicklung des wissenschaftlichen, gesellschaftlichen und medizinischen Umgangs mit geistig-seelischen Erkrankungen. Die Psychiatriegeschichte kann in drei gro\u00DFe Epochen gegliedert werden. Vom Altertum bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts dominierte die Beschreibung und Behandlung des Wahnsinns. Psychiatriegeschichte im engeren Sinn beginnt mit der Aufkl\u00E4rung im 18. Jahrhundert, als Bem\u00FChungen zur systematischen Versorgung der Kranken einsetzen. Seit dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts hat sich die Psychiatrie zur akademischen Wissenschaft entwickelt."@de . . . . . . . . . "Storia delle istituzioni psichiatriche"@it . . . . . . . . . "\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u4EBA\u6536\u5BB9\u6240\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Alunatic asylum\uFF09\uFF0C\u4FD7\u79F0\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\uFF0C\u5728\u8FC7\u53BB\u88AB\u7528\u4F5C\u6536\u5BB9\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u75AF\u766B\u7684\u4EBA\u7684\u5730\u65B9\u3002872\u5E74\uFF0C\u827E\u54C8\u8FC8\u5FB7\u00B7\u4F0A\u672C\u00B7\u7A81\u4F26\u5728\u57C3\u53CA\u5F00\u7F57\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u7B2C\u4E00\u6240\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5728\u6B27\u6D32\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u75AF\u4EBA\u966217\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E4B\u540E\u624D\u5EFA\u7ACB\u3002\u542F\u8499\u65F6\u4EE3\u65F6\u4EBA\u4EEC\u5BF9\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u60A3\u8005\u7684\u6001\u5EA6\u51FA\u73B0\u53D8\u5316\uFF0C\u4ECE\u7B80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u62BC\u9010\u6B65\u6F14\u53D8\u6210\u6CBB\u7597\u548C\u6539\u9020\u300219\u4E16\u7EAA\u521D\uFF0C\u82F1\u56FD\u5171\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4EBA\u6536\u5BB9\u5728\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\u4E2D\uFF0C\u800C20\u4E16\u7EAA\u521D\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6570\u5B57\u8D85\u8FC7\u5341\u4E07\u300220\u4E16\u7EAA\u8FD9\u4E9B\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\u9010\u6B65\u6F14\u53D8\u4E3A\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u9662\u3002"@zh . . "The lunatic asylum (or insane asylum) was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital. The fall of the lunatic asylum and its eventual replacement by modern psychiatric hospitals explains the rise of organized, institutional psychiatry. While there were earlier institutions that housed the \"insane\", the conclusion that institutionalization was the correct solution to treating people considered to be \"mad\" was part of a social process in the 19th century that began to seek solutions outside of families and local communities."@en . . . . . "Een dolhuis of gekkenhuis was in vroegere tijden een inrichting voor opvang van geesteszieken. In de 15e eeuw ontstond door toenemende groei van de steden de behoefte de stadsbewoners te beschermen tegen gevaarlijke en onrustige mensen (geesteszieken, krankzinnigen). Het begrip krankzinnigheid werd daarbij overigens ruim genomen: alles wat buiten de gangbare (dat wil zeggen: 'wenselijke') omgangsvormen viel, werd al snel beschouwd als \"krankzinnig\": geesteszieken, lijders aan epilepsie, zwakzinnigen, mensen die asociaal gedrag vertoonden, oproerkraaiers, verslaafden, dementerenden, et cetera. De kans om levend uit een dolhuis te komen was klein."@nl . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "Een dolhuis of gekkenhuis was in vroegere tijden een inrichting voor opvang van geesteszieken. In de 15e eeuw ontstond door toenemende groei van de steden de behoefte de stadsbewoners te beschermen tegen gevaarlijke en onrustige mensen (geesteszieken, krankzinnigen). Het begrip krankzinnigheid werd daarbij overigens ruim genomen: alles wat buiten de gangbare (dat wil zeggen: 'wenselijke') omgangsvormen viel, werd al snel beschouwd als \"krankzinnig\": geesteszieken, lijders aan epilepsie, zwakzinnigen, mensen die asociaal gedrag vertoonden, oproerkraaiers, verslaafden, dementerenden, et cetera. De kans om levend uit een dolhuis te komen was klein."@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La storia delle istituzioni psichiatriche nasce con lo sviluppo degli \"asili per lunatici\", seguito dalla loro graduale trasformazione nei \"manicomi\" del XIX secolo, sostituiti infine dai contemporanei ospedali psichiatrici; una tale evoluzione spiega e chiarisce l'ascesa di una psichiatria organizzata e riconosciuta ufficialmente come branca della medicina."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u4EBA\u6536\u5BB9\u6240"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dolhuis"@nl . "D\u011Bjiny psychiatrie jsou d\u011Bjinami l\u00E9\u010Ditelsk\u00E9 a pozd\u011Bji l\u00E9ka\u0159sk\u00E9 discipl\u00EDny, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 popisem, klasifikac\u00ED a l\u00E9\u010Dbou du\u0161evn\u00EDch poruch a onemocn\u011Bn\u00ED."@cs . . . . "25242181"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Die Geschichte der Psychiatrie befasst sich mit der historischen Entwicklung des wissenschaftlichen, gesellschaftlichen und medizinischen Umgangs mit geistig-seelischen Erkrankungen. Die Psychiatriegeschichte kann in drei gro\u00DFe Epochen gegliedert werden. Vom Altertum bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts dominierte die Beschreibung und Behandlung des Wahnsinns. Psychiatriegeschichte im engeren Sinn beginnt mit der Aufkl\u00E4rung im 18. Jahrhundert, als Bem\u00FChungen zur systematischen Versorgung der Kranken einsetzen. Seit dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts hat sich die Psychiatrie zur akademischen Wissenschaft entwickelt."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La storia delle istituzioni psichiatriche nasce con lo sviluppo degli \"asili per lunatici\", seguito dalla loro graduale trasformazione nei \"manicomi\" del XIX secolo, sostituiti infine dai contemporanei ospedali psichiatrici; una tale evoluzione spiega e chiarisce l'ascesa di una psichiatria organizzata e riconosciuta ufficialmente come branca della medicina. Mentre anche precedentemente esistettero istituti ospitanti gli \"insani\" (le cosiddette \"case dei matti\", includenti anche i vagabondi, le prostitute, visionari di ogni tipo e tutti quelli definiti ed etichettati come \"anomali\", che si sono schierati cio\u00E8 al di fuori della societ\u00E0 costituita), la conclusione tratta dalla maggioranza dei \"normali\" che l'istituzionalizzazione fosse la soluzione pi\u00F9 corretta per trattare le persone considerate squilibrate, \"entusiaste\", maniache, dementi, furiose, affette da \"cretinismo\" e da idiozia, asociali, poveri e orfani e vedove senza alcun mezzo di sostentamento, invertiti sessuali (cos\u00EC erano chiamati gli omosessuali un tempo) e affetti da infezioni di origini sessuali, mongoloidi ecc. fece parte di un processo sociale del XIX secolo il quale cerc\u00F2 di rinvenire \"soluzioni\" al di fuori delle famiglie e delle comunit\u00E0 locali. In Gran Bretagna all'inizio dell'Ottocento vi erano forse qualche migliaio di lunatici ospitati una variet\u00E0 d'istituzioni separate, ma all'inizio del XX secolo coloro che erano definiti tali ammontava a circa 100.000. Questo balzo coincise con lo sviluppo dell'alienismo, oggi noto come psichiatria, come specializzazione medica."@it . "\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u4EBA\u6536\u5BB9\u6240\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Alunatic asylum\uFF09\uFF0C\u4FD7\u79F0\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\uFF0C\u5728\u8FC7\u53BB\u88AB\u7528\u4F5C\u6536\u5BB9\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u75AF\u766B\u7684\u4EBA\u7684\u5730\u65B9\u3002872\u5E74\uFF0C\u827E\u54C8\u8FC8\u5FB7\u00B7\u4F0A\u672C\u00B7\u7A81\u4F26\u5728\u57C3\u53CA\u5F00\u7F57\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u7B2C\u4E00\u6240\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5728\u6B27\u6D32\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u75AF\u4EBA\u966217\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E4B\u540E\u624D\u5EFA\u7ACB\u3002\u542F\u8499\u65F6\u4EE3\u65F6\u4EBA\u4EEC\u5BF9\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u60A3\u8005\u7684\u6001\u5EA6\u51FA\u73B0\u53D8\u5316\uFF0C\u4ECE\u7B80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u62BC\u9010\u6B65\u6F14\u53D8\u6210\u6CBB\u7597\u548C\u6539\u9020\u300219\u4E16\u7EAA\u521D\uFF0C\u82F1\u56FD\u5171\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4EBA\u6536\u5BB9\u5728\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\u4E2D\uFF0C\u800C20\u4E16\u7EAA\u521D\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6570\u5B57\u8D85\u8FC7\u5341\u4E07\u300220\u4E16\u7EAA\u8FD9\u4E9B\u75AF\u4EBA\u9662\u9010\u6B65\u6F14\u53D8\u4E3A\u7CBE\u795E\u75C5\u9662\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Lunatic asylum"@en . . . "D\u011Bjiny psychiatrie"@cs . . . . . "D\u011Bjiny psychiatrie jsou d\u011Bjinami l\u00E9\u010Ditelsk\u00E9 a pozd\u011Bji l\u00E9ka\u0159sk\u00E9 discipl\u00EDny, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 popisem, klasifikac\u00ED a l\u00E9\u010Dbou du\u0161evn\u00EDch poruch a onemocn\u011Bn\u00ED."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "66223"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Geschichte der Psychiatrie"@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064A"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The lunatic asylum (or insane asylum) was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital. The fall of the lunatic asylum and its eventual replacement by modern psychiatric hospitals explains the rise of organized, institutional psychiatry. While there were earlier institutions that housed the \"insane\", the conclusion that institutionalization was the correct solution to treating people considered to be \"mad\" was part of a social process in the 19th century that began to seek solutions outside of families and local communities."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1121110332"^^ . .